| 11. |
- Ilver, D, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori adhesin binding fucosylated histo-blood group antigens revealed by retagging
- 1998
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 279:5349, s. 373-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent for peptic ulcer disease. Bacterial adherence to the human gastric epithelial lining is mediated by the fucosylated Lewis b (Leb) histo-blood group antigen. The Leb-binding adhesin, BabA, was purified by receptor activity-directed affinity tagging. The bacterial Leb-binding phenotype was associated with the presence of the cag pathogenicity island among clinical isolates of H. pylori. A vaccine strategy based on the BabA adhesin might serve as a means to target the virulent type I strains of H. pylori.
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| 12. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Central nervous system and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (European type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome)
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Infection. - 0163-4453 .- 1532-2742. ; 36:2, s. 149-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Central nervous system (CNS) - related symptoms occur in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). To study the CNS and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (NE), the European type of HFRS, we included 26 patients in a prospective study. Most common CNS-related symptoms were headache (96%), insomnia (83%), vertigo (79%), nausea (79%), and vomiting (71%). Ophthalmic symptoms were reported by 82% of patients; 41% had photophobia and 50% had impaired vision. A transient loss of vision was recorded in one patient, who also had a generalized seizure. Minor white matter lesions were found in about half of the patients investigated with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electroencephalography (EEG) showed severe alterations in only one patient, and slight and reversible patterns in another two patients. Neopterin, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were elevated, which may indicate immune activation. However, we found no evidence of intrathecal NE virus replication. We conclude that CNS-related symptoms are common in NE, and transient ophthalmic involvement can be demonstrated in about half of the patients.
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| 13. |
- Bodlund, Owe, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the self-report questionnaire DIP-Q in diagnosing DSM-IV personality disorders : a comparison of three psychiatric samples.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 97:6, s. 433-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DSM-IV section of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Questionnaire (DIP-Q) was used to screen for personality disorders in 448 subjects from three clinical samples (general and forensic psychiatric patients and candidates for psychotherapy) and a sample of 139 healthy volunteers. Differences between the samples with regard to patterns of personality pathology in relation to concurrent Axis I disorders and sociodemographic variables were analysed. The prevalence of personality disorders according to DIP-Q was 14% among the healthy volunteers, compared to 59% in the general psychiatric sample, 68% in the forensic psychiatric sample and up to 90% among psychotherapy candidates. Moreover, from a dimensional perspective (i.e. the number of fulfilled Axis II criteria), all clinical groups differed significantly from the control group in all specified personality dimensions and clusters. Dimensional DIP-Q cluster scores also discriminated significantly between the three clinical samples. Unexpectedly, the odds ratio for an Axis II disorder was nearly five times higher among psychotherapy applicants than among general psychiatric patients, independent of concomitant Axis I disorders, gender or age. The strongest association between DIP-Q score and Axis I disorders was found for depressive disorders, which more than doubled the odds ratio for a personality disorder diagnosis. This association could result from high true comorbidity, but could also be due to the fact that a concomitant depressive state can increase self-reported personality difficulties. The high prevalence among psychotherapy candidates may to some extent reflect help-seeking exaggeration of problems. These are aspects to consider when using the DIP-Q, which overall appears to discriminate well between different samples.
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| 14. |
- Colliander, Erland B, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle strength and endurance after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 164:7, s. 489-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of surgery on muscular strength and endurance in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT).DESIGN: Prospective open study.SETTING: University hospital, Sweden.SUBJECTS: Nine patients undergoing HPT surgery and nine matched patients undergoing thyroid resection who acted as controls.INTERVENTIONS: Concentric and eccentric endurance was evaluated with a test comprising 100 repeatedly executed muscle action at 90 degrees.s-1. Blood samples obtained before and after operation were analysed for calcium, phosphate, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak torque during maximum voluntary concentric and eccentric muscle actions at 90 degrees.s-1 before, three months and one year after operation.RESULTS: There were no differences in concentric and eccentric peak torque before and after operation either within or between groups. Concentric and eccentric endurance were similar in the HPT group and controls before as well as after operation. The return of calcium and PTH concentrations to their reference ranges after parathyroidectomy did not correlate with changes in concentric and eccentric peak torque.CONCLUSIONS: The subjective improvement in muscle endurance which is often encountered in patients with HPT after operation is not associated with an objective increase in muscle strength or endurance as measured by isokinetic muscle performance.
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| 15. |
- Hawton, K, et al.
(författare)
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Relation between attempted suicide and suicide rates among young people in Europe.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 52:3, s. 191-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rates of attempted suicide and suicide in the young covary. The recent increase in attempted suicide rates in young male subjects in several European countries could herald a further increase in suicide rates.
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| 16. |
- Kullgren, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide among personality-disordered offenders : a follow-up study of 1943 male criminal offenders.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 33 Suppl 1, s. S102-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicide mortality among all male criminal offenders in Sweden who had been subjected to a major forensic psychiatric examination 1988-1991 (n = 1943) was studied, with special reference to offenders with personality disorders. The cohort was followed until the end of 1995. Altogether 135 individuals (6.9%) died during the follow-up period; the mode of death was suicide in 50 individuals (2.6%). The unadjusted suicide mortality ranged from 2.8% among those with personality disorders to 6.1% among those with drug-related psychosis. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) among personality-disordered offenders was 1212, i.e. around 12 times that of the general population. Survival analyses by means of Cox regression models were performed to identify background factors associated with completed suicide. No specific principal diagnosis showed significantly increased risk for completed suicide. However, concomitant depression and drug abuse were significantly linked to suicide. Violent crime showed no association. Among personality-disordered offenders suicide methods did not differ from those of suicide victims in the general population. There was no association between violent index criminality or between life-time violent criminality and choice of a violent suicide method.
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| 17. |
- Rudberg, S, et al.
(författare)
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Familial and perinatal risk factors for micro- and macroalbuminuria in young IDDM patients.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 47:7, s. 1121-1126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that hereditary risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as intrauterine growth may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we investigated the influence of familial and perinatal risk factors on the occurrence of micro- and macroalbuminuria in young IDDM patients. A cohort of 1,150 young patients with > or =5 years' duration of IDDM was screened for microalbuminuria. Data on family history of hypertension, CVD, IDDM, and NIDDM; perinatal factors such as birth weight, gestational age, and duration of breastfeeding; and maternal education, smoking, hypertension, and proteinuria during pregnancy were collected. We identified 75 patients with an albumin excretion rate > or =15 microg/min in more than two overnight urinary samples and compared them in a nested case-control study with three normoalbuminuric control subjects per patient from the same cohort, matched for diabetes duration. Perinatal factors were analyzed in all patients born at term (+/- 2 weeks), 59 of the 75 patients and 155 of the 225 control subjects. In univariate analysis, hypertension in parents (odds ratio [OR] 4.21), CVD in parents and grandparents (OR 1.26), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 3.21), and a low level of maternal education (OR 2.33) were significantly associated with the development of micro- and macroalbuminuria. When adjusted for other familial and perinatal factors, current mean blood pressure, HbA1c, smoking, BMI, sex, age, and postpubertal diabetes duration, using logistic regression analyses, only parental hypertension in all patients and maternal smoking during pregnancy and low level of maternal education in full-term patients were independent risk factors. When patients with poor glycemic control were analyzed separately, familial CVD, poor metabolic control, parental hypertension, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and level of maternal education were independent risk factors, with the adjusted OR markedly increased, compared with the matched subgroup with better HbA1c. In conclusion, familial hypertension and CVD, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and low level of maternal education may independently increase the risk for incipient nephropathy in full-term offspring who later develop IDDM. Current poor glycemic control seemed to increase the effect of these risk factors.
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| 18. |
- Ryan, M, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct T-cell subtypes induced with whole cell and acellular pertussis vaccines in children.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0019-2805 .- 1365-2567. ; 93:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that new generation acellular pertussis vaccines can confer protection against whooping cough. However, the mechanism of protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis infection induced by vaccination remains to be defined. We have examined cellular immune responses in children immunized with a range of acellular and whole cell pertussis vaccines. Immunization of children with a potent whole-cell vaccine induced B. pertussis-specific T cells that secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin-5 (IL-5). In contrast, T cells from children immunized with acellular pertussis vaccines secreted IFN-gamma and/or IL-5 following stimulation with B. pertussis antigens in vitro. These observations suggest that protective immunity conferred by whole-cell vaccines, like natural immunity, is mediated by type 1 T cells, whereas the mechanism of immune protection generated with acellular vaccines may be more heterogeneous, involving T cells that secreted type 1 and type 2 cytokines.
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| 19. |
- Samanci, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological administration of granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor is of significant importance for the induction of a strong humoral and cellular response in patients immunized with recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-7004 .- 1432-0851. ; 47:3, s. 131-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eighteen colorectal carcinoma patients without macroscopic disease after surgery were immunized using recombinant (r) human (h) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with (n=9) or without (n=9) the addition of soluble granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The dose of rhCEA per immunization was 100 microg (n=6), 316 microg (n=6) or 1000 microg (n=6). rhCEA was given s.c. on day 1 and 80 microg/day of GM-CSF s.c. on days 1-4. The schedule was repeated six times during a period of 9 months. All patients in the GM-CSF group developed a strong rhCEA-dose-dependent IgG antibody response while only one-third of the non-GM-CSF patients mounted a weak antibody response. All patients (9/9) in the GM-CSF group developed a strong rhCEA-specific proliferative T cell response as well as type I T cells (interferon gamma secretion). In 45% of the patients also a weak type II T cell response (interleukin-4 secretion) was evoked. Both MHC-class-I- and -II restricted rhCEA-specific T cells were noted. A specific cellular response (proliferation and/or cytokine secretion) against native hCEA could be found in 8/9 patients in the GM-CSF group, although at a significantly lower level than against rhCEA. In the non-GM-CSF group a weak rhCEA-specific T cell response was induced. Three patients had a proliferative response, 4 patients type I T cells and 6 patients type II T cells. No signs of autoimmune reactions were noted. Local pharmacological administration of GM-CSF seemed to be a prerequisite for the induction of a strong immunity against baculovirus-produced hCEA protein. However, the cellular response against native CEA was of a significantly lower magnitude.
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| 20. |
- Uddhammar, A, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokines and adhesion molecules in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica
- 1998
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Ingår i: British Journal of Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0263-7103 .- 1460-2172. ; 37:7, s. 766-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble E-selectin were measured in 15 patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) before and after 3 months of corticosteroid therapy. Both IL-6 and IL-1ra were significantly increased in untreated PMR and remained elevated compared with controls during therapy, although significantly only for sIL-1ra. sICAM-1 was raised in 12/15 (87%) patients at diagnosis and remained high in 10/14 (71%) patients; soluble E-selectin levels were initially raised in 6/15 (40%) patients and decreased with therapy in those with the highest levels. IL-6, IL-1ra and sICAM-1 are sensitive indicators of continuing immunological activation in PMR; the advantages of these markers in assessing the response to therapy should be investigated in a longitudinal study.
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