| 311. |
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| 312. |
- Lind, M, et al.
(författare)
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The shape of the metabolic memory of HbA(1c): re-analysing the DCCT with respect to time-dependent effects.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 53:6, s. 1093-1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We determined the shape of the metabolic memory of HbA(1c) and its contribution to retinopathy, as well as the importance of reducing HbA(1c) to prevent progression of retinopathy. METHODS: The relative risk contribution of HbA(1c) values at different points in time to current progression of retinopathy was determined in the DCCT patients. RESULTS: HbA(1c) 2 to 3 years earlier had the greatest relative risk contribution to current progression of retinopathy. HbA(1c) up to 5 years earlier made a greater contribution than current values, while values from 8 years earlier still had an important impact. When HbA(1c) had been at 8% for a long period and was subsequently lowered to 7%, the salutary effects did not begin to appear until 2 to 3 years after lowering. The hazard function for a constant level of HbA(1c) increased with time. The numbers needed to treat when reducing HbA(1c) from 8.3% to 8% from diagnosis was estimated to be 1,688 for the first 3 years and 13 for the period 9 to 12 years. Survival functions when reducing HbA(1c) from 8% to 7% show that pre-study glycaemic control dominates the effect on progression of retinopathy during the first years of a trial. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The most harmful effect of hyperglycaemia on progression of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes initially increases, but declines after roughly 5 years. The salutary effect of reducing HbA(1c) accelerates with time and becomes greater in clinical practice than has been previously understood. Clinical trials should preferably be designed for long periods or include patients with low previous glycaemic exposure to distinguish trial effects from those of the metabolic memory.
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| 313. |
- Lind, P. G., et al.
(författare)
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Extracting strong measurement noise from stochastic time series: Applications to empirical data
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. - 1539-3755 .- 2470-0045 .- 2470-0053. ; 81:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a big challenge in the analysis of experimental data to disentangle the unavoidable measurement noise from the intrinsic dynamical noise. Here we present a general operational method to extract measurement noise from stochastic time series even in the case when the amplitudes of measurement noise and uncontaminated signal are of the same order of magnitude. Our approach is based on a recently developed method for a nonparametric reconstruction of Langevin processes. Minimizing a proper non-negative function, the procedure is able to correctly extract strong measurement noise and to estimate drift and diffusion coefficients in the Langevin equation describing the evolution of the original uncorrupted signal. As input, the algorithm uses only the two first conditional moments extracted directly from the stochastic series and is therefore suitable for a broad panoply of different signals. To demonstrate the power of the method, we apply the algorithm to synthetic as well as climatological measurement data, namely, the daily North Atlantic Oscillation index, shedding light on the discussion of the nature of its underlying physical processes.
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| 314. |
- Lindahl, Anton, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The electron affinity of tungsten
- 2010
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6060 .- 1434-6079. ; 60:2, s. 219-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electron affinity of tungsten has been measured using laser photodetachment threshold spectroscopy in a collinear geometry. The electron affinity was determined to 6583.6(6) cm-1 by observing the onset of the process when W- ions in the 6S5/2 ground state are photodetached producing neutral W atoms in the 5D0 ground state. The measured value is in agreement with previous measurements and improves the accuracy by almost two orders of magnitude. Further, a photodetachment signal below the ground state photodetachment threshold was found, which indicates the existence of a bound excited state in W-.
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| 315. |
- Lindfred, Helene, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Parents' views of their child's health and family function in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 99:4, s. 612-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to explore parents' views and agreement of their child's current and future health, as well as the family's functioning in daily life with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: In this study, 119 parents (65 mothers and 54 fathers) of 66 adolescents (11-16 years) with IBD completed a questionnaire regarding their views of their child's IBD and health-related behaviour. Results: The majority of the parents held a positive view of their child's current health status. However, the parents voiced a range of worries about their children's future health and life situation such as fear about the side effects of medication, concerns for future schooling, social life and employment options. Within the families, the parental pairs had more similar views about their child's current health status than about their future health. Factors that affected the parents' views consisted of cohabitation status, i.e. parents not living together, and severe disease course, both correlated with a more negative view of the child's current health and family functioning. Conclusion: The majority of the parents in this study had a largely positive view of their child's current health status, but they expressed concerns about their child's future health. Knowledge about parents' thoughts may be of importance for healthcare teams supporting families with IBD.
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| 316. |
- Lindgren, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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Non-traditional stochastic models for ocean waves
- 2010
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal. Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 185, s. 209-224
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present two flexible stochastic models for 2D and 3D ocean waves with potential to reproduce severe and non-homogeneous sea conditions. The first family consists of generalized Lagrange models for the movements of individual water particles. These models can generate crest-trough and front-back statistically asymmetric waves, with the same degree of asymmetry as measured ocean waves. They are still in the Gaussian family and it is possible to calculate different slope distributions exactly from a wave energy spectrum. The second model is a random field model that is generated by a nested stochastic partial differential equation. This model can be adapted to spatially non-homogeneous sea conditions and it can approximate standard wave spectra. One advantage with this model is that Hilbert space approximations can be used to obtain computationally efficient representations with Markov-type properties that facilitate the use of sparse matrix techniques in simulation and estimation.
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| 317. |
- Lindroth, Peter, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Approximating the Pareto Optimal Set using a Reduced Set of Objective Functions
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Operational Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-2217. ; 207:3, s. 1519-1534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-world applications of multi-objective optimization often involve numerous objective functions. But while such problems are in general computationally intractable, it is seldom necessary to determine the Pareto optimal set exactly. A significantly smaller computational burden thus motivates the loss of precision if the size of the loss can be estimated. We describe a method for finding an optimal reduction of the set of objectives yielding a smaller problem whose Pareto optimal set w.r.t. a discrete subset of the decision space is as close as possible to that of the original set of objectives. Utilizing a new characterization of Pareto optimality and presuming a finite decision space, we derive a program whose solution represents an optimal reduction. We also propose an approximate, computationally less demanding formulation which utilizes correlations between the objectives and separates into two parts. Numerical results from an industrial instance concerning the configuration of heavy-duty trucks are also reported, demonstrating the usefulness of the method developed. The results show that multi-objective optimization problems can be significantly simplified with an induced error which can be measured.
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| 318. |
- Linton, Johan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Göteborg i bilder : 1912-1951
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psykoanalytisk Tid/Skrift. - 1650-7398. ; :32-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 319. |
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| 320. |
- Ljungberg, Daniel, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Academic involvement in firm patenting: A study of firms’ academic patents in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Druid Summer Conference London.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the characteristics and impact of academic involvement in industrial invention processes by comparing firms partly university-invented patents, so-called academic patents , with their non-academic patents. In contrast to previous research that studies university-owned patents, this approach allows us to analyze the relative contribution, in terms of patent importance, of academics to industrial inventions. The empirical analysis in this paper is based on a database of Swedish academic patents. Our results indicate that academic involvement mainly takes place in inventions highly related to the technology base, where firms have high existing competencies and much experience. Moreover, in marginal technological fields, academic patents seem to be associated with higher probability of novelty and higher technological impact as compared to non-academic patents. In contrast, academic patents in core technological fields are associated with lower technological impact.
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