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- Engström, Carl-Peter, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Functional status and well being in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with regard to clinical parameters and smoking: a descriptive and comparative study.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Thorax. - 0040-6376. ; 51:8, s. 825-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Self-assessment questionnaires which measure the functional and affective consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) give valuable information about the effects of the disease and may serve as important tools with which to evaluate treatment. METHODS: A cross sectional comparative study was performed between patients with COPD (n = 68), stratified according to pulmonary function, and a healthy control group (n = 89). A battery of well established clinical and quality of life measures (the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Mood Adjective Check List (MACL), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD)) was used to examine in which functional and affective aspects the patient group differed from the control group and how these measures related to pulmonary function and smoking habits. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, COPD affected functional status in most areas, not just those requiring physical activity. Forty six patients with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) below 50% predicted showed particularly high levels of dysfunction in ambulation, eating, home management, and recreation/ pastimes (SIP). Despite this, their level of psychosocial functioning and mood status was little different from that of the healthy controls. Among the patients, a subgroup reported substantial psychological distress, but mood status was only weakly, or not at all, related to pulmonary function. Smoking habits did not affect functional status or well being. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life is not significantly affected in patients with mild to moderate loss of pulmonary function, possibly due to coping and/or pulmonary reserve capacity. This suggests that generic self-assessment questionnaires are of limited value for detecting the early consequences of COPD. However, in later stages of the disease they are sensitive enough to discriminate between patients with different levels of pulmonary dysfunction. The low correlations between the indices of pulmonary function and the indices of affective status suggest that well being depends, to a large extent, on factors outside the clinical domain.
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| 2. |
- Engström, Carl-Peter, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled study.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. - 0036-5505. ; 31:4, s. 207-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (FEV1 < 50% pred.) were randomized to a rehabilitation group and a control group. The rehabilitation group took part in an individualized multidisciplinary, outpatient 12-month rehabilitation programme. Exercise training was intensive during the first 6 weeks and was then gradually replaced by an individual home-training programme and booster sessions. Controls received the usual outpatient care. Positive effects were found in terms of maximum symptom-limited exercise tolerance and walking distance (13.5 and 12.1% increase, respectively) in the rehabilitation group compared with the controls. Quality of life measurements showed minor beneficial effects on the Sickness Impact Profile, indicating a higher level of activity. No effect was seen on the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire or the Mood Adjective Check List. Patients expressed their enthusiasm for the rehabilitation programme in a study-specific questionnaire.
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| 3. |
- Engström, Carl-Peter, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity of a Swedish version of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire.
- 1998
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - 0903-1936. ; 11:1, s. 61-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was designed to measure quality of life (QoL) in obstructive pulmonary disease. Its reliability, validity and sensitivity have been demonstrated. The aim was to develop a Swedish version of the SGRQ and to confirm its scaling and clinical properties. The SGRQ was adapted for Swedish conditions following a translation-backtranslation procedure. The psychometric and clinical evaluation included 68 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Supplementary QoL, clinical and physiological data were collected. A follow-up study was performed 1 yr later. Correlation analysis used a multitrait-multimethod model. Internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity were documented by performing a multitrait analysis. The results confirmed expected levels of associations. Correlation coefficients between the SGRQ total score and the Sickness Impact Profile Total score (a generic health measure), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and 6 min walking distance were 0.69, -0.42 and -0.61 respectively. The pattern of correlations in the Swedish data set was very similar to that of the original. The stability of the SGRQ scores was confirmed at follow-up after 1 yr. The reliability was satisfactory, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients >0.80 for the SGRQ and its subdimensions. In conclusion, the Swedish version of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire is reliable, valid and compares well with the corresponding tests of the original version.
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| 4. |
- Jauhiainen, Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Electrical properties of undoped polycrystalline diamond thin films on silicon
- 1996
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Ingår i: Diamond for Electronic Applications. Symposium. ; , s. 331-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the electrical properties of undoped polycrystalline diamond thin films deposited on (100)-oriented n-type and p-type silicon substrates. The films, intended for electronic applications, were manufactured using hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD). To a large extent the capacitance-voltage characteristics are influenced by traps located close to the interface between the diamond layer and the silicon substrate. These traps play an important role for voltage sharing between the diamond layer and the silicon space charge region. The DC current density through the diamond film has the same functional dependence on the electric field for films deposited on both n- and p-Si. The field dependency agrees with a Frenkel-Poole transport model. Further, although the DC current transport is thermally activated, it does not follow an Arrhenius relation. A possible reason is that traps within a broad range of energy levels are involved in the charge transport. Finally, current transients resulting from stepwise changes in the applied voltage follow a power law time dependence where the kinetics depend only weakly on temperature
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