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- Lerner, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Veterinary surgeons attitudes towards physician-assisted suicide: an empirical study of Swedish experts on euthanasia
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0306-6800 .- 1473-4257. ; 37:5, s. 295-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To examine the hypothesis that knowledge about physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia is associated with a more restrictive attitude towards PAS. Design A questionnaire about attitudes towards PAS, including prioritisation of arguments pro and contra, was sent to Swedish veterinary surgeons. The results were compared with those from similar surveys of attitudes among the general public and physicians. Participants All veterinary surgeons who were members of the Swedish Veterinary Association and had provided an email address (n=2421). Main outcome measures Similarities or differences in response pattern between veterinary surgeons, physicians and the general public. Results The response pattern among veterinary surgeons and the general public was almost similar in all relevant aspects. Of the veterinarians 75% (95% CI 72% to 78%) were in favour of PAS, compared with 73% (95% CI 69% to 77%) among the general public. Only 10% (95% CI 5% to 15%) of the veterinary surgeons were against PAS, compared with 12% (95% CI 5% to 19%) among the general public. Finally, 15% (95% CI 10% to 21%) of veterinarians were undecided, compared with 15% (95% CI 8% to 22%) among the general public. Physicians had a more restrictive attitude to PAS than the general public. Conclusions Since veterinary surgeons have frequent practical experience of euthanasia in animals, they do have knowledge about what euthanasia really is. Veterinary surgeons and the general public had an almost similar response pattern. Accordingly it seems difficult to maintain that knowledge about euthanasia is unambiguously associated with a restrictive attitude towards PAS.
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| 2. |
- Handlin, Linda
(författare)
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Human-Human and Human-Animal Interaction : Some Common Physiological and Psychological Effects
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to investigate hormonal and physiological effects in mothers during a breastfeeding session and in dogs and their owners in response to short-term interaction. In study one, sixty-six mothers receiving either exogenous oxytocin infusion and/or epidural analgesia (EDA) during labor or intramuscular oxytocin injection post partum were studied. Oxytocin, prolactin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, as well as blood pressure were measured during a breastfeeding session two days after birth. In response to breastfeeding two days after birth, the mothers displayed a pulsatile release of oxytocin and increasing prolactin levels. In addition, the activity in the HPA-axis was reduced and maternal blood pressure decreased. The results also show that EDA administration in combination with oxytocin during labor resulted insignificantly lower oxytocin levels and higher cortisol levels, as well as higher bloodpressure in response to breastfeeding two days after birth, compared to EDA administration alone. In addition, oxytocin infusions dose-dependently lowered the mothers’ endogenous oxytocin levels two days after birth. In study two, ten female dog owners and their male Labrador dogs participated, together with ten controls. Their levels of oxytocin, cortisol and insulin, as well as their heart rate, were measured. The connection between the quality of the dogowner relationship and hormone levels was also explored. Short-term interaction between dogs and their owners resulted in oxytocin release in both species and their cortisol levels and heart rate were also affected. Oxytocin levels and positive attitudes regarding the dog-owner relationship were positively correlated. In conclusion, both human-human and human-animal interactions induce oxytocin release and promote oxytocin mediated effects, such as decreasing cortisol levels and blood pressure. In addition, social interaction and oxytocin levels arepositively related.
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| 6. |
- Algers, Bo
(författare)
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Priset för den billiga maten
- 2011
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Ingår i: Upsala nya tidning. - 1104-0173.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Garcia, Emanuell, et al.
(författare)
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Intensity of Oestrus Signalling Is the Most Relevant Indicator for Animal Well-Being in High-Producing Dairy Cows
- 2011
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Ingår i: Veterinary Medicine International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-8113 .- 2042-0048. ; 2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Full signalling of oestrous behaviour is vital for proper timing of AI and good reproductive performance, currently jeopardized by shorter observations of oestrus behaviour. Alternative indicators including progesterone (P4) recordings on-farm are tested. Oestrous intensity of 37 heifers (H) and 30 1st-parity dairy cows (C1) either Swedish Red (32) or Swedish Holstein (35) with high genetic potential for milk production, was studied in relation to AI. P4-levels in blood or milk were monitored on-farm at 0, 7, and 20 d post-AI with a portable ELISA reader (eProCheck800). Avoidance distance and body condition were scored at day 7, and pregnancy diagnosed by P4 (day 20) and trans-rectal palpation (day 50). More heifers (46%) than C1-cows (10%) showed standing oestrus (strongest intensity, ?<0.05), leading to higher pregnancy rate at d50 (72% versus 37% for C1, ?<0.01) and calving rate (H: 64%, C1: 33%, ?<0.05). Avoidance distances were short (<1 m), reflecting good human-animal interaction. Visually-recorded standing oestrus yielded 4.8 fold higher odds of pregnancy, respectively 4.6-fold higher odds of calving. On-farm P4-recordings had complementary value yet less accuracy. Intensity of oestrus signalling relates to animal well-being, reflected in pregnancy-to-term being a good indicator for optimal welfare in high-producing dairy cattle.
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| 10. |
- Garcia, Emanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Oestrous intensity is positively associated with reproductive outcome in high-producing dairy cows
- 2011
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 139:3, s. 191-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- his study tested whether strong oestrus symptoms are linked to low lameness score, acceptable pregnancy and calving rates in heifers and first parity dairy cows with a high genetic potential for milk production. In a single Swedish nucleus herd for genetic selection and testing, oestrous intensity was determined by detailed observations of 67 females, balanced in terms of age and breed (37 heifers and 30 first-parity cows; 32 Swedish Red cows and 35 Swedish Holsteins). Animals were inseminated with semen of proven quality on the day of detected oestrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 50 by trans-rectal palpation. More heifers than cows exhibited a strong standing oestrus (46 vs. 10%, Pandlt;0.05). The pregnancy rate at day 50 was higher among heifers than cows (72 vs. 37%. Pandlt;0.01), as well as the calving rate (64 vs. 33%, Pandlt;0.05). Standing oestrus was associated with 4.6 to 4.8-fold higher odds of pregnancy and calving, compared to weaker or solely secondary oestrous signs. Lameness decreased the odds of pregnancy 5.1 times and of calving 3.5 times, but no significant association between lameness and oestrus intensity was found. In conclusion, intensive oestrus signalling and non-lameness relate to high reproductive performance in high-producing dairy cattle.
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