| 101. |
- Lundgren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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An Area Efficient Readout Architecture for Photon Counting Color Imaging
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 576:1, s. 132-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of several energy levels, namely color imaging, in photon counting X-ray image sensors is a trade-off between circuit complexity and spatial resolution. In this paper we propose a pixel architecture that has full resolution for the intensity and uses sub-sampling for the energy spectrum. The results show that this sub-sampling pixel architecture produces images with an image quality which is, on average, 2.4 dB (PSNR) higher than those for a single energy range architecture and with half the circuit complexity of that for a full sampling architecture.
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| 102. |
- Lundgren, Jan, 1977-
(författare)
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Behavioral Level Simulation Methods for Early Noise Coupling Quantification in Mixed-Signal Systems
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, noise coupling simulation is introduced into the behavioral level. Methods and models for simulating on-chip noise coupling at a behavioral level in a design flow are presented and verified for accuracy and validity. Today, designs of electronic systems are becoming denser and more and more mixed-signal systems such as System-on-Chip (SoC) are being devised. This raises problems when the electronics components start to interfere with each other. Often, digital components disturb analog components, introducing noise into the system causing degradation of the performance or even introducing errors into the functionality of the system. Today, these effects can only be simulated at a very late stage in the design process, causing large design iterations and increased costs if the designers are required to return and make alterations, which may have occurred at a very early stage in the process. This is why the focus of this work is centered on extracting noise coupling simulation models that can be used at a very early design stage such as the behavioral level and then follow the design through the various design stages. To realize this, SystemC is selected as a platform and implementation example for the behavioral level models. SystemC supports design refinement, which means that when designs are being refined and are crossing the design levels, the noise coupling models can also be refined to suit the current design. This new way of thinking in primarily mixed-signal designs is called Behavioral level Noise Coupling (BeNoC) simulation and shows great promise in enabling a reduction in the costs of design iterations due to component cross-talk and simplifies the work for mixed-signal system designers.
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| 103. |
- Lundgren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Mixed-Signal Noise Effects in Photon Counting X-Ray Image Sensor Readout Circuits
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 563:1, s. 88-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In readout electronics for photon counting pixel detectors, the tight integration between analog and digital blocks causes the readout electronics to be sensitive to on-chip noise coupling. This noise coupling can result in faulty luminance values in grayscale X-ray images, or as color distortions in a color X-ray imaging system. An exploration of simulating noise coupling in readout circuits is presented which enables the discovery of sensitive blocks at as early a stage as possible, in order to avoid costly design iterations. The photon counting readout system has been simulated for noise coupling in order to highlight the existing problems of noise coupling in X-ray imaging systems. The simulation results suggest that on-chip noise coupling should be considered and simulated in future readout electronics systems for X-ray detectors.
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| 104. |
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| 105. |
- Lundgren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Power Distribution and Substrate Noise Coupling Investigations on the Behavioral Level for Photon Counting Imaging Readout Circuits
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 576:1, s. 113-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In modern mixed-signal system design, there are increasing problems associated with noise coupling caused by switching digital parts to sensitive analog parts. As a consequence, there is a growing necessity to understand these problems. In order to avoid costly design iterations, noise coupling simulations should be initiated as early as possible in the design chain. The problems associated with on-chip noise coupling have been discovered in photon counting pixel detector readout systems, where the level of integration of analog and digital circuits is very high on a very small area, and it would appear that these problems will continue to increase for future system designs in this field. This paper deals with the functionality of utilizing behavioral level models for simulating noise coupling in these readout systems. The methods and models are described and simulation results are shown for a photon counting pixel detector readout system.
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| 106. |
- Lundgren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Simplified Gate Level Noise Injection Models for Behavioral Noise Coupling Simulation
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2005 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design. - Piscataway, NJ, USA : IEEE conference proceedings. - 0780390660 - 9780780390669 ; , s. 345-348
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In CMOS digital logic, there are two major noise sources requiring consideration. These are a circuit´s power supply current and its noise current injected into the substrate of the circuit. This paper proposes a method for modeling and estimating the noise current injected into the substrate by capacitive coupling in digital circuits. The simplicity of the model and the reduction of details in the technology libraries facilitates behavioral level noise coupling simulation. The model is exemplified and evaluated for a simple NOT gate test case, for which the accuracy and simplicity of the models show great promise for simulation at the behavioral level.
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| 107. |
- Lundgren, Jan, 1977-
(författare)
-
Simulating Behavioral Level On-Chip Noise Coupling
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, noise coupling simulation is introduced into the behavioral level. Methods andmodels for simulating on-chip noise coupling at the behavioral level in a design flow are presentedand verified for accuracy and validity. Today, designs of electronic systems are becoming denserand more and more mixed-signal systems such as System-on-Chip (SoC) are being devised. Thisraises problems when the electronics components start to interfere with each other. Often, digitalcomponents disturb analog components, introducing noise into the system causing degradation ofthe performance or even introducing errors into the functionality of the system.Today, these effects can only be simulated at a very late stage in the design process, causinglarge design iterations and increased costs if the designers are required to return and makealterations, which may have occurred at a very early stage in the process.This is why the focus of this work is centered on extracting noise coupling simulation modelsthat can be used at a very early design stage, such as at the behavioral level and then follow thedesign through the various design stages. To achieve this, SystemC is selected as a platform andimplementation example for the behavioral level models. SystemC supports design refinement,which means that when designs are being refined and are crossing the design levels, the noisecoupling models can also be refined to suit the current design.This new method of thinking in primarily mixed-signal designs is called Behavioral levelNoise Coupling (BeNoC) simulation and shows great promise in enabling a reduction in the costsof design iterations due to component cross-talk and simplifies the work for mixed-signal systemdesigners.
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| 108. |
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| 109. |
- Lundgren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Substrate Noise Coupling models for Behavioral Mixed-Signal Simulation in SystemC
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings. 4th IEEE International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications, (IWSOC'04), 2004. ; , s. 201-205
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present methods and models to simulate substrate noise coupling at the behavioral level. The models are implemented as a part of the SystemC based Behavioral level Noise Coupling (BeNoC) simulation application. The application is designed as a wrapper to SystemC component modules, enabling designers to simulate substrate noise coupling in their modules during the entire circuit refinement process. This is enabled through the two main contributions presented in this paper: (1) methods to connect the behavioral level with low level circuit simulations and (2) generation of a fast and accurate circuit model for substrate coupling simulations. The accuracy of the generated substrate noise coupling model is verified against device simulations. The same verification test case is used to demonstrate the connection between behavioral simulations and circuit simulations.
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| 110. |
- Lundgren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Taking Mixed-Signal Substrate Noise Coupling Simulation to the Behavoral Level using SystemC
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (IWSOC 2004)).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents methods and models to simulate substrate noise coupling at the behavioral level. The models are implemented as a part of the SystemC based Behavioral level Noise Coupling (BeNoC) simulation application. The application is designed as a wrapper to SystemC component modules, enabling designers to simulate substrate noise coupling in their modules during the entire circuit refinement process. This is enabled through the two main contributions presented in this paper: (1) methods to connect the behavioral level with low level circuit simulations and (2) generation of a fast and accurate circuit model for substrate coupling simulations. The accuracy of the generated substrate noise coupling model is verified against device simulations. The same verification test case is used to demonstrate the connection between behavioral simulations and circuit simulations.
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