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  • Resultat 731071-731080 av 1641140
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731071.
  • Junique, Stephan, et al. (författare)
  • GaAs-based multiple-quantum-well spatial light modulators fabricated by a wafer-scale process
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 44:9, s. 1635-1641
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The design, fabrication, and characterization of large, two-dimensional multiple-quantum-well modulator arrays are presented. Such arrays present a speed advantage compared with competing technologies such as liquid crystals and micromirrors, which are intrinsically limited to the kilohertz range. We discuss the design compromises to reach high-contrast, low-voltage swing optical structures compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based integrated circuits and present experimental results. Contrast ratio of 5:1 (limited by the fill factor), variations in uniformity below 1 nm, and frame rates in excess of 10 kHz are demonstrated. Technology maturity for volume production is also discussed.
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731072.
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731073.
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731074.
  • Junique, Stephane, et al. (författare)
  • Large–area, three–state, binary amplitude and binary phase vertical–cavity multiple quantum well electroabsorption modulator
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 15:14, s. 8566-8575
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present the design and characterization of a large optical modulator array based on GaAs multiple quantum wells for amplitude and phase modulation. The device shows two high-reflectance states with a phase difference close to 180 degrees for use as a binary phase modulator. It also shows a third, low-reflectance state for use as an amplitude modulator. It is segmented into 64 pixels in a single row, giving an active area of 2mm x 5mm. We discuss the device performance as a ternary binary amplitude and binary phase modulator, including contrast ratio and uniformity, and show that a voltage swing of only 5V is needed to drive it.
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731075.
  • Junique, Stéphane, et al. (författare)
  • Multiple quantum well spatial light modulators design-fabrication-characterization
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - San Diego, CA : SPIE. ; , s. 62-71
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multiple quantum well spatial light modulators (MQW SLMs) are promising devices for future high-speed applications. We present results obtained with a single-pixel amplitude modulator. We discuss the status of our work on a 128x—128-pixel ternary SLM. This SLM will run at 10 kHz and have one low-reflectance level and two high reflectance levels with a phase difference of Ï€. We also present a study of the relation between the coding domain and the structural design of modulators.
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731076.
  • Junique, Stéphane (författare)
  • Surface-normal multiple quantum well electroabsorption modulators : for optical signal processing and asymmetric free-space communication
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Electroabsorption is the physical phenomenon by which the absorption of light in a medium can be controlled by applying an electric field. The Quantum–Confined Stark Effect, which makes the absorption band–edge in quantum wells very field–dependent, together with the strong absorption peak provided by excitons, are the physical foundations for the success of electroabsorption modulators based on quantum well structures in telecommunication networks. This thesis describes the design and fabrication of surface–normal electroabsorption modulation devices. The techniques needed to understand the design and fabrication of surface–normal multiple quantum well optical modulators are introduced, as are the various characterisation techniques used during and after the fabrication. Devices for several types of applications have been designed, fabricated, characterised and in some cases integrated into optical systems: – Two–dimensional arrays of 128´128 pixel amplitude modulators grown on GaAs substrates have been fabricated and characterised. Speeds of up to 11700 frames per second were demonstrated, limited by the output electronics of the computer interface. – Large–area modulators grown on GaAs substrates for free–space optical communication were developed, with an active area of 2cm2 and a modulation speed of several megahertz. Contrast ratios up to 5:1 on full modulator areas were measured. Problems limiting the yield and modulation speed of such devices have been studied, and solutions to overcome them have been demonstrated. – Large–area devices grown on InP substrates for free–space optical communication have been developed. Contrast ratios of up to 2:1 for transmissive types have been demonstrated. – Devices consisting of two rows of pixels, grown on GaAs substrates, with an active area of 22mm´5mm, divided into 64 or 128 pixels per row have been developed. These amplitude modulation devices were designed for optical signal processing applications. – One variant of these optical signal processing devices was also characterised as a ternary, binary amplitude and binary phase modulator array. – The use of GaAs multiple quantum well optical modulators in a free–space optical retro–communication system has been studied. An opto–mechanical design for a modulating retro–reflector is described, allowing a large field of view in one direction using reflecting, resonant–cavity modulators for high contrast ratios.
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731077.
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731078.
  • Junis Rindermann, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Dependence of Resonance Energy Transfer on Exciton Dimensionality
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 107:23, s. 236805-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigate the dependence of resonance energy transfer from Wannier-Mott excitons to an organic overlayer on exciton dimensionality. We exploit the excitonic potential disorder in a single quantum well to tune the balance between localized and free excitons by scaling the Boltzmann distribution of excitons through temperature. Theoretical calculations predict the experimentally observed temperature dependence of resonance energy transfer and allow us to quantify the contribution of localized and free excitons. We show that free excitons can undergo resonance energy transfer with an order of magnitude higher rate compared to localized excitons, emphasizing the potential of hybrid optoelectronic devices utilizing resonance energy transfer as a means to overcome charge transfer related limitations.
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731079.
  • Juniusdottir, Ragnheidur, et al. (författare)
  • Composition of school meals in Sweden, Finland and Iceland : Official guidelines and comparison with practice and availability
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of School Health. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-4391 .- 1746-1561. ; 88:10, s. 744-753
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Nutritious and attractive school meals can improve health equality and public health. Current official guidelines and recommendations on food and nutrient composition of school meals in 3 Nordic countries; Sweden, Finland, and Iceland, are described and compared with actual practice, ie, availability of foods and nutrients in served reference meals in 3 selected areas in each country.METHODS: A country comparison was made between official guidelines, and actual practice was studied in participating schools. Reference portions of school meals (N = 170) provided in 24 compulsory schools were photographed and weighed. Food and nutrient availability were compared with official guidelines in each country.RESULTS: Emphasis of recommendations on whole‐grain bread in Sweden, whole grains in Finland, and fish in Iceland were reflected in food availability. The energy content of the meals provided was lower than guidelines and there was a large variation in energy content between days.CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines regarding food availability were quite well followed, but the large variation in energy and nutrient content of provided school meals between days indicates a need for standardization.
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731080.
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