| 112321. |
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| 112322. |
- Langniss, Ole
(författare)
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Instruments to foster renewable energy investments in Europe
- 1996
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481. ; 9:1-4, s. 1112-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since capital needs are high when investing in Renewable Energy Technologies (RET), well adapted financial schemes are essential, including well fitted financial support. Supporting the dissemination of RET means supporting people, not technologies. Though, support mechanism have to be adapted to people not to technologies. A recent study for the European Parliament compares support mechanisms for RET in several European countries by describing case studies. Six different investor types can be identified, each one standing for a specific amalgam of motivation, energy needs, financial possibilities and risk-averse. Each of these types has its specific importance for different RET and different stages of RET's market penetration. Also the size of the market for RET, represented by each investor type, is different.
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| 112323. |
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| 112324. |
- Langniss, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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The renewables portfolio standard in Texas: an early assessment
- 2003
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - 1873-6777. ; 31:6, s. 527-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Texas has rapidly emerged as one of the leading wind power markets in the United States. This development can be largely traced to a well-designed and carefully implemented renewables portfolio standard (RPS). The RPS is a new policy mechanism that has received increasing attention as an attractive approach to support renewable power generation. Though replacing existing renewable energy policies with an as-of-yet untested approach in the RPS is risky, early experience from Texas suggests that an RPS can effectively spur renewables development and encourage competition among renewable energy producers. Initial RPS targets in Texas were well exceeded by the end of 2001, with 915 MW of wind installed in that year alone. RPS compliance costs appear negligible with new wind projects reportedly contracted for well under 3(US)cent/k/Wh, in part as a result of a 1.7(US)cent/kWh production tax credit, an outstanding wind resource and an RPS that is sizable enough to drive project economies of scale. Obliged retail suppliers have been willing to enter into long-term contracts with renewable generators, reducing important risks for both the developer and the retail supplier. Finally, the country's first comprehensive renewable energy certificate program has been put into place to monitor and track RPS compliance. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 112325. |
- Langniss, Ole
(författare)
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Transaction Cost Economics of Regulations to foster Renewable Energy Sources in the Electricity Sector
- 2002
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and minimum price standards are two systems to foster the market dissemination of renewable energies in the electricity sector. Transaction Cost Economics brings forward that the contractual relations in real structures have to be investigated to judge on the efficiency of governance structures. This paper seeks to do so by comparing governance structures created by the Texan RPS and the German EEG as an example for a successful minimum price standard. Analysis suggests that differences in static efficiency between both regulations are not as big as economic theory would suggest. The need to safeguard long-term investments establishes long-term contracts as the prevailing form of governance in the Texan RPS, thus limiting competition. On the other hand, the German EEG provides a large range of freedom to the power generators giving them strong incentives to optimise both the investment and the operation of a power plant.
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| 112326. |
- Lango Allen, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 467:7317, s. 832-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits, but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait. The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.
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| 112327. |
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| 112328. |
- Langseth, Hilde, et al.
(författare)
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Ensuring quality in studies linking cancer registries and biobanks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 49:3, s. 368-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries have a long tradition of providing comparable and high quality cancer data through the national population-based cancer registries and the capability to link the diverse large-scale biobanks currently in operation. The joining of these two infrastructural resources can provide a study base for large-scale studies of etiology, treatment and early detection of cancer. Research projects based on combined data from cancer registries and biobanks provides great opportunities, but also presents major challenges. Biorepositories have become an important resource in molecular epidemiology, and the increased interest in performing etiological, clinical and gene-environment-interaction studies, involving information from biological samples linked to population-based cancer registries, warrants a joint evaluation of the quality aspects of the two resources, as well as an assessment of whether the resources can be successfully combined into a high quality study. While the quality of biospecimen handling and analysis is commonly considered in different studies, the logistics of data handling including the linkage of the biobank with the cancer registry is an overlooked aspect of a biobank-based study. It is thus the aim of this paper to describe recommendations on data handling, in particular the linkage of biobank material to cancer registry data and the quality aspects thereof, based on the experience of Nordic collaborative projects combining data from cancer registries and biobanks. We propose a standard documentation with respect to the following topics: the quality control aspects of cancer registration, the identification of cases and controls, the identification and use of data confounders, the stability of serum components, historical storage conditions, aliquoting history, the number of freeze/thaw cycles and available volumes.
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| 112329. |
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| 112330. |
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Language Acquisition and Use in Multilingual Contexts
- 2013
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume brings together current linguistic research in a range of pre¬dominantly multilingual contexts. The authors draw on data from different languages and speech communities around the world, and together the chapters offer a broad picture of language acquisition, development and use – among both children and adults. While this is a valuable undertaking in its own right, the main reason for this collection is to pay tribute to Gisela Håkansson on her 65th birthday. Throughout her career Gisela Håkansson has made, and continues to make, a very significant contribution to the field of linguistics, in particular through her research in first and second language acquisition, multilingualism and language impairment. The authors and editors of this volume have all collaborated with Gisela in one way or other: as partners in international and national research projects, or as colleagues, particularly in the Centre for Languages and Literature at Lund University, where she is professor of linguistics.
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