| 1. |
- Almqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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An Abbott curve based rough surface contact mechanics approach
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Tribology Congress III - 2005. - New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ; , s. 397-398
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this way all the height information of the surface profile is preserved and not only a few parameters, like Ra, Rq, Rz, Rsk, etc. The aim of this work is to investigate how classes of surfaces based on a single Abbott curve perform in terms of contact mechanical parameters like the real area of contact. The result shows that surfaces taken from a class of random surfaces generated from a specific Abbott curve behaves similar in a contact mechanics simulation. That is, the distribution of for example the real area of contact within such a class is compact, having a small deviation from its mean.This implies that it is possible to simulate classes of surfaces based on Abbott curves and to use the results to predict contact mechanical properties of real surface topographies.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sahlin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A cavitation algorithm for arbitrary lubricant compressibility
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Tribology Congress III - 2005. - New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ; , s. 541-542, s. 541-542
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A general cavitation algorithm is presented that accommodates for an arbitrary density-pressure relation. Here it is possible to model the compressibility of the lubricant in such way the density-pressure relation is realistic from sub-cavity to high pressure regions respectively. The algorithm preserves mass continuity which is of importance when inter-asperity cavitation of rough surfaces is considered. Results with this algorithm for different density-pressure relations are presented and discussed.
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| 5. |
- Sahlin, Fredrik
(författare)
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Hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Interacting surfaces are frequently found in mechanical systems and components. A lubricant is often added between the surfaces to separate them from mechanical contact in order to increase life and performance of the contacting surfaces. In this work various aspects of hydrodynamic lubrication are investigated theoretically. This is where interacting surfaces are completely separated by a fluid film which is often the desired operating condition of machine components when wear and friction is to be reduced. Different flow regimes can be identified within the scope of hydrodynamic lubrication. If the surfaces are separated by a thick fluid film the influence from surface asperities is small and the surfaces can be treated as smooth. If the rate of change in film thickness with respect to the spatial directions is significantly large and if the flow velocity or Reynolds number is large, the ordinary fluid mechanical approach treating viscous flow with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has to be used. CFD is used to investigate influence from the use of an artificial microscopic surface pattern on one of the two interacting surfaces. The influence from the pattern is isolated from any other pressure generating effects by keeping the interacting surfaces parallel. Results are shown for different shapes of the micro-pattern. If the Reynolds number decreases, the system enters a regime called Stokes flow where the inertia effects are neglected. The full CFD approach is compared with the Stokes for various physical and geometrical cases. If the change in film thickness is small in the spatial directions, the thin film approximation is applicable and the full momentum equations describing fluid flow together with the mass continuity equation can be reduced to the Reynolds equation. Depending on boundary conditions, low pressures can occur at location of expanding fluid gap leading to tensile stress applied to the lubricant. However, a real liquid lubricant can only resist small tensile stresses until it cavitates into a mixture of gas and liquid. This often happens close to atmospheric pressure due to contamination and dissolved air into the liquid and occurs at higher pressures than the actual vaporization. To avoid pressures reaching too low levels, a general cavitation algorithm applied to the Reynolds equation is presented that accommodates for an arbitrary density-pressure relation. It is now possible to model the compressibility of the lubricant in such a way that the density-pressure relation is realistic through out the contact. The algorithm preserves mass continuity which is of importance when inter-asperity cavitation of rough surfaces is considered. For small film thicknesses the surface roughness becomes important in the performance of the lubricated contact. Even the smoothest of real surfaces is rough at a microscopic level and will influence the contact condition. The Reynolds equation still applies since the heights of the surface asperities are small compared to the spatial elongation. Treatment of the roughness of a real surface in a deterministic fashion is however beyond the scope of today's computers. Therefore other approaches need to be employed in order to take the surface roughness into account. In this work a homogenization method is used where the governing equation of the flow condition is formulated with a two-scale expansion, the global geometry and the roughness. Solutions are achieved for the limit of the roughness wavelength approaching zero and the method renders a possibility to treat the two scales separately. A method to generate dimensionless flow factors compensating for the surface roughness is developed. The flow factors, once solved for a particular surface, can be used to compensate for the surface roughness in any smooth global problem for any film thickness.
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| 6. |
- Sahlin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Two-Dimensional CFD-Analysis of Micro-Patterned Surfaces in Hydrodynamic Lubrication
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of tribology. - : ASME International. - 0742-4787 .- 1528-8897. ; 127:1, s. 96-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of a numerical study of the influence of micro-patterned surfaces in hydrodynamic lubrication of two parallel walls are reported. Two types of parameterized grooves with the same order of depth as the film thickness are used on one stationary wall. The other wall is smooth and is sliding with a specified tangential velocity Isothermal incompressible two dimensional full film fluid flow mechanics is solved using a Computational Fluid Dynamics method. It is shown that, by introducing a micro-pattern on one of two parallel walls, a net pressure rise in the fluid domain is achieved. This produces a load carrying capacity on the walls which is mainly contributed by fluid inertia. The load carrying capacity increases with Reynolds number The load carrying capacity is reported to increase with groove width and depth. However at a certain depth a vortex appears in the groove and near this value the maximum load carrying capacity is achieved. It is shown that the friction force decreases with deeper and wider grooves. Among all geometries studied, optimum geometry shapes in terms of hydrodynamic performance are reported.
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