| 461. |
- Kjellsson, Gustav
(författare)
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Extending Decomposition Analysis to Account for Socioeconomic Background: Income-Related Smoking Inequality among Swedish Women
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article suggests an extension of the standard decomposition of the concentration index that allows for an exploration of the pathways through which socioeconomic background relates to income-related health inequality. This novel approach is contrasted to the standard one using a panel of Swedish women in Statistics Sweden’s Survey of Living Conditions for one vital health-related behavior, smoking. The decomposition uses an underlying model that considers both individual heterogeneity and smoking persistence, showing that the largest contributions to the pro-rich smoking inequality come from years of schooling and living in a single household. The contribution from socioeconomic background is close to negligible when using the standard approach. Once applying the suggested extension, socioeconomic background contributes indirectly to the inequality, primarily through an increase in years of schooling. These results highlight the potential importance of using this extension, especially for distinguishing between circumstances that individuals may affect themselves and these that are out of their control, which may be important for policy design.
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| 462. |
- Knutsson, Polina
(författare)
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Lasting Effects of an Import Shock: Channels of Adjustment
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper exploits a quasi-natural experiment to study the channels of labor market adjustment to an import shock. Using matched employer-employee data from Sweden, I study workers' adjustment after the removal of quotas set out by the Multi-Fiber Arrangement for Chinese producers upon China's entry into the WTO. I find evidence of substantial losses in terms of earnings and employment. Sectoral mobility mitigates a portion of these losses, but gives rise to substantial adjustment frictions. The largest losses accrue to workers with skills specific to the exposed industry. Some losses are recovered through mobility across labor markets, but only workers in high-skill occupations benefit from this channel. I also show that skill specificity of the local labor market is an important determinant of adjustment and provide evidence of skill upgrading in response to the import shock.
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| 463. |
- Knutsson, Polina
(författare)
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Sorting on Unobserved Skills into New Firms
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human capital features prominently in theoretical work on post-entry performance of new firms. Empirical analysis has, however, to a large extent overlooked the unobserved component of human capital focusing on years of education or labor market experience. This paper adds to the literature on worker characteristics and post-entry firm performance by putting the unobserved quality of workers in the center of analysis. I find strong evidence that new firms on average employ workers of lower unobserved quality relative to incumbent firms. Among new firms workers of higher unobserved quality are overrepresented in spin-offs and incorporated new firms. I further show that unobserved quality of workers is important for the post-entry performance of firms as it is a strong predictor of new firm survival.
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| 464. |
- Kratz, Jörgen
(författare)
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Overlapping Multiple Assignments
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies an allocation problem with multiple assignments, indivisible objects, no endowments and no monetary transfers, where a single object may be assigned to several agents as long as the set of agents assigned the object satisfy a compatibility constraint. It is shown that, on the domain of complete, transitive and strict preferences, group-sorting sequential dictatorships are fully characterized by four different combinations of coalitional strategyproofness, strategyproofness, Pareto efficiency, non-bossiness, group-monotonicity and group-invariance. It is also demonstrated that the characterization in Pápai (2001) of sequential dictatorships for the case where assignments are not allowed to overlap is contained in the main result.
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| 465. |
- Kruse, Agneta
(författare)
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Ageing Populations and Intergenerational Risk-sharing in PAYG Pension Schemes
- 2002
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to compare pension schemes with respect to their intergenerational redistributive effects caused by economic and demographic changes. It is shown how these effects depend on the specific design of the pension scheme, with special attention devoted to the indexation problem. There is a potential trade-off between financial stability of the pension system and a “desired” distribution between generations. A buffer fund is often seen as the remedy to demographic strain and potential conflict. Therefore, the possibility of accumulating (and de-cumulating) a buffer fund is included. A lifecycle perspective is applied and the risk-sharing is measured by different generations’ rate of return. The analysis is carried out within the framework of an over-lapping generation model in the setting of a stylised economy.
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| 466. |
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| 467. |
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| 468. |
- Kurikka, Heli, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience in the periphery: What an agency perspective can bring to the table
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, we study the relationship between regional economic resilience and agency. Especially since the 2008 recession, regional resilience has raised a lot of interest in economic geography. However, the resilience research has focused mostly on the structural perspective and the role of agency has gained less attention. Intentional and purposeful human actions can have an effect on regional development trajectories especially in a crisis situation. Economic crises typically are critical junctures where a variety of paths are possible and where the choices, strategies, and actions may have a decisive effect on the future. We are interested in the influence of change agency on different kinds of resilience outputs, especially regional adaptability. Different types of change agency play their own roles in constructing regional resilience. Innovative entrepreneurs are transforming or creating new economic activities through the novel combination of knowledge and resources. Institutional entrepreneurs are actors that challenge and transform existing rules and practices or aim at creating new ones. Finally, place-based leaders are co-ordinating and mobilising different actors and resources for the collective pursuit. Constructing regional resilience calls for this ‘trinity of change agency’. We provide empirical illustrations of our arguments from two peripheral Finish regions that went through similar crises but emerged differently from it. Our findings indicate that the interplay of different types of change agency has a significant role in regional processes of adaptation and adaptability of the region.
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| 469. |
- Lark, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Do Exporters Import Gender Inequality?
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examine whether exposure to gender inequality at export destinations affects the gender wage gap in exporting firms. We motivate the analysis through a stylized model where wages depend on worker productivity, and men have a comparative advantage when trading with gender-unequal countries due to customer discrimination. Empirically, we use high-quality matched employer-employee data from Sweden and calculate how exposed firms are to country-level gender inequality through their export destinations. Although increased export intensity on average leads to a wider within-firm gender wage gap, the effect is entirely driven by trade with gender-unequal countries; we find no impact on the gender wage gap when firms increase their exports to countries with gender-equality levels close to that of Sweden. Female managers, who are most likely to interact with foreign customers, experience the most pronounced negative relative wage effects.
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| 470. |
- Linder, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and its socioeconomic inequality in Sweden: the role of demographic changes over time
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract: Our aim is to study trends in mental ill-health and socioeconomic-related mental health inequalities over time in Sweden. We also make a first attempt at disentangling why we see such a development, by decomposing any changes in terms of changes in selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics among the population. A secondary aim is to consider how different indicators for mental ill-health, as well as different measures of inequality, affect the conclusions we draw. Register data from the Swedish Interdisciplinary Panel and the Swedish Living Conditions Survey (administered by Statistics Sweden) are used to study trends in mental ill-health and mental health inequalities over the years 1994-2011. The study population comprises of working age individuals aged 31-64 living in Sweden. Four indicators of mental ill-health are used in the main analysis: self-reported anxiety, psychiatric inpatient diagnosis, psychiatric outpatient diagnosis and death by suicide. The results show that psychiatric diagnoses (in- and outpatient) increased substantially amongst 31 - 64 year olds between 1994 and 2011. Self-reported anxiety remained stable and suicides decreased. These results show that the different indicators of mental ill-health are not reflective of each other and how we measure mental ill-health largely affect the conclusions we draw. The mental ill-health indicators which suggest there is an increase in mental ill-health (in- and outpatient diagnosis) partly depend on attitudes, help-seeking behaviour and diagnostic practice. Thus, we cannot say that mental ill-health actually has increased. However, all mental ill-health indicators are becoming increasingly concentrated among women and among those not participating in the labour force, and psychiatric diagnoses are increasingly concentrated among those lowest educated. Income-related mental health inequalities in Sweden are substantial, and have increased significantly between 1994 and 2011, both regarding absolute and relative inequalities. More than 30 percent of self-reported anxiety and suicides, and half or all psychiatric in- and outpatient diagnoses, are found among the poorest fifth of the population. The decomposition results show that distributional changes in the population explain the increase in suicide inequality and partly explain the increase in psychiatric inpatient diagnosis inequality. However, overall, only small changes in the level of mental ill-health and mental health inequalities are explained by changes in the population characteristics we study.
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