| 11291. |
- Hu, Guohua, et al.
(författare)
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PERCEPTUAL MISTAKES OF CHINESE TONES IN 2-SYLLABLE WORDS BY SWEDISH LISTENERS
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Tone and Intonation (TIE4).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Earlier studies on the perception of Chinese tones have almost exclusively used 1-syllable words for the listening tests (Kiriloff, 1969; Chuang, 1971; Klatt, 1973; Gandour, 1978). In these earlier studies the misperception between tone 2 and tone 3 has been shown to be the most common. However, no studies that we have found have looked at the perception of 2- syllable words besides Chuang (1971), who only used nonsense words. By tradition the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language has been concentrated on training of perception and production of tones since adult students have been shown to show particular difficulties in perceiving their difference. Experienced teachers have through tests established that this assumption is not valid when it comes to the so-called static tone. When it comes to communicating in Chinese and to be able to use the separate tones it is not enough to know the difference in 1-syllable words especially since most modern words in standard Chinese contains 2 or more. Guo (1993) has shown that the more syllables a word contains the higher ratio of misperceived tones. So far, no investigations for Swedish students have been performed. A possible hypothesis could be that Swedish listeners would perform better due to the Swedish grave and acute accents. By asking experienced teachers in Sweden, we knew that this should not be the case however. The general impressions from teachers are also that Swedish students have the largest proportion misperceptions between tone 2 and 3. To test this we conducted a listening test on 27 native speakers of Swedish (9 bilingual Chinese speakers with native ability in Swedish) on 25 Chinese 2-syllable lexical words with 15 different tone combinations. One male and one female native speaker of Chinese pronounced the words in isolation. The words were taken from a random number of 2-syllable glossary. Each speaker repeated the words once with 1 seconds pause in between the repetition and then 2 seconds pause before the new word. The audio was presented in high quality headphones in the student language lab at the University of Gothenburg. The participants were all second semester students of Chinese and the listening test was also an exam, which made the participants wanting to perform as well as possible. If they wanted they could repeat the sequence as many times as they until satisfied with their answer. The results show that produced tone 1 and tone 2 are confused more than 3 and 4 (tone 4 more than 3, see figure 1). However, the distribution of misperceptions seems to be rather equally distributed if we exclude the static tone (below called 0) in contradiction to earlier studies claiming misperception mostly between tone 2 and 3. However, we also notice that certain types of syllables containing different vowels are misperceived differently. The next step is to figure out if certain syllable nucleuses are more misperceived than others and in certain positions. These conclusions can in the future lead to new approaches when it comes to teaching students production and perception of tones.
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| 11292. |
- Hu, Guohua
(författare)
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Perceptual training for adult Swedish leaners of Chinese
- 2015
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Ingår i: 27th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics, DEPARTMENT OF ASIAN LANGUAGES & CULTURES, UCLA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper will give an overview of how the training process in Chinese perception for Swedish adult learners, based on teaching, is conducted at University of Gothenburg. It does not intend to build up an ideal perception mode. This process contains three phases 1) creating an “in omnibus” language feeling that as much as possible activates the students’ potential perceptual abilities as soon as they are exposed to Chinese; 2) tapping their perceptual abilities for giving full play to their perceptual aptitudes (which requires various pedagogical activities both for group- and individual work), and 3) training the students ultimately to attain a self-monitored and self-conscious learning strategy (Dörnyei & Skehan 2003). At school Swedes start learning English in their third school year. But they have already earlier had many possibilities to experience this major language independently, e.g. through mass media. However, Chinese as a target language in Sweden is not accessed as easily as English. It is therefore necessary for the beginners to experience the prosody of this new language or there is a risk of an overly staccato-like speech production if they are only trained in isolated segments and suprasegmentals. It is also important to foster their perception of social awareness since intonation might have different social functions (politeness, happiness, sorrow, etc.). In the same way we have to train their category competence with a discrete-item method (Flowerdew & Miller 2005:10-11) in order to avoid that much of the input is “filtered out” (Mehlhorn 2008:213). For example, they are asked where they notice pauses, rising or falling tones, a longer duration, etc., especially the differences of these prosodic features of the (supra)segments when they were isolated and in spontaneous speech. An improved method has been developed for dealing with (supra)segmental contrasts in this specific learning context, using a more acoustically-oriented approach to tapping potential perceptual abilities. For example, the students were asked to describe the differences between my Swedish pronunciation of place, seat and their own since there are neither phonemic affricates nor aspiration contrasts in Swedish. As soon as they reported that my Swedish contain more powerful airstream and strong block than theirs they were instructed to put their palm in front of the mouth, then block and release the strong airstream in order to feel the Chinese [ths]. Drawing special attention to allophonic-like variants in both languages can also help to acquire the Chinese sound [ɕ]. Additionally, individual switches between sounds longitudinally were also noticed. As for tone, Chen (2013) has suggested that manual gestures indicating tone movement is an aid for learning tone patterns. For Swedish learners this is probably less important since their mother tongue has a tonal word accent: tone perception can be trained at di- or polysyllabic word level. For example, they were trained whether one this high tone rises earlier than that one within or across syllables. These activities must be very carefully prepared by the teacher and demand teachers with high ambition, excellent pedagogy, and good linguistic ability in both languages, especially if her/his own pronunciation is not blameless. Qualified teaching will come about through the students’ feedback in order to analyze, diagnose, and plan for further coaching. The goal of this perception training is that the students, guided by a teacher, gradually develop their potential perceptual abilities and establish their self-confidence, and finally attain an independent learning strategy. When the students master these steps the method paves the way for a better speech production. References: Chen, C. M. (2013). Gestures as tone markers in multilingual communication. Research in Chinese as a Second Language, 9, 143. Dornyei, Z., & Skehan, P. (2003). 18 Individual Differences in Second Language Learning. Flowerdew, J., & Miller, L. (2005). Second language listening: Theory and practice. Cambridge University Press. Mehlhorn, G. (2007). Individual pronunciation coaching and prosody. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS STUDIES AND MONOGRAPHS, 186, 211.
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| 11293. |
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| 11294. |
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| 11295. |
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| 11296. |
- Huang, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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The MYR Project (2018-21): Climate smart management practices on Norwegian organic soils
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-7918, 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cultivated organic soils account for∼7% of Norway’s agricultural land area, and they are estimated to be a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project ‘Climate smart management practices on Norwegian organic soils’ (MYR), commissioned by the Research Council of Norway (decision no. 281109), aims to evaluate GHG (e.g. carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) emissions and impacts on biomass productivity from three land use types (cultivated, abandoned and restored) on organic soils. At the cultivated sites, impacts of drainage depth and management intensity will be measured. We established experimental sites in Norway covering a broad range of climate and management regimes, which will produce observational data in high spatio-temporal resolution during 2019-2021. Using state-of-the-art modelling techniques, MYR aims to predict the potential GHG mitigation under different scenarios. Four models (BASGRA, DNDC, Coup and ECOSSE) will be further developed according to the soil properties, and then used independently in simulating biogeochemical processes and biomass dynamics in the different land uses. Robust parameterization schemes for each model will be based in the observational data from the project for both soil and crop combinations. Eventually, a multi-model ensemble prediction will be carried out to provide scenario analyses by 2030 and 2050. By integrating experimental results and modelling, the project aims at generating useful information for recommendations on environment-friendly use of Norwegian peatlands.
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| 11297. |
- Hughes, Owain Rhys, et al.
(författare)
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operAVoX - On PErson RApid VOice eXaminer : High-Quality Voice Analysis Made Easy with OperaVOX™ - the “On PErson RApid VOice eXaminer”
- 2012
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Ingår i: 5th national Conference in Logopedics. ; :5
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At present, objective analysis of voice quality using acoustic parameters is only possible within a voice laboratory using specialist hardware and software. We have developed an easy-to-use portable voice analysis and feedback application running on the Apple iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch. OperaVOX™ combines the signal processing power, easy connectivity, user-friendly interface, high-quality microphones and portability of these handheld devices with novel acoustic voice analysis algorithms to provide a powerful voice quality measurement tool that you can carry in your pocket. OperaVOX™ is designed for anyone who is interested in measuring the quality of their voice, such as a patient recovering following a stroke, a professional voice user such as singers or an aspiring actor. Built into OperaVOX™ are the validated Voice Handicap Index questionnaires and the ability for the user to record their voice for acoustic and perceptual analysis both on board the device and externally in the voice laboratory. Furthermore, the user can instruct OperaVOX™ to automatically and confidentially send these data via email to their speech therapist, voice coach or researcher team. OperaVOX™ makes it easy for everyone to accurately measure changes in the quality of their voice every hour, day, or week and without having to travel to the hospital. Two versions of OperaVOX™ will soon be available on the Apple App Store, one for the general public and another for professionals such as speech and language therapists. We have also worked with world-leading University research teams both in the UK and North America to develop bespoke versions of OperaVOX™ specifically tailored for their research and clinical requirements.
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| 11298. |
- Huhtamäki, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Tankar som styr kroppen. Instruktioner med verbet 'tänka' vid personlig träning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenskan i Finland 19. Föredrag vid den nittonde sammankomsten för beskrivningen av svenskan i Finland Vasa den 6–7 maj 2021 / Siv Björklund, Bodil Haagensen, Marianne Nordman och Anders Westerlund (red.). - Vasa : Svensk-Österbottniska Samfundet. - 2489-4338 .- 2489-4346. - 9789526965048
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fokus för den här undersökningen ligger på instruktioner som uttalas av den personliga tränaren och riktar sig till motionären och som innehåller verbet 'tänka' i någon form. Exempel på sådana är 'tänk på handlederna', 'nu tänker du på magen' och 'tänk på att du ska va helt rak också'. Vi studerar med vilka verbala, prosodiska och kroppsliga drag PT:n realiserar instruktionerna samt jämför ett finlandssvenskt och ett sverigesvenskt delmaterial. Vi undersöker instruktionerna ur ett såväl kvantitativt som kvalitativt perspektiv. Liksom i vår studie av frasformade instruktioner (Huhtamäki m.fl. 2019) använder vi termen instruktion som en överkategori för diverse språkliga handlingar som inbegriper uppmaningar, direktiv och kombinationer av dessa med motiverande handlingar.
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| 11299. |
- Hui, X, et al.
(författare)
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The outdoor soundscape design of Swedish hospitals
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ninth European Conference on Noise Control (Euronoise) 2012, 10-13 June, Prague, Czech Republic. - 2226-5147. - 9788001050132
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 11300. |
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