| 61. |
- Stattin, Håkan, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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A National Evaluation of Parenting Programs in Sweden : The Short-Term Effects Using an RCT Effectiveness Design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0022-006X .- 1939-2117. ; 83:6, s. 1069-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We evaluated the effectiveness of 4 parent-training programs for children with externalizing problems. We tested the effectiveness of 3 behavioral programs (Comet, Cope, and Incredible Years) and 1 nonbehavioral program (Connect) in reducing child behavior problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, in improving positive parenting and parenting competence, and in decreasing negative parenting and parents’ stress and depressive symptoms.Method: This national study was designed as a randomized-controlled effectiveness trial (RCT). The treatments were carried out in 30 clinical and community-based practices. Parents of 908 children (ages 3–12 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 parent training programs available at each practice, or to a wait-list condition, where parents had sought help from regular services. Before and after treatment, parents rated child behavior problems and parenting strategies.Results: At posttreatment, children whose parents had received interventions showed a strong decrease in child conduct problems and a moderate to strong decrease in ADHD symptoms. About half of parents whose children scored over the 95th percentile on the behavior measures (Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale), a clinically meaningful cutoff, reported that their children were no longer above the cutoff after the intervention. Parents showed considerably less negative behaviors toward their children at posttest compared with pretest; they increased in parental competence, and decreased in both stress and depressive symptoms. Overall, the behavioral programs were more effective than the nonbehavioral program.Conclusions: The results support the general efficacy of parent training in a short-term perspective.
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| 62. |
- Swall, Anna, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The value of “us” : Expressions of togetherness in couples where one spouse has dementia
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 15:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Living with dementia involves both illness and health, and self-care and care from others. As most persons with dementia live in their own homes, dementia affects not only the person with the disease, but also family, commonly the partner. Research shows that spousal carers feel as though they are losing their partners since they can no longer share thoughts, feelings and experiences as a couple.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the sense of togetherness of the spouses when one spouse has dementia.Method: The sample consists of 18 recorded conversations between 15 persons with dementia and their spouses. The filmed conversations were transcribed verbatim and then analysed using qualitative content analysis.Findings: One overarching theme arose: Dementia preserved and challenged the value of ?us.? It can be challenging for a couple in which one partner has dementia to preserve a sense of togetherness and to have the relationship they wish for.Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that practitioners should help couples to strengthen their bond as a couple so as to maintain a sense of well-being. Future studies should examine couplehood under differing conditions, such as long- versus short-term relationships. Prior relationship quality may also be a factor that influences the sense of couplehood following a serious health challenge, such as dementia.Implication for practice: When spouses were able to live together, their relationship was enriched at many levels. Their love for each other strengthened them as a unit ? as an ?us? ? where togetherness seemed to be strong. Future studies need to examine whether the sense of couplehood varies depending on the length of the relationship (i.e., a relationship of many years or a relatively new relationship).
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| 63. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical and verbal aggressive behavior and COMT genotype : Sensitivity to the environment
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B. - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-4841 .- 1552-485X. ; 171:5, s. 708-718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype has been implicated as a vulnerability factor for several psychiatric diseases as well as aggressive behavior, either directly, or in interaction with an adverse environment. The present study aimed at investigating the susceptibility properties of COMT genotype to adverse and favorable environment in relation to physical and verbal aggressive behavior. The COMT Val158Met polymorphism was genotyped in a Swedish population-based cohort including 1,783 individuals, ages 20-24 years (47% males). A significant three-way interaction was found, after correction for multiple testing, between COMT genotype, exposure to violence, and parent-child relationship in association with physical but not verbal aggressive behavior. Homozygous for the Val allele reported lower levels of physical aggressive behavior when they were exposed to violence and at the same time experienced a positive parent-child relationship compared to Met carriers. Thus, susceptibility properties of COMT genotype were observed in relation to physical aggressive behavior supporting the hypothesis that COMT genotypes are modifying the sensitivity to environment that confers either risk or protection for aggressive behavior. As these are novel findings, they warrant further investigation and replication in independent samples.
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| 64. |
- Vrettou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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VGLUT2 rs2290045 genotype moderates environmental sensitivity to alcohol-related problems in three samples of youths
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 28:10, s. 1329-1340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-mediated neurotransmission has been highlighted in studies on addiction-related phenotypes. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs2290045 in VGLUT2 has been associated with alcohol dependence, but it is unknown whether or how this association is affected by environmental factors. The present study determined whether the association of alcohol-related problems with the rs2290045 in the VGLUT2 gene was modified by negative and positive environmental factors. Three samples were included: a clinical sample of 131 adolescents followed from age 17 to 22; a general population sample of 1794 young adults; and a general population sample of 1687 adolescents followed from age 14 to 17. DNA was extracted from saliva and the rs2290045 (T/C) was genotyped. Alcohol-related problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Stressful life events (SLE) and parenting were assessed by questionnaires. Gene-environment interactions were investigated using a dual statistical approach. In all samples (effect sizes 0.6-6.2%), and consistent with the differential susceptibility framework, T carriers exposed to SLE reported more alcohol-related problems if they had experienced poor parenting, and lower alcohol-related problems if they had received supportive parenting. T carriers not exposed to SLE reported higher alcohol-related problems if they had received supportive parenting and lower alcohol-related problems if they had received poor parenting. Among CC carriers, alcohol-related problems did not vary as a function of negative and positive environmental factors. In conclusion, in three samples of youths, alcohol-related problems were associated with an interaction of VGLUT2 rs2290045, SLE, and parenting.
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| 65. |
- Wihlman, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Organizing vocational rehabilitation through interorganizational integration : a case study in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Planning and Management. - : Wiley. - 0749-6753 .- 1099-1751. ; 26:3, s. E169-E185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes and analysis five years of experiences from organising an interorganisational project on vocational rehabilitation. A qualitative case study approach was used based on interviews, focus group discussions and documents. The aim was to analyse how and why the project was organised in the way it was in relation to theories of integration, organisational change and learning. The results show that the vocational rehabilitation project was initiated mainly for financial reasons. It was organised as a mechanistic system with the aim of producing different activities, where financial control and support from all the levels of the organisations involved was important. A new bureaucracy between the different authorities involved was built up, where the vertical (top-down) integration was more important than the horizontal. The result was scattered islands of interprofessional work in different teams, but without contacts between them. The project did not influence the processes or workflows of the organisations involved in the project, which would be important from a service-user perspective. It may therefore be questionnable to organise the development of interorganisational integration for vocational rehabilitation in a separate project organisation. Instead, interorganisational networks with focus on interconnections of processes and workflows may be more flexible and adaptable. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 66. |
- Babri, Maira, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Material affordances in circular products and business model development : for a relational understanding of human and material agency
- 2022
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Ingår i: Culture and Organization. - : Routledge. - 1475-9551 .- 1477-2760. ; 28:1, s. 79-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses the notion of material affordances to show that a focus on how people engage with materials helps understanding how organizations transit toward sustainability. Material affordances refer to the enablements and constraints afforded by materials to someone engaging with an environment for a particular purpose. Based on a qualitative study of a company's efforts at becoming circular, we show that material affordances are evolutive as organizational members shift focus from the development of products to the establishment of a circular business model. We also show that affordances are distributed across the company's circular ecosystem. Between what they enable and prevent, they invite humans to a dynamic engagement with materials that decenters human agencies to incorporate material agency in such efforts. A key contribution of the notion of material affordances is to put the relationships of humans and materials at the core of a transition toward circularity and sustainability.
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| 67. |
- Martin, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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Visual fields in children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder before and after treatment with stimulants.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 86:3, s. 259-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate visual function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to correlate these data with the morphology of the optic nerve, and to find out if and how psychostimulant medication affects visual functions. METHODS: The visual acuity (VA) and visual fields (VFs) of 18 children with ADHD (two girls and 16 boys), aged 6-17 years, were examined before and after treatment with psychostimulants. A control group, consisting of 24 children (nine girls and 15 boys), aged 7-18 years, were examined twice to evaluate the repeatability of the tests and the learning effect. Fundus photographs were analysed by digital planimetry. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased significantly (p = 0.0039) in the ADHD group after treatment. The difference between the two VF examinations was significantly larger in the ADHD group compared with the control group (p = 0.036). Significantly more ADHD subjects had subnormal VF results without stimulants, compared with controls (p = 0.0043), but with stimulants the difference was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD showed better VA and VF results with than without psychostimulant medication.
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| 68. |
- Babri, Maira, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Bildningspraktika för ekonomer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Organisation & Samhälle. - : Föreningen Företagsekonomi i Sverige. - 2001-9114 .- 2002-0287. ; 2, s. 70-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 69. |
- Carrington, Thomas, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical test of the hierarchical construct of professionalism and managerialism in the accounting profession
- 2013
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Ingår i: Behavioral Research in Accounting. - : American Accounting Association. - 1050-4753 .- 1558-8009. ; 25:2, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research into the tension between professionalism and commercialism in the accounting profession is inconclusive and warrants greater attention. How to conceptualize and measure these constructs are thus pressing concerns. Using questionnaire data from 1646 auditors in Sweden, and applying confirmatory factor analysis and structural regression models within a structural equation modeling framework to a measurement model developed by Suddaby et al. (2009), we find little empirical evidence for the existence of the two logics of professionalism and managerialism (i.e., commercialism) as two higher-order latent constructs shared by auditors. However, we find that two sub-elements of the proposed higher-order constructs do discriminate between each other in a way that could indicate two exclusive value statements in the accounting profession connected to the professionalism-commercialism tension: these are the respective emphases on independence enforcement and client commitment.
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| 70. |
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