| 31. |
- Wang, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and high pressure induced amorphization of C60 nanosheets
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 91:10, s. 103112-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- C-60 nanosheets with thicknesses in the nanometer range were synthesized by a simple method. Compared to bulk C-60, the lattice of the nanosheets is expanded by about 0.4%. In situ Raman spectroscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction under high pressures have been employed to study the structure of the nanosheets. The studies indicate that the bulk modulus of the C-60 nanosheets is significantly larger than that of bulk C-60. The C-60 cages in nanosheets can persist at pressures over 30 GPa, 3 GPa higher than for bulk C-60. These results suggest that C-60 crystals in even small size will be a potential candidate of superhard materials.
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| 32. |
- Wang, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of thin, rectangular C60 nanorods using m-xylene as shape controller
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley Interscience. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 18:14, s. 1883-1888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin, rectangular C60 nanorods in face-centered cubic structure are synthesized by using m-xylene as a shape controller. These unusual nanorods can easily grow on various substrates. The smallest nanorods have widths smaller than 30 nm. The nanorods are highly crystalline in single phase. A significant expansion of the lattice constant is also found in the C60 nanorods when their widths decrease below about 80 nm.
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| 33. |
- Yang, Xigui, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Superhard sp3 Carbon Allotrope from Cold-Compressed C70 Peapods
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 118:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design and synthesis of new carbon allotropes have always been important topics in condensed matter physics and materials science. Here we report a new carbon allotrope, formed from cold-compressed C70 peapods, which most likely can be identified with a fully sp3-bonded monoclinic structure, here named V carbon, predicted from our simulation. The simulated x-ray diffraction pattern, near K-edge spectroscopy, and phonon spectrum agree well with our experimental data. Theoretical calculations reveal that V carbon has a Vickers hardness of 90 GPa and a bulk modulus ∼400 GPa, which well explains the "ring crack" left on the diamond anvils by the transformed phase in our experiments. The V carbon is thermodynamically stable over a wide pressure range up to 100 GPa, suggesting that once V carbon forms, it is stable and can be recovered to ambient conditions. A transition pathway from peapod to V carbon has also been suggested. These findings suggest a new strategy for creating new sp3-hybridized carbon structures by using fullerene@nanotubes carbon precursor containing odd-numbered rings in the structures.
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| 34. |
- Yang, Xigui, et al.
(författare)
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Polarized Raman study of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes arrays under high pressure
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:49, s. 27759-27767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tuning the intertube interaction and the topological structure of carbon nanotubes by the application of pressure may obviously affect their properties such as optical and electronic properties. However, characterizing such changes is still challenging. Here, we performed polarized Raman scattering studies on aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays (MWNTAs). Unlike researchers from the previous literature, we found that the MWNTAs exhibit a polarization dependence similar to that of isolated single walled carbon nanotubes at ambient conditions. Upon compression, the polarization dependence weakens gradually with increasing pressure up to ∼20 GPa, which has been discussed in terms of pressure-induced enhancement of intertube interactions. At around 20 GPa, the depolarization effect vanishes, which can be explained by the formation of interlinked sp3 bonding in the MWNTAs. Our results show that polarized Raman spectroscopy is an efficient method to explore not only intertube interaction but also structural transition changes in MWNTs, which overcome the difficulty that MWNTs have no obvious fingerprints like those of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the study of structural transformations.
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| 35. |
- Yang, Zhenxing, et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous phonon softening of G-band in compressed graphitic carbon nitride due to strong electrostatic repulsion
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 118:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphitic carbon nitride (C2N and C3N) with various p electron distributions on layers have been studied under pressure through acombined theoretical and experimental approach and a comparison with graphite. It is found that as these materials transform into lowcompressibility phases in the pressure range from 15 to 45 GPa, strong electrostatic repulsion between p electrons and in-plane sp2 electronsmay distort and soften the sp2 bonds, leading to anomalous pressure evolutions of the intralayer phonon vibrations, such as a plateau-likebehavior of E2g mode (G-band) in C2N and C3N. This also causes a slow increase in the resistivity/resistance of C2N and C3N as pressureincreases, and the gradual interlayer bonding leads to an abrupt increase in resistance of the materials but with different pressure responsesdue to their different p electron distributions. Moreover, the intensity enhancement of the G band in both CN materials may be related totheir electronic structure changes. The results deepen our understanding of the effects of p electron distribution on the structural transitionof graphitic materials and may explain some unexplained in previous studies.
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| 36. |
- Yang, Zhenxing, et al.
(författare)
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Tuning the band gap and the nitrogen content in carbon nitride materials by high temperature treatment at high pressure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 130, s. 170-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nitride (C-N) materials have been attracting great interest because of their extraordinary performance in photocatalysis and energy conversion. However, developing an effective strategy for achieving band-gap engineering of C-N materials to satisfy practical applications remains highly desired. Here we report an efficient way to tune the band gap and control the nitrogen stoichiometry in carbon nitride compounds by using high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) treatment. It is found that treating a g-C3N4 precursor at relatively low temperature (630oC and below) under pressure can efficiently narrow the band gap even down to the red light region (~600 nm), increase the crystallinity, and significantly improve the charge carrier separation efficiency (by two orders of magnitude), almost without changing their stoichiometry. When increasing the treatment temperature under pressure, nitrogen-doped graphene/graphite materials with weak ferromagnetism were obtained. We thus obtained C-N materials with tunable band gaps, ranging from semiconducting to metallic states. XPS measurements show that pyridinic nitrogen is preferentially eliminated under such HPHT conditions while graphitic nitrogen is preserved in the C-N network. Our results thus provide an efficient strategy for tuning the structure and physical properties of C-N materials for applications.
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| 37. |
- Yao, Mingguang, et al.
(författare)
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Confined adamantane molecules assembled to one dimension in carbon nanotubes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 49:4, s. 1159-1166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have encapsulated adamantane (C10H16) in single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Adamantane is a high symmetry cage like molecule with point group symmetry T-d and can be considered as a hydrogen-terminated diamond fragment. We confirmed and identified the successful filling by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance of the adamantane filled nanotubes reveals that the adamantane molecules stop rotating after encapsulation. A blue-shift of the Raman active radial breathing modes of the carbon nanotubes supports this and suggests a significant interaction between encapsulated adamantane molecules and the single wall nanotubes. The encapsulated adamantane molecules exhibit red shifted infrared C-H vibration modes which we assign to a slight elongation of the C-H bonds. We observe both a nanotube diameter dependence of the adamantane filling ratio and a release rate of adamantane from the CNTs that depends on the CNT diameters.
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| 38. |
- Yao, Mingguang, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of high pressure on electrical transport in the Li4C60 fulleride polymer from 100 to 400 K
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 81:15, s. 155441-155448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ resistance measurements have been carried out on Li4C60 under pressures up to 2 GPa at temperatures from below 100 to 400 K. In agreement with recent reports we find an Arrhenius law behavior for the conductivity, which can be interpreted in terms of Li+ ionic conduction with an activation energy near 225 meV. The activation energy decreases with increasing pressure at an initial rate of about −11%/GPa and the room-temperature conductivity increases by a factor of about 6 from 0.1 to 2 GPa. We also observe conductivity terms with a lower excitation energy, most probably associated with conduction by electrons excited from defect-induced states in the main band gap. We discuss this conduction behavior in the context of recent measurements on both Li4C60 and other alkali-metal intercalated phases such as Rb4C60, Na2C60, and Na4C60. After heating to 400 K at 2 GPa the conduction behavior changes drastically, manifested by a change in the slopes of R versus T curves signifying newly created gap states. Postexperimental characterization by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction indicate the loss of Li especially from the grain surfaces. Finally, high-pressure Raman studies suggest a possible metallization transition above 9 GPa.
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| 39. |
- Yao, Mingguang, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of rare-earth component of the RE/Ni catalyst on the formation and nanostructure of single-walled carbon nanotubes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 110:31, s. 15284-15290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic experimental study has been carried out on the efficiency of bimetallic catalysts based on Ni and the rare-earth elements Y, La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Lu ( group A) and Eu, Sm, Yb, and Tm ( group B) in the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The two groups give quite different results when analyzed by a combination of SEM/TEM and Raman and UV-NIR spectroscopies. The elements in group A have an obvious catalytic effect and increase the yield of SWNTs dramatically, whereas those in group B are not efficient catalysts. The diameter distribution of the synthesized SWNTs was also affected by the rare-earth element used. For group A metals, there is a tendency that the fraction of small-diameter tubes decreases with decreasing ionic radius of the rare-earth element used. EDX and X-ray analyses indicate that group A metals deposit on the cathode deposits and form rare-earth carbides, whereas no group B metals are found in cathode deposits, except for a small amount of Tm present in the form of thulium carbide. Further analysis indicates that there is a very strong correlation between the ability to form rare-earth carbides and the catalytic efficiency for the formation of SWNTs.
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| 40. |
- Yao, Mingguang, et al.
(författare)
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Electrical transport properties of Na2C60 under high pressure
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 80:11, s. 115405-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present direct resistance measurements on Na2C60 under high pressure up to 2 GPa in the temperature range ~90–500 K. We show that fresh, nominally pure Na2C60 exhibits a semiconductor-type conduction behavior at all experimental conditions, with a 1.2 eV band gap and a conduction strongly influenced by defect gap states. Contrary to Rb4C60 and Na4C60, both band gap and gap states have large pressure dependences. In contrast, a Na2C60 sample preserved in an oxygen-free environment for several months shows conduction by another mechanism, variable range 3D hopping. This is consistent with recent findings of nanoscale phase segregation in Na2C60 and can be understood in terms of conduction by intergrain hopping. Heating the sample at 2 GPa leads to a significant change in the resistivity, suggesting a structural transition. By characterizing the sample after the phase transformation with Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction we identify a phase separation of the material into two main structures, linearly polymerized orthorhombic C60 and two-dimensionally polymerized Na4C60.
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