| 41. |
- Andersson, Kjell, 1956-2014, et al.
(författare)
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Limited GIS skills hamper spatial planning for green infrastructures in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geografiska Notiser. - : Geografilärarnas Riksförening. - 0016-724X. ; 80:1, s. 16-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The term green infrastructure captures the need to conserve biodiversity and to sustain landscapes’ different ecosystem services. Maintaining green infrastructures through protected areas, management and landscape restoration requires knowledge in geography, spatial data about biophysical, anthropogenic and immaterial values, spatial comprehensive planning, and thus geographical information systems (GIS). To understand land use planning practices and planning education regarding GIS in Sweden we interviewed 43 planners and reviewed 20 planning education programmes. All planners used GIS to look at data but did not carry out spatial analyses of land covers. BSc programmes included more GIS than MSc programmes but very few taught analyses for spatial planning. As key spatial planning actors, municipalities’ barriers and bridges for improved GIS use for collaborative learning about green infrastructures are discussed. A concluding section presents examples of how GIS can support spatial planning for green infrastructures.
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| 42. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the pore-size distribution in gels
- 1995
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Ingår i: Bioseparation. - 1573-8272. ; 5:2, s. 65-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for determination of the accessible volume fraction in gels as function of the molecular weight of the solutes is presented. The pore-size distribution is determined by measuring the rate of diffusion of a mixture of solutes into a gel using gel filtration for separation. The solutes, of various sizes, are detected by refractive index measurements. Two marker molecules (blue dextran and glucose) were used to determine the gel void and the amount of liquid adhering to the surface. The technique is simple and can easily be adapted to other systems of a porous nature (membranes, catalyst pellets etc.). The method is applied to an N-isopropylacrylamide gel. This gel is sensitive to temperature changes. A considerable increase in volume is obtained when the temperature is decreased. This makes it suitable for use as a separation agent in gel extraction. In order to assess the performance of this unit operation the pore size distribution for the N-isopropylacrylamide gel was determined at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C, using mixtures of different dextrans as well as different polyethylene glycols.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusion of glucose and insulin in a swelling N-isopropylacrylamide gel
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - 1873-3476. ; 157:2, s. 199-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diffusional characteristics for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NiPAAm) gel have been investigated. This gel is a critical gel which means that small changes in the environment influence the gel volume considerably. The effective diffusion coefficients for the solutes glucose and insulin were determined in batch experiments with the solutes diffusing out from small cylindrical gel bodies with diameters of 2.4-2.9 mm and at temperatures below the critical temperature: 10, 20 and 30 degrees C. The effective diffusion coefficients were obtained by fitting the experimental data to a mathematical model considering back-mixing and time delay in the experimental set-up, dilution due to the adsorbed liquid on the gel bodies and partition due to the exclusion effect. The effective diffusion coefficient for glucose increases from 2.7.10(-10) to 4.7.10(-10) m(2)/s when the temperature increases from 10 to 30 degrees C, following the Wilke-Chang relationship. This implies that the effect of the network is negligible compared with the effect of the temperature. However, for a solute with a molecular weight of about 6000 the network has a considerable effect. The effective diffusion coefficient for insulin increases from 4.4.10(-10) to 5.9.10(-10) m(2)/s when the temperature increases from 10 to 30 degrees C, which is less than expected from the Wilke-Chang relationship. This indicates an increased resistance for diffusion inside the gel due to shrinking. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 44. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Swelling kinetics of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - 1873-4995. ; 50:1-3, s. 273-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many gel applications the swelling and shrinking kinetics are very important, e.g. in controlled/slow release, where the kinetics determine the rate of out-diffusion of the active component, and in gel extraction where the gel is swollen and shrunk several times. In this study swelling kinetics of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel (NiPAAm gel) was determined by monitoring the swelling process using a stereo microscope and a video camera. The swelling of spherical gel bodies could conveniently be studied after a temperature change. The results obtained were treated according to the approach of Tanaka and Fillmore, in which the swelling and shrinking of a gel is described as a motion of the gel network according to the diffusion equation. This was shown to be valid when the temperature changes are kept below the critical point of the gel. However, the model fails to describe the shrinking process when passing from below to above the critical temperature. The collective diffusion coefficient (D), defined as the osmotic bulk modulus divided by the friction factor, was determined by fitting to the experimental data. D was found to increase with temperature according to the Wilke-Chang relation D=2.0.10(-11)+7.6.10(-17).T/mu. The results were used to simulate the swelling/shrinking process. The simulations show the importance of having sufficiently small gel bodies to achieve a short swelling time. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Andersson, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal planning of public safety resources in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: EURO XXI: 21st European Conference on Operational Research,2006.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this presentation, the similarities and differences between different public safety resources are discussed, concentrating on ambulance services and fire and rescue services. To provide some background for the discussion, two projects focusing on the construction of decision support tools for emergency services decision makers are described; OPAL - Optimized ambulance logistics and OPERA - Optimized and effective rescue resource allocation.
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| 47. |
- André, Malin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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The management of infections in children in general practice in Sweden. : a repeated 1-week diagnosis-prescribing study in 5 counties in 2000 and 2002.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-1899 .- 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 37:11-12, s. 863-869
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A diagnosis-prescribing study was performed in 5 Swedish counties during 1 week in November in 2000 and repeated in 2002. The aim of the present study was to analyse data for children 0-15y of age who consulted a general practitioner with symptoms of an infection. During the 2 weeks studied, 4049 children were consulted. Respiratory tract infections (RTI) were the predominant diagnoses, above all among the youngest children, while the proportion of urinary tract infections and skin infections increased with increasing age. Between the y 2000 and 2002, the proportion of children allocated the diagnosis streptococcal tonsillitis and pneumonia decreased (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) while the proportion of common cold increased (p<0.001). Antibiotic prescribing decreased from 55% to 48% (p<0.001) for respiratory infections between the years studied. The only significant changes in type of antibiotics prescribed were the increase of isoxazolylpenicillins (p<0.001) used for skin infection and the decrease of macrolides (p=0.001). A diagnostic test was used in more than half of the consultations. Of children allocated a RTI diagnosis, 36% were prescribed antibiotics when a C-reactive protein test was performed compared to 58% in those not tested. Further studies are needed in general practice to determine the optimal use of near-patient tests in children with RTI.
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| 48. |
- Arbeus, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Milrinone Increases Flow in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts After Cardiopulmonary Bypass : A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 23:1, s. 48-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare the effects of a bolus of milrinone, 50 mu g/kg, versus placebo on flow in coronary artery bypass grafts after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Design: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Setting: A university hospital. Participants: Forty-four patients with stable angina and left ventricular ejection fraction > 30% scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were included. Intervention: Patients were randomized to receive 50 mu g/kg of milrinone (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) after aortic declamping. Measurements and Main Results: The flow in coronary artery bypass grafts was measured with a transit time flow meter at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after termination of CPB. The hemodynamic evaluation included transesophageal echocardiography, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and intracavitary measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). The flow in the saphenous vein grafts was significantly higher in the milrinone group when compared with the placebo group both at 10 and 30 minutes after termination of CPB (p < 0.001). At 10 minutes, the flow was 64.5 +/- 37.4 mL/min (mean +/- standard deviation) and 43.6 +/- 25.7 mL/min in nonsequential vein grafts for milrinone and placebo, respectively. Corresponding values at 30 minutes were 54.8 +/- 29.9 mL/min and 35.3 +/- 22.4 mL/min. The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) flow was higher in the milrinone group but did not reach statistical significance. The fractional area change was higher, and the MAP and calculated pressure gradient (MAP-LVEDP) were lower at 10 minutes in the milrinone group. Conclusion: Milrinone significantly increases the flow in anastomosed saphenous vein grafts after CPB, and has beneficial effects on left ventricular function.
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| 49. |
- Axelsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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”Alla vägar bär till Rom” eller ”Får man göra hur man vill”
- 2006
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Projektet hade som mål att introducera ett simuleringsprogram redan i andra årskursen. Initiativet kom ursprungligen från utbildningsnämnden för Bioteknik och Kemiteknik, som startade ett antal beräkningsteknikprojekt för att stärka teknologerna färdigheter i beräkningsteknik. Projektet genomfördes av 11 frivilliga (av 108) ”testpiloter” i kursen Transportprocesser. Vi ersatte ett av de tre beräkningsprojekten, som normalt ingår i kursen, med ett Femlab-projekt (numera Comsol Multiphysics). Med detta kan man simulera tämligen avancerade strömningsförlopp. Projektet var mycket lyckosamt. De som gjorde detta projekt uppnådde samma insikt i strömningslära som övriga men på ett helt annat sätt – och dessutom genom att jobba helt på egen hand. Resultatet visar också att användningen av ”learning outcomes” eller ”läranderesultat”, som ett sätt att formulera kursmål, faktiskt kan innebära att vi kan se fler möjligheter att genomföra kurser på.
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| 50. |
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