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- Andersen, Grethe Neumann, et al.
(author)
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Bronchoalveolar matrix metalloproteinase 9 relates to restrictive lung function impairment in systemic sclerosis.
- 2007
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In: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:10, s. 2199-2206
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequently associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) often leading to lung fibrosis. In this study we investigated whether matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and its natural inhibitor; the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), would be associated with remodelling in ILD in SSc. Levels of total MMP-9, pro-MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from nine SSc patients with ILD, seven SSc patients without ILD and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Total MMP-9 and pro-MMP-9 levels were significantly elevated in SSc patients with ILD, compared to levels in SSc patients without ILD and healthy controls. In SSc patients with ILD calculated active MMP-9 levels were significantly higher than in SSc patients without ILD and tended to be higher than in healthy controls. TIMP-1 levels were elevated in both patient groups compared to healthy controls. Total-, pro- and active MMP-9 levels as well as pro-MMP-TIMP-1 and active MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were inversely associated with total lung capacity. The present study suggests that MMP-9 plays a pathophysiological role in the remodelling in ILD and lung fibrosis associated with SSc, and may represent a new therapeutic target in this condition.
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| 3. |
- Axenrot, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Multifrequency discrimination of fish and mysids
- 2009
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In: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 66:6, s. 1106-1110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The opossumshrimp (Mysis relicta) is common in many lakes in the northernparts of Eurasia and North America. The shrimp is often an importantlink in the foodweb for fish, either throughout life or in earlylife stages. Generally, quantitative measurements of mysidsin large volumes of water are difficult to obtain with traditionalsampling methods. In this pilot study, measurements of volume-backscatteringstrength (Sv) at 38, 120, and 200 kHz were used to separatebackscattering from fish and mysids. Mysids were sampled withtrawls. Where mysids were caught, the correlations between mysidbiomass (dry weight) and mean Sv at 120 and 200 kHz were positive(r2 = 0.89 and 0.81, respectively). Where mysids were abundant,the Sv exhibited a characteristic frequency response. This wasnot found where mysids were scarce or absent. Therefore, areaswith great abundances of mysids can be identified, and theirbiomasses estimated from data collected during ecosystem monitoring.
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| 4. |
- Behndig, Annelie, et al.
(author)
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Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans.
- 2006
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 27:2, s. 359-365
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pulmonary cells exposed to diesel exhaust (DE) particles in vitro respond in a hierarchical fashion with protective antioxidant responses predominating at low doses and inflammation and injury only occurring at higher concentrations. In the present study, the authors examined whether similar responses occurred in vivo, specifically whether antioxidants were upregulated following a low-dose DE challenge and investigated how these responses related to the development of airway inflammation at different levels of the respiratory tract where particle dose varies markedly. A total of 15 volunteers were exposed to DE (100 microg x m(-3) airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 microm for 2 h) and air in a double-blinded, randomised fashion. At 18 h post-exposure, bronchoscopy was performed with lavage and mucosal biopsies taken to assess airway redox and inflammatory status. Following DE exposure, the current authors observed an increase in bronchial mucosa neutrophil and mast cell numbers, as well as increased neutrophil numbers, interleukin-8 and myeloperoxidase concentrations in bronchial lavage. No inflammatory responses were seen in the alveolar compartment, but both reduced glutathione and urate concentrations were increased following diesel exposure. In conclusion, the lung inflammatory response to diesel exhaust is compartmentalised, related to differing antioxidant responses in the conducting airway and alveolar regions.
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| 10. |
- Bosson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Diesel exhaust exposure enhances the ozone-induced airway inflammation in healthy humans
- 2008
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 31:6, s. 1234-1240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exposure to particulate matter and ozone cause adverse airway reactions. Individual pollutant effects are often addressed separately, despite coexisting in ambient air. The present investigation was performed to study the effects of sequential exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone on airway inflammation in human subjects. Healthy subjects underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial wash (BW) sampling on two occasions. Once following a DE exposure (with 300 mug.m(-3) particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mum) with subsequent exposure to O(3) (0.2 ppm) 5 h later. The other bronchoscopy was performed after a filtered air exposure followed by an ozone exposure, using an identical protocol. Bronchoscopy was performed 24 h after the start of the initial exposure. Significant increases in neutrophil and macrophage numbers were found in BW after DE followed by ozone exposure versus air followed by ozone exposure. DE pre-exposure also raised eosinophil protein X levels in BAL compared with air. The present study indicates additive effects of diesel exhaust on the ozone-induced airway inflammation. Together with similar results from a recent study with sequential diesel exhaust and ozone exposures, the present data stress a need to consider the interaction and cumulative effects of different air pollutants.
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