| 21. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV in dilepton final states
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A measurement is presented of the production cross section of top quark pairs (σ_{\ttbar{}}) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at √s = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Using a data sample of 35 pb−1, candidate events are selected in the dilepton topology with large missing transverse energy, \met{}, and at least two jets.A baseline analysis employing kinematic properties of the candidate events to separate the signal from background and using data-driven techniques to determine the most important backgrounds, results in a measurement ofσ_{\ttbar{}} = 173 ± 22(stat.)+18 −16(syst.)+8 −7(lum.) pb,where the three uncertainties are from statistics, systematics and integrated luminosity, respectively.We also perform a cross section measurement requiring at least one b-tagged jet and a looser kinematic selection that increases the signal-to-background ratio, yieldingσ_{\ttbar{}} = 171 ± 22(stat.)+21 -16(syst.)+7 −6(lum.) pb.Additional studies are performed to corroborate these measurements; a technique that normalizes the \ttbar{} signal yield to the measured rate of Z decays, a two-dimensional template shape fit using the \met{} vs the number of jets to simultaneously measure the production cross sections of \ttbar{}, WW and Z → ττ final states, and a simultaneous measurement of σ_{\ttbar{}} and the b-tagging efficiency using the distribution of the number of tagged jets in each event.All the measurements are in good agreement with each other and the Standard Model prediction.
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| 22. |
- Aalberg Haugen, Inger M., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Latitudinal phenological adaptation : diapause induction and differentiation between alternative developmental pathways in a butterfly
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 1. Seasonal phenotypic plasticity entails differential trait expression depending on the time of season. The facultative induction of winter diapause in temperate insects is a developmental switch mechanism often leading to differential expression in life history traits. However, when there is a latitudinal shift from a bivoltine to univoltine life cycle, selection for pathway-specific expression is disrupted, which may allow drift towards less optimal trait values within the non-selected pathway.2. We use field- and experimental data from five Swedish populations of Pararge aegeria to investigate latitudinal variation in voltinism, local adaptation in the diapause switch, and footprints of selection on pathway-specific regulation of life history traits and sexual dimorphism in larval development.3. Field data clearly illustrated how natural populations gradually shift from bivoltinism to univoltinism as latitude increases. This was supported experimentally as the decrease in direct development at higher latitudes was accompanied by increasing critical daylengths, suggesting local adaptation in the diapause switch.4. The differential expression among developmental pathways in development time and growth rate was significantly less pronounced in univoltine populations. Univoltine populations showed no significant signs of protandry during larval development, suggesting that erosion of the direct development pathway under relaxed selection has led to the loss of its sex-specific modifications.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Aalberg Haugen, Inger Marie, 1980-
(författare)
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The diapause switch : Evolution of alternative developmental pathways in a butterfly
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diapause decision is a classic example of a threshold switch mechanism with cascading effects on morphology, behaviour and life-history traits. This thesis addresses the downstream effects of the insect diapause switch, with the main focus on pathway-specific regulation of life-history traits, using the speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria) as a study species. The ultimate pathway decision is made towards the end of larval development and allows the larvae to take into account up-to-date information from the environment about future conditions (Paper I, IV). However, already from an early point in development the larvae are sensitive to environmental cues and continuously adjust their growth trajectory in accordance to current information about the environmental conditions to be expected in future (Paper IV). An asymmetry in the ability to change from one developmental pathway to another at a late point in larval development suggests that the diapause and the direct pathway require different physiological preparations (Paper IV). Pathway-specific regulation of traits downstream of the diapause switch is maintained by ongoing selection. When the direct pathway is not regularly expressed, as with a shift from bivoltinism to univoltinism, relaxed selection on the unexpressed pathway leads to genetic drift and loss of protandry (Paper II, III). Natural populations display local adaptations in the diapause switch with an increase in critical daylengths as there is a gradual shift from bivoltinism to univoltinism (Paper III). This thesis highlights two aspects of the diapause decision, the determination of how and when this decision is made as well as the way the resulting pathways are moulded by selection in order to produce adaptive seasonal polyphenism in life-history traits.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Aalto, Aino-Maija, et al.
(författare)
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From Epidemic to Pandemic : Did the COVID-19 Outbreak Affect High School Program Choices in Sweden?
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study whether the onset of the COVID-19 crisis affected the program choices of highschool applicants in Sweden. Our analysis exploits the fact that the admission processconsists of two stages: a preliminary round in which applicants rank programs in orderof preference and a final round in which they have full flexibility to alter their preliminaryrankings. In 2020, the timing of the two rounds happened to provide a unique pre- and post-crisis snapshot of applicants’ preferences for various fields of study. Using school-leveldata on applicants’ top-ranked programs for all admission rounds between 2016 and 2020,we implement a difference-in-differences method to identify the immediate effect of thecrisis on program preferences. We find no change in preferences for academic programs,but a decline in top-ranked applications to some of the vocational programs. The declinesare most pronounced and robust for several service-oriented programs, in particular thoserelated to hotel and restaurant, which was the most adversely affected industry during thecrisis. This finding suggests that labor market considerations influence the study choicesmade by relatively young students.
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| 27. |
- Aare, Cecilia, 1959-
(författare)
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Reportaget som berättelse : En narratologisk undersökning av reportagegenren
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is the first dissertation where the genre of reportage (in the U.S. classified as literary journalism) is systematically mapped with the help of narratology. Using tools primarily from structural discourse narratology, the thesis examines, describes and maps written reportages as narratives. Rhetorical and cognitive narratology complement the approach. The investigation rests on two assumptions. Firstly, a reporter’s professional purpose is to report about people and states of affairs outside the reporter herself. This results in a contextual commitment, which leaves traces in the narrative in the form of a textual commitment. The latter is in turn divided into narrative empathy and narrative compassion/sympathy. The thesis highlights the creation of narrative structures and stylistic features in reportages and the overall conclusion is that conceptions about a reporter’s professional purpose in fact do influence the narrativity of the text. Secondly, in contrast to news journalism, reportage is a personal genre that can be considered a directed reality: the content is taken from reality but the form is personal and a consequence of the writing reporter’s choices. The thesis presents a narratological model where the text develops in the interplay between three instances: a director, a narrator (in a first-person reportage a narrating reporter) and experiencing characters (in a first-person reportage including an experiencing reporter). The director should be regarded as a structuring property of the text itself. Part 1 provides a historical background to the reportage genre and the social side of the reporter role. In part 2, narrative characteristics of the genre are explored and defined together with the common roots of reportage and novels within realism and naturalism. Part 3 demonstrates how a contextual commitment can be transformed into a textual commitment. Throughout the dissertation, the director model is used to investigate differences and similarities between subcategories within the genre, sometimes between single texts, sometimes between reportage in general and fictional narrative. In part 4, a typology of reportage is presented. The genre is divided into five types of narration, based on the representational relation between how the physical reporter has collected information and in what ways an experiencing reporter is or is not apparent in the text. The thesis ends with a historicization of consonance and dissonance within the reportage genre. Consonance emphasizes the characters’ “here-and-now” and can be found within a broad, classical tradition of eyewitness reporting. Dissonance emphasizes the narrator’s retrospective perspective and can be found within the modernistic type of American New Journalism and in more experimentally written reportages from the most recent decades. The thesis demonstrates how both these ways of narrating may enable the reader’s narrative empathy with someone else than the experiencing reporter.The analyses and conclusions are mainly based on Swedish reportages from 1819 to 2014. This material is complemented with international reportages from 1903 to 2007, from Norway, Poland, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Bohemia, Croatia, Belarus and the U.S. Accordingly, the dissertation demonstrates that traditions of reportage are primarily international and that the observations about narrative patterns within the genre are also relevant outside of Sweden.
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| 28. |
- Aare, Kätlin, et al.
(författare)
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Backchannels and breathing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings from FONETIK 2014. - Stockholm : Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University. - 9789163756627 - 9789163756634 ; , s. 47-52
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study investigated the timing of backchannel onsets within speaker’s own and dialogue partner’s breathing cycle in two spontaneous conversations in Estonian. Results indicate that backchannels are mainly produced near the beginning, but also in the second half of the speaker’s exhalation phase. A similar tendency was observed in short non-backchannel utterances, indicating that timing of backchannels might be determined by their duration rather than their pragmatic function. By contrast, longer non-backchannel utterances were initiated almost exclusively right at the beginning of the exhalation. As expected, backchannels in the conversation partner’s breathing cycle occurred predominantly towards the end of the exhalation or at the beginning of the inhalation.
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| 29. |
- Aare, Kätlin, et al.
(författare)
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Inhalation amplitude and turn-taking in spontaneous Estonian conversations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings from Fonetik 2015 Lund, June 8-10, 2015. - Lund : Lund University. ; , s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores the relationship between inhalation amplitude and turn management in four approximately 20 minute long spontaneous multiparty conversations in Estonian. The main focus of interest is whether inhalation amplitude is greater before turn onset than in the following inhalations within the same speaking turn. The results show that inhalations directly before turn onset are greater in amplitude than those later in the turn. The difference seems to be realized by ending the inhalation at a greater lung volume value, whereas the initial lung volume before inhalation onset remains roughly the same across a single turn. The findings suggest that the increased inhalation amplitude could function as a cue for claiming the conversational floor.
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| 30. |
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