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- Nilsson, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of non-coagulating milk and effects of milk composition and physical properties on rennet-induced coagulation in Swedish Red Dairy Cattle
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Dairy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-6946 .- 1879-0143. ; 95, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-coagulating milk is a serious problem in the cheese industry, since it decreases cheese yield, resulting in decreased economic output. This study evaluated rennet-induced coagulation properties and composition of milk from individual Swedish Red Dairy Cattle. Milk samples from 679 individual cows were rheologically evaluated, of which 18.1% of the cows produced non-coagulating milk and 18.9% produced poor-coagulating milk. This resulted in 37% of the milk samples being non-optimal in cheese production, which is an alarmingly high figure. A comparison between non-coagulating and coagulating milk showed a significantly lower calcium content and less free Ca 2+ in non-coagulating milk. The results provide more information about non- and poor-coagulating milk and will be further used to understand the genetic background of non-coagulating milk and breed against this undesired milk property.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Sven Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Breeding for public health : A strategy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053. ; 80, s. 131-140
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Plant and animal breeding can contribute to promote human health by providing new and healthier food products that farmers can produce in an economically viable way and consumers will choose to buy and eat. However, this can only be achieved if breeding makes full use of knowledge about nutrition, consumer behaviour, farming and agricultural economics, A strategy is needed for breeding for public health. Scope and Approach: A multidisciplinary group of researchers has developed a strategy for plant and animal breeding for public health. The group includes experts in plant breeding, animal breeding, food science, nutrition science, clinical nutrition, agricultural economics, consumer research, and ethics. Key Findings and Conclusions: An outline is proposed of a strategy for breeding for public health. It aims at improving public health in both low- and high-income countries. To prevent chronic disease, the highest priority should be to develop healthy variants of traditional food items that can be introduced universally, i.e. completely replace the older, less healthy variants. In particular in low-income countries, food products with enhanced micronutrient content are urgently needed. In all countries, crops with improved fatty acid composition can contribute substantially to improved public health. A reasonable second priority is products that may not be suitable for universal introduction but will expectedly be demanded by large groups of consumers. One example could be diminishing the energy density of traditional foodstuffs by reducing their fat, sugar, and starch content and increasing their dietary fibre content, Changes in the current organization of the market for farm products are needed to encourage the production of healthier foodstuffs.
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| 3. |
- Welderufael, Berihu, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous genetic evaluation of simulated mastitis susceptibility and recovery ability using a bivariate threshold sire model
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 66:3, s. 125-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop a new approach for joint genetic evaluation of mastitis and recovery. Two mastitis incidences (0.28 and 0.95) measured via somatic cell count and three between traits genetic correlations (0.0, 0.2, and -0.2) were simulated for daughter group sizes of 60 and 240. A transition model was applied to model transitions between healthy and disease state. The RJMC package in DMU was used to estimate (co)variances. Heritabilities were consistent with the simulated value (0.039) for susceptibility and a bit upward biased for recovery. Estimates of genetic correlations were -0.055, 0.205, and -0.192 for the simulated values of 0.0, 0.2, and -0.2, respectively. For daughter group size of 60, accuracies of sire EBV ranged from 0.56 to 0.69 for mastitis and from 0.26 to 0.48 for recovery. The study demonstrated that both traits can be modeled jointly and simulated correlations could be correctly reproduced.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- De Koning, Dirk-Jan
(författare)
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Accuracy of genomic prediction using low-density marker panels
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 94, s. 3642-3650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genomic selection has been widely implemented in national and international genetic evaluation in the dairy cattle industry, because of its potential advantages over traditional selection methods and the availability of commercial high-density (HD) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels. However, this method may not be cost-effective for cow selection and for other livestock species, because the cost of HD SNP panels is still relatively high. One possible solution that can enable other species to benefit from this promising method is genomic selection with low-density (LD) SNP panels. In this simulation study, LD SNP panels designed with different strategies and different SNP densities were compared. The effects of number of quantitative trait loci, heritability, and effective population size were evaluated in the framework of genomic selection with LD SNP panels. Methodologies of Bayesian variable selection; BLUP with a trait-specific, marker-derived relationship matrix; and BLUP with a realized relationship matrix were employed to predict genomic estimated breeding values with both HD and LD SNP panels. Up to 95% of accuracy obtained by using an HD panel can be obtained by using only a small proportion of markers. The LD panel with markers selected on the basis of their effects always performs better than the LD panel with evenly spaced markers. Both the genetic architecture of the trait and the effective population size have a significant effect on the performance of the LD panels. We concluded that, to implement genomic selection with LD panels, a training population of sufficient size and genotyped with an HD panel is necessary. The trade-off between the LD panels with evenly spaced markers and selected markers must be considered, which depends on the number of target traits in a breeding program and the genetic architecture of these traits. Genomic selection with LD panels could be feasible and cost-effective, though before implementation, a further detailed genetic and economic analysis is recommended.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- De Koning, Dirk-Jan
(författare)
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QTL affecting morphometric traits and stress response in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 319, s. 58-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is an important aquaculture species that has only been subject to an incipient selective breeding programme. This study, which examined the genetic architecture of seabream morphology and stress response to confinement, takes a step toward the use of marker assisted selection in this species. Major loci affecting these traits were mapped, using data from 460 offspring derived from seven paternal and 73 maternal half-sib families. Fish were killed following a four-hour confinement experiment to induce stress, after which 15 morphometric measurements were collected and blood was sampled for DNA extraction and plasma cortisol level determination. Heritabilities for the morphometric traits were moderate to high (0.24-0.58), with genetic and phenotypic correlations between the traits generally very high. However, the heritability of plasma cortisol level was not significantly different from zero.A population-specific genetic linkage map was built for 56 microsatellite markers. comprising 16 linkage groups (LG) and ten unlinked markers. Half-sib and variance components QTL analyses detected a single genome-wide significant QTL (SaimbcF7b), a single unlinked marker explaining 13-23% of the phenotypic variance in the majority of the morphometric traits. Several other putative QTL were identified for morphometric traits (on LG 4a, 7, 9, 18, A, C, F and I), along with two other QTL (LG10 and B) that were suggestive for stress response. Fitting body weight as a covariate for the morphometric traits resulted in three genome-wide significant QTL affecting aspects of body shape independent of overall body size. For stress response we only identified suggestive evidence for QTL. These findings contribute to understanding the genetic regulation of important economic traits in seabream. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Kurta, Khrystyna, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal and age-related changes in sperm quality of farmed arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2164. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Substantial variation in male fertility is regularly observed in farmed Arctic charr. However, detailed investigations of its fluctuation during a reproductive season and across years are lacking. Furthermore, information about the effect of underlying genetic factors influencing sperm quality is scarce. The current study focused on seasonal and age-related factors that may affect sperm quality characteristics in males reared in natural and delayed photoperiods. Animals were sampled three times for two consecutive years, and sperm quality parameters were recorded using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Thereafter, high-throughput sequencing technologies were applied, aiming to identify genomic regions related to the variation of sperm quality throughout the reproductive season.Results An across-season variation in the recorded sperm quality parameters was evident. Overall, 29% and 42% of males from the natural and delayed spawning groups had a highly variable total progressive motility. Males at four years of age showed significantly higher sperm motility and velocities during the early October and November recordings compared to the following year when the same animals were five years of age. On the other hand, the opposite was observed regarding sperm concentration during the last sampling. A genome-wide F-ST scan detected SNP differentiation among males with high and low variability in total progressive motility (PM) on eight chromosomes (F-ST > 0.17), Genome wide windows with the highest F-ST contained SNPs in proximity (within 250 kb up- and downstream distance) to 16 genes with sperm quality biological functions in mammalian species.Conclusion Our findings provide a detailed view of seasonal, age-related, and genetic effects on sperm quality and can be used to guide decisions on broodstock selection and hatchery management.
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