| 61. |
- Kim, Jaewon, 1978-
(författare)
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Trade, Unemployment and Labour Market Institutions
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of three papers, summarized as follows. "The Determinants of Labour Market Institutions: A Panel Data Study" This paper analyses the argument that labour market institutions can be thought of as devices for social insurance. It investigates the hypotheses that a country's exposure to external risk and ethnic fractionalisation are correlated with labor market institutions. Extreme bounds analysis with panel data of fourty years indicates that countries that are more open to international trade have stricter employment protection, strong unions, and a more coordinated wage bargaining process. Moreover, there is evidence that union density is negatively associated with the degree of ethnic fracationalisation. "Why do Some Studies Show that Generous Unemployment Benefits Increase Unemployment Rates? A Meta-Analysis of Cross-Country Studies" This paper investigates the hypothesis that generous unemployment benefits give rise to high levels of unemployment by systematically reviewing 34 cross-country studies. In contrast to conventional literature surveys, I perform a meta-analysis which applies regression techniques to a set of results taken from the existing literature. The main finding is that the choice of the primary data and estimation method matter for the final outcome. The control variables in the primary studies also affect the results. "The Effects of Trade on Unemployment: Evidence from 20 OECD countries" This study empirically investigates if international trade has an impact on aggregate unemployment in the presence of labour market institutions. Using data for twenty OECD countries for the years 1961-2008, this study finds that an increase in trade leads to higher aggregate unemployment as it interacts with rigid labour market institutions, whereas it may reduce aggregate unemployment if the labour market is characterised by flexibility. In a country with the average degree of the labour market rigidities, an increase in trade has no significant effect on unemployment rates.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Lindahl, Lena, 1973-
(författare)
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A comparison of family and neighborhood effects on grades, test scores, educational attainment and income - evidence from Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Inequality. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1569-1721 .- 1573-8701. ; 9:2, s. 207-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares sibling and neighborhood correlations in school performance, educational attainment and income as a way to learn whether the neighborhood where a child grows up in might explain parts of the sibling similarities found in previous sibling correlation studies. The data are based on a cohort of nearly 13,000 individuals born in 1953 and their siblings, all of whom grew up in the Stockholm area. The results show that neighborhood correlations are in general very small and in particular they are much smaller than the sibling correlations. Living in the same neighborhood does not seem to add much to the sibling similarities.
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| 65. |
- Moen, Espen R., et al.
(författare)
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Incentives in Competitive Search Equilibrium
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Review of Economic Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0034-6527 .- 1467-937X. ; 78:2, s. 733-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a labour market model with job search frictions where workers have private information on match quality and effort. Firms use wage contracts to motivate workers. In addition, wages are also used to attract employees. We define and characterize competitive search equilibrium in this context, and show that it satisfies a simple modified Hosios rule. We also analyse the interplay between macroeconomic variables and optimal wage contracts. Finally, we show that private information may increase the responsiveness of the unemployment rate to changes in the aggregate productivity level and, in particular, to changes in the information structure.
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| 66. |
- Olofsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Lärlingsutbildning
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Varför har lärlingsutbildning historiskt haft en relativt svag ställning i Sverige i jämförelse med länder som Danmark och Tyskland? Det är en huvudfråga i denna bok. Författarna belyser dessutom lärlingsutbildningen i relation till arbetsmarknadens organisation, i förhållande till yrkestraditioner och rörlighetsmönster och diskuterar förutsättningarna för en tillväxt av lärlingsutbildningen inom ramen för den nya gymnasieskola som tar form från hösten 2011.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Rödin, Magnus, 1976-
(författare)
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Gender, Ethnicity and Labor Market Disparities
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acculturation identity and employment among second and middle generation immigrants This paper explores the employment implications for individuals with a foreign background of identification to the ethnic group and to the majority culture. Results indicate that what matters for employment outcomes is an attachment to the majority culture while a strong attachment to the ethnic group is not per se detrimental for employment outcomes. Acculturation Identity and Higher Education: Is There a Trade-off Between Ethnic Identity and Education? This paper examines the role of identification to home and host cultures on the pursuit of higher educations. Results indicate that men with a bicultural identity are associated with higher probabilities of completed tertiary educations than men that identify only with the majority culture. Results put into question the premise of oppositional identities, i.e. a trade-off between ethnic identity and higher educational achievement. Is It How You Look or Speak That Matters? - An Experimental Study Exploring the Mechanisms of Ethnic Discrimination Using a laboratory experiment, this paper explores if beliefs about an individual’s performance are affected by how this person looks and speaks. Results show that individuals not perceived as stereotypically Swedish are considered to be worse performers. However, when candidates are presented by both looks and speech, differential evaluations based on looks disappear. Instead, we find strong negative beliefs about performance for candidates that speak Swedish with a foreign accent. Gender Differences in Exiting Tournaments - Experimental Evidence from Mexico, Norway and Sweden Using data from a television game-show, this study examines if men and women, who have actively self-selected into a competitive environment, differ in their propensity to exit a high-stakes tournament. Results show no gender differences in the propensity to leave the tournament in all three countries tested.
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| 69. |
- Selén, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Welfare State's Redistributive Effect Is Exaggerated
- 2011
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Ingår i: Review of European Studies. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education (CCSE). - 1918-7173 .- 1918-7181. ; 3:1, s. 71-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article questions traditional analysis of the redistributive effect of the welfare state and investigates how large the effect would be with a realistic alternative for comparison. The most commonly used reference point is the zero-government counterfactual that measures redistributive effect of social policy against distribution of pre-tax and pre-transfer income. But it is impossible to ignore the fact that some form of transfer is necessary. The elderly and sick, for example, must have their means of support organised in a way other than via the public transfers under investigation. This article shows that when using an adequate alternative for comparison, social policy impact on income distribution is significantly smaller.
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| 70. |
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