| 51. |
- Axelsson, Anton
(författare)
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Context : The abstract term for the concrete
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with the term 'context' and the aim has been to reason about the term in order to see whether it is possible to reach a satisfactory understanding of the concept. But the thesis is also a journey into human reasoning and conveys a certain view of human cognition. It aims to synthesise results of studies within psychology, cognitive science, anthropology, and human-computer interaction. My understanding is that context is not something we are a part of, but rather something we create mentally in relation a specific goal. Determination of something ambiguous thus comes from top-down processes related to a goal. I believe context has been wrongly interpreted in HCI as that which a user is situated in and which a product is being used in. I suggest instead a separation between the user environment and the user context.
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| 52. |
- Axelsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of effective diffusion coefficients in calcium alginate gel plates with varying yeast cell content
- 1988
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 1559-0291. ; 18, s. 231-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective diffusion coefficients (De) have been determined for lactose, glucose, galactose, and ethanol in calcium alginate gel with varying yeast cell concentration. The measurements have been performed in a diffusion cell, and the results evaluated with the quasisteady-state method. An ultrasonic meter was used for gel thickness determination with an accuracy of 1.5% and a new method for the reproducible preparation of gel plates was developed. It was found thatD e in pure alginate gel decreased to about 90% of the diffusivity in water and did not vary with alginate concentration.D e decreased considerably with increasing yeast cell concentration. For the solutes studied, the effective diffusion coefficient can be estimated according to the equationD e =D eo (1 - ϕ)/[1+(ϕ/2)], whereD eo is the effective diffusivity in pure gel and ϕ is the volume fraction of yeast cells.
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| 53. |
- Axelsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Economic evaluation of the hydrolysis of lactose using immobilized beta-galactosidase
- 1990
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 1559-0291. ; 24-5, s. 679-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A computer program for preliminary cost estimates of free and immobilized enzyme systems has been developed. The cost for the hydrolysis of lactose by β-galactosidase fromAspergillus oryzae has been calculated for a batch tank reactor, with free (BTRF) and immobilized (BTRI) enzymes, a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a plug-flow tubular reactor (PFTR), considering the mass transfer behavior and deactivation of the enzyme. Enzyme immobilization is economically feasible, compared with a system with free enzymes, despite a very high cost for the enzyme attachment. At a half-life time of 80 d, the PFTR gives the lowest cost (0.48 SEK/kg lactose), but the cost for the BTRI is just slightly higher (0.66 SEK/kg lactose) and still much lower than the BTRF (2.10 SEK/kg lactose).
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| 54. |
- Axelsson, Anders
(författare)
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Experimental studies of immobilized-yeast, packed-bed reactors with reduced CO2 entrapment
- 1988
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 1559-0291. ; 18, s. 91-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A horizontal packed-bed reactor with baffles (HPBR) and a continuously stirred tank reactor with intermittent paddle agitation have been shown to considerably reduce the CO2 entrapment when glucose is fermented with immobilized baker’s yeast in calcium alginate beads. Using high cell contents in the gel resulted in internal mass transfer hindrance. The highest productivity was obtained with the HPBR giving 29 g EtOH/Lh at an ethanol yield of 90%. The substrate used was 100 g/L glucose. Fermentation of lactose and deproteinized whey by coimmobilized baker’s yeast and |3-galactosidase resulted in much lower productivity-about 5 g EtOH/L.h because of the slow fermentation of galactose.
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| 55. |
- Axelsson, Anton, 1981-
(författare)
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Knowledge elicitation as abstraction of purposive behaviour
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Researchers use knowledge elicitation methods to document expert knowledge for the primary purpose of understanding cognitive processes and with this understanding, technical solutions to resolve human factors issues can be produced. This dissertation offers a novel perspective on knowledge elicitation as an abstraction process. Such a theoretical framework has emerged by consolidating the ecological approach of Brunswikian psychology with the ideas of tacit and personal knowledge of Polanyian epistemology. Traditionally, knowledge elicitation has been considered an extraction process in which knowledge can be readily transferred from one individual to another. Here, this traditional position is rejected in favour of Polanyi’s premise that much of the knowledge individuals possess is tacit in nature, which implies that it cannot be documented easily, expressed in explicit form or explained. In this dissertation, knowledge is characterised as a personal process of knowing, highlighting context as a subjective knowledge structure of personal experiences that is formulated implicitly and indirectly over time through a dynamic interaction with the environment. Therefore, tacit knowledge cannot be articulated or shared; however, learners can be inspired by observing other individuals' purposive (i.e., goal-directed) behaviours and thus shape their own tacit knowledge once they practise the observed skills and develop conceptual understanding through reasoning about the learning process. Knowledge elicitation thereby makes use of observations, questions, or more structured process tracing methods in environments familiar to the observed individuals to elicit purposive behaviour from them. Accordingly, functional descriptions can be produced in this process that further conceptual understanding of a particular domain. Knowledge elicitation procedures are a powerful set of methods for reaching such functional descriptions. Moreover, by understanding the resulting knowledge elicitation data as an abstraction derived from multiple collection points in the same environment, the focus shifts from purely subjective mental constructs to the impact of environmental constraints.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Axelsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of batch and continuous reactors with co-immobilized yeast and beta-galactosidase
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. - : Wiley. - 0268-2575 .- 1097-4660. ; 52:2, s. 227-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The anaerobic fermentation of deproteinized whey with beta-galactosidase coimmobilized with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in calcium alginate gel beads for the production of ethanol has been studied in a continuous horizontal packed bed reactor (HPBR). The results are compared with batch experiments in a stirred tank reactor. The immobilized yeast cells are exposed to conditions that vary with time and location in the reactor, making a true steady state impossible. In spite of a very low specific growth rate-of the order of 0.01 h-1 in the first section of the HPBR-the yeast cell growth, accompanied by bead expansion in this section, was high enough to create a cell concentration gradient along the reactor. The continuous reactor is preferable to the batch reactor as the galactose conversion is more efficient. The highest volumetric productivity obtained in the HPBR was 125 mol ethanol m-3 h-1 (6 g ethanol dm-3 h-1) at a substrate concentration of 164 mol m-3 lactose (56 g dm-3) and a dilution rate of 0.21 h-1, corresponding to a space velocity of 0.51 dm3 dm-3 gel h-1. The ethanol yield from consumed glucose and galactose was 80%. The ethanol yield from lactose was only 70%, as only 75% of the galactose was consumed while all the lactose and glucose were converted.
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| 59. |
- Axelsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Policy SEA: lessons from development co-operation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-5517 .- 1471-5465. ; 30:2, s. 124-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This professional practice report reflects upon lessons learned from piloting and evaluating an innovative approach to policy strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in developing countries. The primary analytical focuses of the approach are institutions and governance characteristics, plus it places strong emphasis on learning. The piloting provides valuable insights about the conduct of SEA at the policy level and in socio-political where there is limited experience with SEA. From our observations we reflect upon the importance of appropriate ownership of an SEA; the practical implications of working in contested political environments; the challenges in using SEA as a tool to promote good governance; and the centrality of a long-term perspective to environmental and social mainstreaming.
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| 60. |
- Axelsson, Annika S., et al.
(författare)
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Sulforaphane reduces hepatic glucose production and improves glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 9:394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potentially useful approach for drug discovery is to connect gene expression profiles of disease-affected tissues ("disease signatures") to drug signatures, but it remains to be shown whether it can be used to identify clinically relevant treatment options. We analyzed coexpression networks and genetic data to identify a disease signature for type 2 diabetes in liver tissue. By interrogating a library of 3800 drug signatures, we identified sulforaphane as a compound that may reverse the disease signature. Sulforaphane suppressed glucose production from hepatic cells by nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and decreased expression of key enzymes in gluconeogenesis. Moreover, sulforaphane reversed the disease signature in the livers from diabetic animals and attenuated exaggerated glucose production and glucose intolerance by a magnitude similar to that of metformin. Finally, sulforaphane, provided as concentrated broccoli sprout extract, reduced fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in obese patients with dysregulated type 2 diabetes.
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