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- Clementi, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
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A Complex of Equine Lysozyme and Oleic Acid with Bactericidal Activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:11, s. Article Number: UNSP e80649-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HAMLET and ELOA are complexes consisting of oleic acid and two homologous, yet functionally different, proteins with cytotoxic activities against mammalian cells, with HAMLET showing higher tumor cells specificity, possibly due to the difference in propensity for oleic acid binding, as HAMLET binds 5-8 oleic acid molecules per protein molecule and ELOA binds 11-48 oleic acids. HAMLET has been shown to possess bactericidal activity against a number of bacterial species, particularly those with a respiratory tropism, with Streptococcus pneumoniae displaying the greatest degree of sensitivity. We show here that ELOA also displays bactericidal activity against pneumococci, which at lower concentrations shows mechanistic similarities to HAMLET's bactericidal activity. ELOA binds to S. pneumoniae and causes perturbations of the plasma membrane, including depolarization and subsequent rupture, and activates an influx of calcium into the cells. Selective inhibition of calcium channels and sodium/calcium exchange activity significantly diminished ELOA's bactericidal activity, similar to what we have observed with HAMLET. Finally, ELOA-induced death was also accompanied by DNA fragmentation into high molecular weight fragments - an apoptosis-like morphological phenotype that is seen during HAMLET-induced death. Thus, in contrast to different mechanisms of eukaryote cell death induced by ELOA and HAMLET, these complexes are characterized by rather similar activities towards bacteria. Although the majority of these events could be mimicked using oleic acid alone, the concentrations of oleic acid required were significantly higher than those present in the ELOA complex, and for some assays, the results were not identical between oleic acid alone and the ELOA complex. This indicates that the lipid, as a common denominator in both complexes, is an important component for the complexes' bactericidal activities, while the proteins are required both to solubilize and/or present the lipid at the bacterial membrane and likely to confer other and separate functions during the bacterial death.
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- Wold, Dag Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Hva finnes av forskning på/om friluftsliv for/i høyere utdanning i Norge? - En oversiktsstudie over forskning(slitteratur) på friluftsliv innen høyere utdanning
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Friluftslivets rolle som historisk kulturbærer og identitetsmarkør i Norge har bidratt til at friluftsliv i dag har en sterk posisjon i det norske utdanningssystemet. I høyere utdanning kommer dette til uttrykk ikke bare i (kroppsøvings)lærerutdanningen, men også i bachelor utdanninger i idrett og friluftsliv, i naturguideutdanninger og i veglednings og eventyrspedagogikk. Ulike idéer og teorier om pedagogikk, lederskap og gruppedynamikk har blitt utviklet innenfor høyere utdanning i friluftsliv i Norge. En del av disse ideene har også handlet om hvorvidt relasjonen mellom mennesker og natur er økologisk bærekraftig. Per i dag savnes det, etter vår kjennskap, en oversikt over forskning på friluftsliv innen høyere utdanning. Hovedmålet med studien er derfor å kartlegge hvilke tema forskningslitteraturen på/om friluftsliv for/i høyere utdanning i Norge belyser.Vi finner det hensiktsmessig å kombinere en scoping review gjennom elektronisk søking i databaser med en manuell søking av kurslitteratur og pensum i emner og kurs i friluftsliv på norske universitet og høyskoler. Temaene og søkeordene som inngår i studien er friluftsliv (OR Outdoor education OR Outdoor* OR Adventure* OR Wilderness*) AND høyere utdanning (OR Higher Education OR Universit* OR Høyskole OR Høgskole OR Høgskule OR College OR School (folkehøgskole) OR Physical Education Teacher Education OR Teacher training*) AND Norge (OR Norwegian OR Norway). Den elektroniske søkingen kommer til å gjennomføres i databasene EBSCO(ERIC), Google Scholar, BASE, Norart og Idunn. Den manuelle søkingen kommer til å gjennomføres på x norske læresteder der litteraturlister for kurs med ordet friluftsliv i tittelen inkluderes. Målet med det manuelle søket er å inkludere vitenskapelige bokkapittel (antologier) og annen litteratur som er basert på forskning, men som ikke finnes tilgjengelig elektronisk. Ettersom studien nylig er påbegynt, har vi per i dag ingen resultater å legge frem. Preliminære funn vil bli presentert på konferansen. Vi vil ha søkelys på den historiske utviklingen, endringer og diskurser i friluftslivsundervisningen i høyere utdanning, samt diskutere danningspotensialer og tema som ikke blir belyst i forskningen.
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- Stroe, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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The Outcomes of Passion in Entrepreneurship
- 2019
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Ingår i: Passion for work. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780190648626
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter surveys the literature on the outcomes of passion in entrepreneurship. The findings reveal that passion is consequential not only with respect to intrapersonal outcomes (affect, cognition, behavior of the entrepreneur, and performance of their venture) but also for interpersonal results (for stakeholders such as investors or employees). These outcomes, however, are not always beneficial: although passion has been proven to have a host of positive outcomes in entrepreneurship, more and more recent studies have started to uncover its dualistic nature and detrimental effects. The review offers specific suggestions that will be instrumental in carrying out future research regarding the role of passion in entrepreneurship and specifies implications for entrepreneurship practitioners.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Bolin, et al.
(författare)
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Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Carbonylative Esterification of Allenoic Acids for the Synthesis of γ-Butyrolactone Derivatives
- 2024
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Ingår i: Organic Letters. - 1523-7060 .- 1523-7052.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A highly efficient dehydrogenative carbonylative esterification of allenoic acids using Pd-catalysis was developed, providing a novel approach to synthesizing esterified γ-butyrolactone derivatives with consistently good to excellent results demonstrated across over 50 examples. Additionally, we used a heterogeneous catalyst known as Pd-AmP-MCF and harnessed biomimetic-aerobic-oxidation conditions to facilitate the practical execution of this reaction. Furthermore, our detailed study of γ-butyrolactone products highlighted their potential in synthesizing bioactive compounds.
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- Chaudhry, Amna, et al.
(författare)
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Awareness, usage, and need for child car seat education in developing countries : a case study of Pakistan
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children in developing countries are exposed to greater risk of fatality, serious injury, or disability, during road travel due to lack of awareness and absence of laws on children road safety measures such as the use of child restraints in vehicles. In most of the developing countries, it is not required by law, to use child car seats and therefore are rarely used. Research studies have been repeatedly showing significant efficacy of child car seats, if properly used, in preventing serious injuries and fatalities in young children during road accidents, due to restraining the children occupants against the ejection from the vehicle.Like many other developing countries, there is currently no legislation, in Pakistan, mandating the use of child car seats. Children exposure to traffic and risk of being involved in a traffic accident have been greatly increased in the country, over the past few years, due to increased number of vehicles, vehicle fleet, and trend of pre-schools and day care facilities. However, the awareness of parents regarding importance of safely traveling with infants and young children has not increased. Qualified and affluent parents have also been observed showing negligence in using the car child seats for their children.In this context, the objectives of this study were to investigate the level of awareness and usage of child car seats in Pakistan as well as to explore the need and interventions for conducting effective awareness campaigns or educational programs for parents in the country. Total 214 vehicles with children occupants and 385 children were observed at several schools, day-care centers, and pediatric departments in hospitals within 3 cities of Pakistan.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Binmin, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional Underwater Adhesive Film Enabled by a Single-Component Poly(ionic liquid)
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5871-5879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploiting synthetic wet adhesives for real-life applications. However, developing low-cost, robust, and multifunctional wet adhesive materials remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a wet adhesive composed of a single-component poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) that enables fast and robust underwater adhesion is reported. The PIL adhesive film possesses excellent stretchability and flexibility, enabling its anchoring on target substrates regardless of deformation and water scouring. Surface force measurements show the PIL can achieve a maximum adhesion of 56.7 mN·m–1 on diverse substrates (both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates) in aqueous media, within ∼30 s after being applied. The adhesion mechanisms of the PIL were revealed via the force measurements, and its robust wet adhesive capacity was ascribed to the synergy of different non-covalent interactions, such as of hydrogen bonding, cation−π, electrostatic, and van der Waals interactions. Surprisingly, this PIL adhesive film exhibited impressive underwater sound absorption capacity. The absorption coefficient of a 0.7 mm-thick PIL film to 4–30 kHz sound waves could be as high as 0.80–0.92. This work reports a multifunctional PIL wet adhesive that has promising applications in many areas and provides deep insights into interfacial interaction mechanisms underlying the wet adhesion capability of PILs.
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