| 61. |
- Björneholm, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Superficial Tale of Two Functional Groups : On the Surface Propensity of Aqueous Carboxylic Acids, Alkyl Amines, and Amino Acids
- 2022
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Ingår i: Accounts of Chemical Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0001-4842 .- 1520-4898. ; 55:23, s. 3285-3293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ConspectusThe gas-liquid interface of water is environmentally relevant due to the abundance of aqueous aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Aqueous aerosols often contain a significant fraction of organics. As aerosol particles are small, surface effects are substantial but not yet well understood. One starting point for studying the surface of aerosols is to investigate the surface of aqueous solutions. We review here studies of the surface composition of aqueous solutions using liquid-jet photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with theoretical simulations. Our focus is on model systems containing two functional groups, the carboxylic group and the amine group, which are both common in atmospheric organics. For alkanoic carboxylic acids and alkyl amines, we find that the surface propensity of such amphiphiles can be considered to be a balance between the hydrophilic interactions of the functional group and the hydrophobic interactions of the alkyl chain. For the same chain length, the neutral alkyl amine has a lower surface propensity than the neutral alkanoic carboxylic acid, whereas the surface propensity of the corresponding alkyl ammonium ion is higher than that of the alkanoic carboxylate ion. This different propensity leads to a pH-dependent surface composition which differs from the bulk, with the neutral forms having a much higher surface propensity than the charged ones. In aerosols, alkanoic carboxylic acids and alkyl amines are often found together. For such mixed systems, we find that the oppositely charged molecular ions form ion pairs at the surface. This cooperative behavior leads to a more organic-rich and hydrophobic surface than would be expected in a wide, environmentally relevant pH range. Amino acids contain a carboxylic and an amine group, and amino acids of biological origin are found in aerosols. Depending on the side group, we observe surface propensity ranging from surface-depleted to enriched by a factor of 10. Cysteine contains one more titratable group, which makes it exhibit more complex behavior, with some protonation states found only at the surface and not in the bulk. Moreover, the presence of molecular ions at the surface is seen to affect the distribution of inorganic ions. As the charge of the molecular ions changes with protonation, the effects on the inorganic ions also exhibit a pH dependence. Our results show that for these systems the surface composition differs from the bulk and changes with pH and that the results obtained for single-component solutions may be modified by ion-ion interactions in the case of mixed solutions.
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| 62. |
- Bondesson, Laban, et al.
(författare)
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Density functional theory calculations of hydrogen bonding energies of drug molecules
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2860 .- 1872-8014 .- 0166-1280. ; 776:1-3, s. 61-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen bonding energies of several drug molecules have been calculated using hybrid density functional theory with inclusion of basis set superposition error corrections. The calculated total hydrogen bonding energy of each drug molecule has been compared with the result of a conceptually simple additive model, from which the summation of hydrogen bonding energies of individual polar groups present in the drug molecule are considered. It is shown that the validity of the additive model is strongly conditional, and to some extent predictable: In cases where the hydrogen bonding group is isolated the addition model can be of relevance, while in cases where the hydrogen bonding groups are interconnected through pi-conjugation rings or chains of the drug molecules it introduces substantial errors. It is suggested that such strong cooperative effects of hydrogen bonds should always be taken into account for evaluation of the hydrogen bonding energies of drug molecules.
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| 63. |
- Bondesson, Laban, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen bonding effects on infrared and Raman spectra of drug molecules
- 2007
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 66:2, s. 213-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infrared and Raman spectra of three drug molecules, aspirin, caffeine and ibuprofen, in gas phase and in aqueous solution have been simulated using hybrid density functional theory. The long range solvent effect is modelled by the polarizable continuum model, while the short range hydrogen bonding effects are taken care of by the super-molecular approach with explicit inclusion of water molecules. The calculated spectra are found to compare well with available experimental results. The agreement obtained make grounds for proposing theoretical modeling as a tool for characterizing changes in the bonding environments of drug molecules in terms of particular variations in their IR and Raman spectra.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Bondesson, Laban, et al.
(författare)
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Solvation of N3- at the water surface : the Polarizable Continuum Model approach
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 110:23, s. 11361-11368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new quantum mechanical model to introduce Pauli repulsion interaction between a molecular solute and the surrounding solvent in the framework of the Polarizable Continuum Model. The new expression is derived in a way to allow naturally for a position-dependent solvent density. This development makes it possible to employ the derived expression for the calculation of molecular properties at the interface between two different dielectrics. The new formulation has been tested on the azide anion (N-3(-)) for which we have calculated the solvation energy, the dipole moment, and the static polarizability at the interface as a function of the ion position. The calculations have been carried out for different ion-surface orientations, and the results have also been compared with the parallel electrostatic-only solvation model.
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| 66. |
- Bouchet, Aude, et al.
(författare)
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Conformational Effects Induced by Guest Encapsulation in an Enantiopure Water-Soluble Cryptophane
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 76:5, s. 1372-1383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new water-soluble cryptophane 1 derivative (penta-hydroxyl cryptophane-A) has been synthesized from cryptophanol-A and the chiroptical properties of its two enantiomers M M-1 and P P-1 have been studied by polarimetry, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). Cryptophane 1 shows specific circular dichroism responses upon complexation that depend on the size of the guest and on the nature of the counterion (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) present in the solution. In LiOH and NaOH solutions, chiroptical changes induced by the encapsulation of guests and by the presence of cations in the vicinity of hosts can be interpreted from molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio calculations by subtle conformational changes of the bridges. In KOH solution, the exchange dynamics is dependent on the size of the guest molecules, whereas in CsOH solution no encapsulation effect is observed whatever the size of the guest molecule. This last behavior comes from the fact that host 1 exhibits a very high affinity for cesium cations.
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| 67. |
- Bouchet, Aude, et al.
(författare)
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Enantioselective Complexation of Chiral Propylene Oxide by an Enantiopure Water-Soluble Cryptophane
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 76:10, s. 4178-4181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ECD and NMR experiments show that the complexation of propylene oxide (PrO) within the cavity of an enantiopure water-soluble cryptophane 1 in NaOH solution is enantioselective and that the (R)-PrO@PP-1 diastereomer is more stable than the (S)-PrO@PP-1 diastereomer with a free energy difference of 1.7 kJ/mol. This result has been confirmed to by molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio calculations. The enantioselectivity is preserved in LiOH and KOH solutions even though the binding constants decrease, whereas PrO is not complexed in CsOH solution.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Brena, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling near-edge fine structure x-ray spectra of the manganese catalytic site for water oxidation in photosystem II
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 134:41, s. 17157-17167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Mn 1s near-edge absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) has been computed by means of transition-state gradient-corrected density functional theory (DFT) on four Mn 4Ca clusters modeling the successive S 0 to S 3 steps of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII). The model clusters were obtained from a previous theoretical study where they were determined by energy minimization. They are composed of Mn(III) and Mn(IV) atoms, progressing from Mn(III) 3Mn(IV) for S 0 to Mn(III) 2Mn(IV) 2 for S 1 to Mn(III)Mn(IV) 3 for S 2 to Mn(IV) 4 for S 3, implying an Mn-centered oxidation during each step of the photosynthetic oxygen evolution. The DFT simulations of the Mn 1s absorption edge reproduce the experimentally measured curves quite well. By the half-height method, the theoretical IPEs are shifted by 0.93 eV for the S 0 → S 1 transition, by 1.43 eV for the S 1 → S 2 transition, and by 0.63 eV for the S 2 → S 3 transition. The inflection point energy (IPE) shifts depend strongly on the method used to determine them, and the most interesting result is that the present clusters reproduce the shift in the S 2 → S 3 transition obtained by both the half-height and second-derivative methods, thus giving strong support to the previously suggested structures and assignments.
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| 70. |
- Brinne Roos, Johanna, 1976-
(författare)
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Electron Recombination with Small Molecular Ions
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis I have theoretically studied electron recombination processes with small molecular ions. In these kind of processes resonant states are involved. To calculate the potential energy for these states as a function of internuclear distance, structure calculations and scattering calculations have to be performed. So far I have been studying the ion-pair formation with in electron recombination with H3+. The cross section for this process has been calculated using different kind of models, both a time dependent quantum mechanical and a semiclassical. I have also studied the direct process of dissociative recombination of HF+. To calculate the total cross section for this process, we have performed wave packet propagation on thirty resonant states and summed up the individual cross sections for these states. The cross sections for both these processes have a similar appearance to those measured experimentally in the ion storage ring CRYRING in Stockholm.
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