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Sökning: LAR1:lu > (2005-2009) > Tidskriftsartikel > Engelska > Uppsala universitet

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61.
  • Arnetz, Judith, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of an educational "toolbox" for improving nursing staff competence and psychosocial work environment in elderly care : Results of a prospective, non-randomized controlled intervention
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 44:5, s. 723-735
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Lack of professional development opportunities among nursing staff is a major concern in elderly care and has been associated with work dissatisfaction and staff turnover. There is a lack of prospective, controlled studies evaluating the effects of educational interventions on nursing competence and work satisfaction. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of an educational "toolbox" intervention on nursing staff ratings of their competence, psychosocial work environment and overall work satisfaction. Design: The study was a prospective, non-randomized, controlled intervention. Participants and settings: Nursing staff in two municipal elderly care organizations in western Sweden. Methods: In an initial questionnaire survey, nursing staff in the intervention municipality described several areas in which they felt a need for competence development. Measurement instruments and educational materials for improving staff knowledge and work practices were then collated by researchers and managers in a "toolbox." Nursing staff ratings of their competence and work were measured pre and post-intervention by questionnaire. Staff ratings in the intervention municipality were compared to staff ratings in the reference municipality, where no toolbox was introduced. Results: Nursing staff ratings of their competence and psychosocial work environment, including overall work satisfaction, improved significantly over time in the intervention municipality, compared to the reference group. Both competence and work environment ratings were largely unchanged among reference municipality staff. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between municipalities over time for nursing staff ratings of participation, leadership, performance feedback and skills' development. Staff ratings for these four scales improved significantly in the intervention municipality as compared to the reference municipality. Conclusions: Compared to a reference municipality, nursing staff ratings of their competence and the psychosocial work environment improved in the municipality where the toolbox was introduced.
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62.
  • Arvanitis, Dimitri, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of ligand states on the relationship between orbital moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 99:17, s. 177207-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The spin and orbital moments of Au/Co/Au trilayers grown on a W(110) single crystal substrate have been investigated by means of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Our findings suggest that the orbital moment of Co does not obtain a maximum value along the easy axis, in contrast with previous experience. This is attributed to the large spin-orbit interaction within the Au caps. Both second order perturbation theory and first principles calculations show how the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) is dramatically influenced by this effect, and how this leads to the fact that the orbital moment anisotropy is not proportional to the MCA.
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63.
  • Ask, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • The potential of proton beam radiation therapy in gastrointestinal cancer
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 44:8, s. 896-903
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A group of Swedish oncologists and hospital physicists have estimated the number of patients in Sweden suitable for proton beam therapy. The estimations have been based on current statistics of tumour incidence, number of patients potentially eligible for radiation treatment, scientific support from clinical trials and model dose planning studies and knowledge of the dose-response relations of different tumours and normal tissues. In gastrointestinal cancers, it is assessed that at least 345 patients, mainly non-resectable rectal cancers, oesophageal and liver cancers, are eligible. Great uncertainties do however exist both in the number of patients with gastrointestinal cancers suitable for radiation therapy, and in the proportion of those where proton beams may give sufficiently better results.
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64.
  • Askling, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and risk of malignant lymphomas : relative risks and time trends in the Swedish Biologics Register
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London, UK : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 68:5, s. 648-653
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND:Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have proved effective as treatment against rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the unresolved issue of whether the use of anti-TNF therapy increases the already elevated risk of lymphoma in RA remains a concern.METHODS:Using the Swedish Biologics Register (ARTIS), the Swedish Cancer Register, pre-existing RA cohorts and cross-linkage with other national health and census registers, a national RA cohort (n = 67,743) was assembled and patients who started anti-TNF therapy between 1998 and July 2006 (n = 6604) were identified. A general population comparator (n = 471,024) was also assembled and the incidence of lymphomas from 1999 to 31 December 2006 was assessed and compared in these individuals.RESULTS:Among the 6604 anti-TNF-treated RA patients, 26 malignant lymphomas were observed during 26,981 person-years of follow-up, which corresponded to a relative risk (RR) of 1.35 (95% CI 0.82 to 2.11) versus anti-TNF-naive RA patients (336 lymphomas during 365,026 person-years) and 2.72 (95% CI 1.82 to 4.08) versus the general population comparator (1568 lymphomas during 3,355,849 person-years). RA patients starting anti-TNF therapy in 1998-2001 accounted for the entire increase in lymphoma risk versus the two comparators. By contrast, RR did not vary significantly by time since start of first treatment or with the accumulated duration of treatment, nor with the type of anti-TNF agent.CONCLUSION:Overall and as used in routine care against RA, TNF antagonists are not associated with any major further increase in the already elevated lymphoma occurrence in RA. Changes in the selection of patients for treatment may influence the observed risk.
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65.
  • Asplund, Basse, et al. (författare)
  • In vitro degradation and in vivo biocompatibility study of a new linear poly(urethane urea)
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B: Applied biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 86B:1, s. 45-55
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Segmented poly(urethane urea)s (PUUs) with hard segments derived only from methyl 2,6-diisocyantohexanoate (LDI) without the use of a chain extender have previously been described. These materials, which contain hard segments with multiple urea linkages, show exceptionally high strain capability (1600-4700%). In the study reported here, the rate and effect of hydrolysis of these materials were determined for gamma-sterilized and nonsterilized samples. Materials investigated contained PCL, PTMC, P(TMC-co-CL), P(CL-co-DLLA), or P(TMC-co-DLLA) as soft segments and, as well as their mechanical properties, changes in mass, inherent viscosity (IN.), and thermal properties were studied over 20 weeks. Results showed that the degradation rate was dependant on the soft segment structure, with a higher rate of degradation for the polyester-dominating PUUs exhibiting a substantial loss in IN. A tendency of reduction of tensile strength and strain hardening was seen for all samples. Also, loss in elongation at break was detected, for PUU-P(CL-DLLA) it went from 1600% to 830% in 10 weeks. Gamma radiation caused an initial loss in I.V. and induced more rapid hydrolysis compared with nonsterilized samples, except for PUU-PTMC. A cytotoxicity test using human fibroblasts demonstrated that the material supports cell viability. In addition, an in vivo biocompatibility study showed a typical foreign body reaction after I and 6 weeks.
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66.
  • Ausmees, Nora, et al. (författare)
  • SmeA, a small membrane protein with multiple functions in Streptomyces sporulation including targeting of a SpoIIIE/FtsK-like protein to cell division septa
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 65:6, s. 1458-1473
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sporulation in aerial hyphae of Streptomyces coelicolor involves profound changes in regulation of fundamental morphogenetic and cell cycle processes to convert the filamentous and multinucleoid cells to small unigenomic spores. Here, a novel sporulation locus consisting of smeA (encoding a small putative membrane protein) and sffA (encoding a SpoIIIE/FtsK-family protein) is characterized. Deletion of smeA-sffA gave rise to pleiotropic effects on spore maturation, and influenced the segregation of chromosomes and placement of septa during sporulation. Both smeA and sffA were expressed specifically in apical cells of sporogenic aerial hyphae simultaneously with or slightly after Z-ring assembly. The presence of smeA-like genes in streptomycete chromosomes, plasmids and transposons, often paired with a gene for a SpoIIIE/FtsK- or Tra-like protein, indicates that SmeA and SffA functions might be related to DNA transfer. During spore development SffA accumulated specifically at sporulation septa where it colocalized with FtsK. However, sffA did not show redundancy with ftsK, and SffA function appeared distinct from the DNA translocase activity displayed by FtsK during closure of sporulation septa. The septal localization of SffA was dependent on SmeA, suggesting that SmeA may act as an assembly factor for SffA and possibly other proteins required during spore maturation.
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67.
  • Austeng, Dordi, et al. (författare)
  • Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in infants born before 27 weeks' gestation in Sweden
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Archives of ophthalmology (1960). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-9950. ; 127:10, s. 1315-1319
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely preterm infants born before 27 weeks' gestation in Sweden during a 3-year period. METHODS: A national, prospective, population-based study was performed in Sweden from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2007. The ophthalmologic part of the study was separately organized, and screening for ROP was performed beginning postnatal week 5. The criteria for the treatment of ROP agreed with the recommendations of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. RESULTS: During the study, 506 of 707 live-born infants survived until the first eye examination. Of these, 368 (72.7%) had ROP: 37.9% had mild ROP and 34.8% had severe ROP. Ninety-nine infants (19.6%) were treated. Gestational age at birth was a stronger predictor of ROP than was birth weight. A log-linear relationship between severe ROP and gestational age at birth was found in the present cohort, and the risk of ROP was reduced by 50% for each week of increase in gestational age at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Today, extremely preterm infants are surviving, and this population-based study with ROP as a primary outcome shows a higher incidence of this condition than in previously reported national cohorts.
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68.
  • Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al. (författare)
  • Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture as a novel method for enrichment of Campylobacter species
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 73:21, s. 6864-6869
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of Campylobacter pathogens. This method, Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture (ACC), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of Campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Four of the Campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth rates comparable to those observed in other Campylobacter enrichment media. Studying six strains of C. jejuni isolated from different sources, we found that all of the strains could be enriched from an inoculum of fewer than 10 bacteria. The sensitivity of the ACC method was not negatively affected by the use of Campylobacter-selective antibiotics in the culture medium, but these were effective in suppressing the growth of seven different bacterial species added at a concentration of 10(4) CFU/ml of each species as deliberate contamination. The ACC method has advantages over other enrichment methods as it is not dependent on a microaerobic milieu and does not require the use of blood or other oxygen-quenching agents. Our study found the ACC method to be a promising tool for the enrichment of Campylobacter species, particularly from water samples with low bacterial concentrations.
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69.
  • Bao, Zhuo, et al. (författare)
  • Detailed Theoretical and Experimental Description of Normal Auger Decay in O2
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 41:12, s. 125101-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The normal Auger electron spectrum of the O-2 molecule is assigned in detail on the basis of ab initio valence configuration interaction (CI) wavefunctions. Potential energy curves of the ground state, the core-ionized states and the doubly charged final states are calculated and Auger decay rates are obtained with the one-centre approximation. Using the lifetime vibrational interference method, band shapes are obtained for all contributions to the Auger spectrum. The calculated Auger electron spectrum allows us to identify all features observed experimentally. Significant differences to previous assignments are reported. A quantitative simulation of the spectrum is given on the basis of a curve-fitting procedure, in which the energetic positions and intensities of the theoretical bands were optimized. Besides providing a basis for a refined analysis of the spectrum, the fit allows us to assess the accuracy of the calculation. As expected for this level of theory, the absolute accuracy of the valence CI energies is found to be about 0.3 eV. The inherent error of the one-centre transition rates is less than 5% of the most intense transition in the spectrum. The frequently questioned one-centre Auger transition rates are shown to be rather appropriate if applied with reasonable wavefunctions and if the vibrational band structure of the molecular spectrum is properly taken into account.
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70.
  • Barg, Sebastian, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Granule docking and cargo release in pancreatic β-cells
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Biochemical Society Transactions. - 0300-5127 .- 1470-8752. ; 36:Pt 3, s. 294-299
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biphasic insulin secretion is required for proper insulin action and is observed not only in vivo, but also in isolated pancreatic islets and even single beta-cells. Late events in the granule life cycle are thought to underlie this temporal pattern. In the last few years, we have therefore combined live cell imaging and electrophysiology to study insulin secretion at the level of individual granules, as they approach the plasma membrane, undergo exocytosis and finally release their insulin cargo. In the present paper, we review evidence for two emerging concepts that affect insulin secretion at the level of individual granules: (i) the existence of specialized sites where granules dock in preparation for exocytosis; and (ii) post-exocytotic regulation of cargo release by the fusion pore.
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