| 101. |
- Stocks, Tanja, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin resistance is inversely related to prostate cancer : a prospective study in Northern Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 120:12, s. 2678-2686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factors related to insulin resistance have been implicated in prostate cancer development, however, few analytical studies support such an association. We performed a case control study on 392 prostate cancer cases and 392 matched controls nested in a prospective cohort in Northern Sweden. Plasma concentrations of C-peptide, leptin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting and post-load glucose were analysed and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer. High levels of C-peptide, HOMA-IR, leptin and HbA1c were associated with significant decreases in risk of prostate cancer, with ORs for top vs. bottom quartile for C-peptide of 0.59 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.40-0.89; ptrend = 0.008), HOMA-IR 0.60 (95% CI, 0.38-0.94; ptrend = 0.03), leptin 0.55 (95% CI, 0.36-0.84; ptrend = 0.006) and HbA1c 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35-0.91; ptrend = 0.02). All studied factors were strongly inversely related to risk among men less than 59 years of age at blood sampling, but not among older men, with a significant heterogeneity between the groups for leptin (pheterogeneity = 0.006) and fasting glucose (pheterogeneity = 0.03). C-peptide and HOMA-IR were strongly inversely related to non-aggressive cancer but were non-significantly positively related to risk of aggressive disease (pheterogeneity = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively). Our data suggest that androgens, which are inversely associated with insulin resistance, are important in the early prostate cancer development, whereas insulin resistance related factors may be important for tumour progression.
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| 102. |
- Stocks, Tanja, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic factors and risk of colorectal cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 117:11, s. 2398-2407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer in some small studies, but it is unknown which factors in the MetS that are most strongly related to risk, and if there is an interaction between factors. Methods and Findings In the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can), data on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were available in 289,866 men and 288,834 women. Mean age at baseline was 44.0 years and mean follow-up time was 12.0 years. During follow-up, 2,834 men and 1,861 women were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. We used Cox regression models to calculate relative risk (RR) of colorectal cancer by exposures transformed into Z scores (mean = 0, standard deviation = 1), and for a MetS Z score, and used regression calibration to correct exposure levels for random error in measurement. Significant increases in risk per one unit increment of factors were observed in men for BMI, RR 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.13), blood pressure, RR 1.10 (1.02-1.18), and triglycerides, RR 1.17 (1.06-1.28), and in women for BMI, RR 1.08 (1.01-1.15). The RR of colorectal cancer per one unit increment of the MetS Z score was 1.24 (1.18-1.31) in men, and 1.14 (1.06-1.22) in women. There was no significant positive interaction for any combination of two metabolic factors. Associations between metabolic factors and risk of fatal colorectal cancer were similar to those for incident cancer. Conclusions Our data add further evidence for an association between factors in the MetS, in single and combined, and risk of colorectal cancer. Our data do not support an interaction between factors in the MetS on risk.
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| 103. |
- Stocks, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Factors and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in 580,000 Men and Women in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1097-0142 .- 0008-543X. ; 117:11, s. 2398-2407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, but the modest size of previous studies precluded detailed characterization of the role of individual MetS factors and their interaction on risk. METHODS: In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can), data on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were available for 578,700 men and women. The mean age of participants at baseline was 44 years, and the mean follow-up was 12 years. Relative risks (RR) of colorectal cancer per 1 standard deviation increment in Z score of factors and for a combined MetS score, were calculated from Cox regression models, including adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: During follow-up, 2834 men and 1861 women were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The RR of colorectal cancer for the MetS score was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.32) in men, and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.06-1.22) in women. Significant associations also were observed in men for BMI (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13), blood pressure (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.18), and triglycerides (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.28) and, in women, for BMI (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15). There was no significant positive interaction between the metabolic factors on risk. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of metabolic factors and some separate factors was related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, but there was no interaction between metabolic factors. Cancer 2011; 117: 2398-407. (C) 2010 American Cancer Society.
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| 104. |
- Toniolo, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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Human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnancy and maternal risk of breast cancer
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 70:17, s. 6779-6786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Full-term pregnancies are associated with long-term reductions in maternal risk of breast cancer, but the biological determinants of the protection are unknown. Experimental observations suggest that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a major hormone of pregnancy, could play a role in this association. A case-control study (242 cases and 450 controls) nested within the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort included women who had donated a blood sample during the first trimester of a first full-term pregnancy. Total hCG was determined on Immulite 2000 analyzer. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through conditional logistic regression. Maternal breast cancer risk decreased with increasing hCG (upper tertile OR, 0.67; CI, 0.46-0.99), especially for pregnancies before age 25 (upper tertile OR, 0.41; CI, 0.21-0.80). The association diverged according to age at diagnosis: risk was reduced after age 40 (upper tertile OR, 0.60; CI, 0.39-0.91) and seemed to increase before age 40 (upper tertile OR, 1.78; CI, 0.72-4.38). Risk was reduced among those diagnosed 10 years or longer after blood draw (upper tertile OR, 0.60; CI, 0.40-0.90), but not so among those diagnosed within 10 years (upper tertile OR, 4.33; CI, 0.86-21.7). These observations suggest that the association between pregnancy hCG and subsequent maternal risk of breast cancer is modified by age at diagnosis. Although the hormone seems to be a determinant of the reduced risk around or after age 50, it might not confer protection against, or it could even increase the risk of, cancers diagnosed in the years immediately following pregnancy.
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| 105. |
- Toriola, Adetunji T, et al.
(författare)
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Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations with maternal sex steroids and IGF-1 hormones during pregnancy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 22:6, s. 925-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Vitamin D may influence circulating levels of sex steroid hormones in women during reproductive life, but associations in pregnant women have not been explored.METHODS: Correlation and linear regression models were used to assess the association between sex steroids, (estradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and androstenedione), IGF-1, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations during the first trimester of pregnancy in 106 cancer-free women from the Finnish Maternity Cohort.RESULTS: There was no significant association of serum 25-OHD with any of the hormones measured. One-unit increase in serum 25-OHD concentration was associated with a non-significant 6% increase in estradiol concentrations. Multiparous women had higher levels of vitamin D (40.4 vs. 32.9 nmol/L, p-value = 0.01) than primiparous women.CONCLUSION: Our study does not support an association between maternal serum 25-OHD levels and sex steroids or IGF-I concentrations during the first trimester of pregnancy.
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| 106. |
- Toriola, Adetunji T, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I in pregnancy and maternal risk of breast cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 20:8, s. 1798-1801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Elevated serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I have been associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer. Previously, we reported a similar association in samples obtained during pregnancy. This study was conducted to further characterize the association of IGF-I during pregnancy with maternal breast cancer risk.METHODS: A case-control study was nested within the Finnish Maternity Cohort. The study was limited to primiparous women younger than 40 years, who donated blood samples during early (median, 12 weeks) pregnancy and delivered a single child at term. Seven hundred nineteen women with invasive breast cancer were eligible. Two controls (n = 1,434) were matched with each case on age and date at blood donation. Serum IGF-I concentration was measured using an Immulite 2000 analyzer. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs.RESULTS: No significant associations were observed between serum IGF-I concentrations and breast cancer risk in both the overall analysis (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.80-1.47) and in analyses stratified by histologic subtype, lag time to cancer diagnosis, age at pregnancy, or age at diagnosis.CONCLUSION: There was no association between IGF-I and maternal breast cancer risk during early pregnancy in this large nested case-control study.IMPACT: Serum IGF-I concentrations during early pregnancy may not be related to maternal risk of developing breast cancer.
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| 107. |
- Toriola, Adetunji T, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of maternal sex steroids during the first half of pregnancy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology. - New York : Elsevier Science Publ. Co., Inc.. - 0029-7844 .- 1873-233X. ; 118:5, s. 1029-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:: To examine the associations of maternal and child characteristics with early pregnancy maternal concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol (E2). METHODS:: We analyzed these hormones among 1,343 women with singleton pregnancies who donated serum samples to the Finnish Maternity Cohort from 1986 to 2006 during the first half of pregnancy (median 11 weeks). The associations of maternal and child characteristics with hormone concentrations were investigated by correlation and multivariable regression. RESULTS:: Women older than age 30 years had lower androgen and E2 but higher progesterone concentrations than women younger than that age. Multiparous women had 14% lower testosterone, 11% lower androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 9% lower progesterone, and 16% lower E2 concentrations compared with nulliparous women (all P<.05). Smoking mothers had 11%, 18%, and 8% higher testosterone, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, respectively, but 10% lower progesterone compared with nonsmoking women (all P<.05). E2 concentrations were 9% higher (P<.05) among women with a female fetus compared with those with a male fetus. CONCLUSION:: Parity, smoking, and, to a lesser extent, maternal age and child sex are associated with sex steroid levels during the first half of a singleton pregnancy. The effects of smoking on the maternal hormonal environment and the possible long-term deleterious consequences on the fetus deserve further evaluation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: II.
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| 108. |
- Toriola, Adetunji T., et al.
(författare)
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Free beta- human chorionic gonadotropin, total human chorionic gonadotropin and maternal risk of breast cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Future Oncology. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 10:3, s. 377-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We investigated whether the free -human chorionic gonadotropin (free -hCG) would provide additional information to that provided by total hCG alone and thus be useful in future epidemiological studies relating hCG to maternal breast cancer risk. Materials & methods: Cases (n = 159) and controls (n = 286) were a subset of our previous study within the Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort on total hCG during primiparous pregnancy and breast cancer risk. Results: The associations between total hCG (hazard ratio: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.49-1.27), free -hCG (hazard ratio: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.33-2.18) and maternal risk of breast cancer were very similar in all analyses and mutual adjustment for either one had minor effects on the risk estimates. Conclusion: In the absence of a reliable assay on intact hCG, total hCG alone can be used in epidemiological studies investigating hCG and breast cancer risk, as free -hCG does not appear to provide any additional information.
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| 109. |
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| 110. |
- Toriola, Adetunji T., et al.
(författare)
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Insulin-like growth factor-I and C-reactive protein during pregnancy and maternal risk of non-epithelial ovarian cancer : a nested case-control study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 22:11, s. 1607-1611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and C-reactive protein (CRP) may be positively associated with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) but no previous studies have investigated their associations with non-epithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC). A case-control study was nested within the Finnish Maternity Cohort. Case subjects were 58 women diagnosed with sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST) and 30 with germ cell tumors (GCT) after recruitment. Control subjects (144 for SCST and 74 for GCT) were matched for age, parity, and date of blood donation of the index case. Doubling of IGF-I concentration was not related to maternal risk of either SCST (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.58-1.62) or GCT (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.51-2.51). Similarly, doubling of CRP concentrations was not related to maternal risk of either SCST (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.85-1.43) or GCT (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.68-1.28). Pre-diagnostic IGF-I and CRP concentrations during the first trimester of pregnancy were not associated with increased risk of NEOC in the mother. Risk factors for NEOC may differ from those of EOC.
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