| 177641. |
- Landin, Anne
(författare)
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Impact of Quality Management in the Swedish Construction Process
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the past few years, extensive effort has been devoted to developing quality systems as an integral part of the process in the construction sector. The construction process is complex, involving many different actors with different interests. The demand for quality assurance comes primarily from central authorities via the client, but quality systems should be applied throughout the whole chain and all actors involved in the process. The aim of this study was to investigate how the concept of quality management is being adopted in the construction process and the impact it has had so far. The work associated with quality management was studied in several companies chosen from different categories in order to cover the whole construction process. Companies representing clients, architectual/engineering-companies as well as different types of contractors were studied. The main method used in this thesis was the collection of data by interviews and sorting of these data into the same system as the ISO 9001 standard, together with the use of key factors. With this method, it was possible to search for patterns that could describe the general activities associated with quality management in the construction process. The results of these studies show that quality management appears to be considered primarily as a means of increasing effectiveness and enhancing competitive advantage. Apart from this, the demand of the customer for quality systems may be another force motivating companies to introduce quality management. It was shown that the most common way of implementing quality systems was by inspections, probably due to client requirements. Extensive systems for inspections were regarded by most companies as one of the major elements in the work associated with quality systems. These inspections were often found to be rather meaningless because companies had problems in finding resources for this type of work. However, over time, it was found that the degree of acceptance regarding the use of the ISO 9001 standard gradually increased. The various parts of the ISO 9001 standard were not regarded by the companies as equally important, and were therefore not used to the same extent. Some requirements of the standard tended to be confused with others, or to be misinterpreted. In conclusion, quality systems based on the ISO 9001 standard in the construction sector are used to varying degrees and the acceptance of the standard is increasing. The connection between the integration of these quality systems into the process and the use of this as the basis for innovation and learning in the further development of the construction sector is, however, neglected and should be considered in the future.
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| 177642. |
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| 177643. |
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| 177644. |
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| 177645. |
- Landin, Cristina, 1984-
(författare)
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AI-Based Methods For Improved Testing of Radio Base Stations : A Case Study Towards Intelligent Manufacturing
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Testing of complex systems may often require the use of tailored-made solutions, expensive testing equipment, large computing capacity, and manual implementation work due to domain uniqueness. The aforementioned test resources are expensive and time-consuming, which makes them good candidates to optimize. A radio base station (RBS) is a complex system. Upon the arrival of new RBS generations, new testing challenges have been introduced that traditional methods cannot cope with. In order to optimize the test process of RBSs, product quality and production efficiency can be studied.Despite that AI techniques are valuable tools for monitoring behavioral changes in various applications, there have not been sufficient research efforts spent on the use of intelligent manufacturing in already existing factories and production lines. The concept of intelligent manufacturing involves the whole system development life-cycle, such as design, production, and maintenance. Available literature about optimization and integration of industrial applications using AI techniques has not resulted in common solutions due to the complexity of the real-world applications, which have their own unique characteristics, e.g., multivariate, non-linear, non-stationary, multi-modal, class imbalance; making it challenging to find generalizable solutions. This licentiate thesis aims to bridge the gap between theoretical approaches and the implementation of real industrial applications. In this licentiate thesis, two questions are explored, namely how well AI techniques can perform and optimize fault detection and fault prediction on the production of RBSs, as well as how to modify learning algorithms in order to perform transfer learning between different products. These questions are addressed by using different AI techniques for test optimization purposes and are examined in three empirical studies focused on parallel test execution, fault detection and prediction, and automated fault localization. For the parallel test execution study, two different approaches were used to find and cluster semantically similar test cases and propose their execution in parallel. For this purpose, Levenshstein distance and two NLP techniques are compared. The results show that cluster-based test scenarios can be automatically generated from requirement specifications and the execution of semantically similar tests can reduce the number of tests by 95\% in the study case if executed in parallel. Study number two investigates the possibility of predicting testing performance outcomes by analyzing anomalies in the test process and classifying them by their compliance with dynamic test limits instead of fixed limits. The performance measures can be modeled using historical data through regression techniques and the classification of the anomalies is learned using support vector machines and convolutional neural networks. The results show good agreement between the actual and predicted learned model, where the root-mean-square error reaches 0.00073. Furthermore, this approach can automatically label the incoming tests according to the dynamic limits, making it possible to predict errors in an early stage of the process. This study contributes to product quality by monitoring the test measurements beyond fixed limits and contributes to making a more efficient testing process by detecting faults before they are measured. Moreover, study two considers the possibility of using transfer learning due to an insufficient number of anomalies in a single product. The last study focuses on root cause analysis by analyzing test dependencies between test measurements using two known correlation-based methods and mutual information to find strength associations between measurements. The contributions of this study are twofold. First, test dependencies between measurements can be found using Pearson and Spearman correlation and MI; and their dependencies can be linear or higher order. Second, by clustering the associated tests, redundant tests are found, which could be used to update the test execution sequence and choose to execute only the relevant tests, hence, making a more efficient production process by saving test time.
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| 177646. |
- Landin, David
(författare)
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Clinical use of prognostic markers in head and neck cancer
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors where squamous cell carcinoma is the most dominant. In 2020, 1640 new cases of HNC were reported in Sweden which accounted for 2.3% of the total cancer incidence. In Sweden, as in other Nordic countries, HNC is a relatively uncommon form of cancer, but in global terms it is a significant group of disease. The dominant etiological factor for HNC is traditionally smoking but in 2007 human papillomavirus (HPV) was recognized as carcinogenic to oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC), which include tonsillar- (TSCC) and base of tongue cancer (BOTSCC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) are small DNA viruses, best known for its role in cervical cancer and its prevention with HPV-vaccines. But they are also linked to the tonsillar cancer and cancer of the base of tongue. Today there are more than 170 known types of HPV, but only a fraction infects the mucosal surfaces and only a few of these types oncogenic. The most common oncogenic types in HNC are HPV 16, 31 and 33. In the last decades there has been a sharp rise in tonsillar cancer and cancer of the base of tongue (TSCC, BOTSCC). HPV is the dominating cause of this. HPV- induced oropharyngeal cancers (OPSCC) correlates strongly to better prognosis. A disease with worse prognosis is hypopharyngeal cancer (HPSCC), here the role of HPV is more unclear. In study 1 we wanted to see if HPV can be used as a marker for OPSCC in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of cervical neck masses. This in a prospective setting where 66 patients with cervical masses were tested for HPV in their FNAC-sample. All 17 patients who had HPV-positive OPSCC as final diagnosis also had HPV in FNAC. No patients with benign neck masses had HPV in FNAC. The challenge of distinguishing a cystic metastasis of an HPV-positive OPSCC from a branchial cleft cyst, which is a benign condition, is well known. It is also known that the neck metastases of HPV-positive OPSCC are HPV-positive and that HPV-DNA in the FNAC correlates to an HPV positive OPSCC. It has not been investigated if HPV-DNA also can be present in benign neck cysts. In study 2 we wanted to see if branchial cleft cysts could be HPV-positive. From 112 patients diagnosed with branchial cleft cyst under the years 2007-2015 DNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded surgically resected material. None of the branchial cleft cysts contained HPV-DNA. In the third study we evaluated the expression of immune related proteins and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor samples compared to normal tissue and in relation to HPV-status and clinical outcome in patients with HPSCC. Fresh frozen tissue from 33 patients were analyzed for protein expression by the Proseek immuno-oncology immunoassay. Tumors, especially HPV-positive, had more immunological activity than normal tissue. In addition to this, 144 formalin-fixed biopsies, from patients with HPSCC, were analyzed for CD8+ TILs in relation to clinical outcome. Patients with high numbers of CD8+TILS hade improved clinical outcome. OPSCC are often diagnosed with presence of metastases in the neck and different strategies has been used for treatment of the neck after radio/chemoradiotherapy, (RT/CRT). The impact of RT/CRT in the tissue of the neck makes surgery of the neck surgically complicated and the risk of long-term side effect increases why more reduced surgery would benefit the patient. I the fourth study all patients diagnosed with TSCC and BOTSCC between 2017 and 2021 in the County of Stockholm were identified through the Swedish Cancer Registry. 217 patients who had post-treatment PET-CT or salvage ND were assessed included for further analysis including HPV and p16 status. Neck dissection was performed in 36 patients due to PET-CT criteria, the result of PET-CT was compared to pathological report from the neck specimen regarding location of metastases with viable cancer. In total, 26/36 patients examined by PET-CT and treated with ND had no sign of viable cancer. In 8/36 patients, the localization of metastasis in histopathological examination and the PET-CT was consistent. Thus, in two of the 10 patients with viable tumor the viable tumor cells was found in cervical lymph nodes other than those seen in PET-CT; both tumors were HPV-DNA and p16-positive. Conclusions for the thesis are: HPV DNA in FNAC of neck masses is a strong indicator of TSCC or BOTSCC and was not present in any benign conditions or other malignant masses. HPV-DNA is absent in FFPEs of branchial cleft cysts. HPSCC have higher expression of immune related protein than normal tissue, and the expression was even higher in HPV-positive tumors. High numbers of CD8+ TILs in HPSCC are related to better clinical outcome. Reduced neck dissection after post treatment PET-CT may be feasible for patients with TSCC or BOTSCC.
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| 177647. |
- Landin, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A Wall Hanging as an Organic Interface
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are developing a dynamic textile wall hanging as an interface to the atmosphere of a room. Atmospheres are elusive. An atmosphere is the result of an ongoing negotiation between the activities in the room and the expression of the material objects, the lighting, the temperature, and the boundaries of the room [4, 8]. The wall hanging will play an active part in that ongoing negotiation. The activities in the room will influence how the textile wall hanging changes structure, form, color, as well as the pace with which it happens, and the activities in the room may in turn be influenced by the expression of the wall hanging.
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| 177648. |
- Landin, Hanna, 1978
(författare)
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Anxiety and trust and other expressions of interaction
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis discusses and explores aesthetics within the field of interaction design. The most important contributions are: a) design experiments, as examples of work exploring aesthetics of interaction, b) a framework and concepts to support reflection on, and the understanding of forms and expressions of interactive computational devices, c) methods and exercises that exemplify how to develop a better sensibility to aesthetics of interaction. The concepts and methods presented aim to contribute to a language that can be used in the design process, in personal reflections, in discussions with colleagues and as a basis for decision making. The background is the need and wish for a richer language in the interaction design process – to be able to put words to, and communicate matters of interaction in a precise way.The thesis presents an alternative approach to the recent trends within the field of interaction design that focus on user experience and aesthetic experience. The framework and concepts introduced are intended to be of use when talking about interaction before there is any, i.e., before any design exists that people can interact with. Therefore, the framework and the concepts do not refer to actual use or people’s experiences. Instead they refer to the device itself, to how the device relates possible interaction to its functions, and how this relation can be expressed in certain context of use. Aesthetics is seen as the whole of how a design relates interaction and function to each other and how that relation is being expressed by and through the design.
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| 177649. |
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| 177650. |
- Landin, Hanna, 1978
(författare)
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Fragile and magical interaction forms: an approach to interaction design aesthetics
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with overlooked and perhaps undesired characteristics that may be induced when designing objects that contain computational technology. Aspects such as trust, dependency and anxiety have been explored through the development of a conceptual framework and through experimental design work, where theoretical and practical work have influenced each other, and affected each others result. The purpose is to broaden the design knowledge within interaction design with a more aesthetics-of-interaction oriented approach. A research program has therefore been formulated, which in combination with the experimental design examples aims to contribute to the development of conceptual tools for interaction designers. The program introduces the notions of fragile and magical interaction forms and the notion of expressions of interaction as a suggestion of a way to handle and look at aesthetic issues of interaction in the design process. Interaction form is a notion that relates spatial and temporal form as well as function and interaction to each other with an emphasis on intended use. Expressions of interaction refer to the way in which the interaction form presents itself during use. It is a matter of a design language similar to the conceptual framework of product semiotics where for example speed can be used to describe the actual physical form of a car. Corresponding notions in interaction design could for instance be trust, dependence or anxiety.
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