| 281. |
- Bengtsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment outcome in orthognathic surgery - A prospective comparison of accuracy in computer assisted two and three-dimensional prediction techniques
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1010-5182. ; 46:11, s. 1867-1874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of the present study was to assess the accuracy of two- and three-dimensional prediction techniques in orthognathic surgery. It was also a test of the very planning sequence. The scientific question was how well does the software support the surgeon in his way to find the perfect correction of the facial appearance while normalizing the occlusion? Thirty patients with a class III occlusion were included in this prospective study. Surgical planning with both techniques were undertaken for all patients. Surgery was performed according to the two-dimensional technique. The cephalometric measurements from two-dimensional and three dimensional predictions were compared with the postoperative results at the 12 months follow-up respectively. Together with an analysis of tracing error, placements of 2020 markers, 1860 measurements and 1280 comparisons was performed. The analysis showed an equally high accuracy for the studied techniques. The highest accuracy was found in the anterior maxilla. There was a tendency for an overestimation for the three-dimensional technique and an underestimation for the two-dimensional technique. Conclusions: The present study indicates an equal high accuracy in predicting facial outcome for both studied techniques. However, in those patients with asymmetric malocclusion and/or facial appearance the three-dimensional technique has an obvious advantage. (C) 2017 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.
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| 282. |
- Bengtsson, Magnus Wilhelm, 1977-
(författare)
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Effects of Orexins, Guanylins and Feeding on Duodenal Bicarbonate Secretion and Enterocyte Intracellular Signaling
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The duodenal epithelium secretes bicarbonate ions and this is regarded as the primary defence mechanism against the acid discharged from the stomach. For an efficient protection, the duodenum must also function as a sensory organ identifying luminal factors. Enteroendocrine cells are well-established intestinal “taste” cells that express signaling peptides such as orexins and guanylins. Luminal factors affect the release of these peptides, which may modulate the activity of nearby epithelial and neural cells.The present thesis considers the effects of orexins and guanylins on duodenal bicarbonate secretion. The duodenal secretory response to the peptides was examined in anaesthetised rats in situ and the effects of orexin-A on intracellular calcium signaling by human as well as rat duodenal enterocytes were studied in vitro.Orexin-A, guanylin and uroguanylin were all stimulants of bicarbonate secretion. The stimulatory effect of orexin-A was inhibited by the OX1-receptor selective antagonist SB-334867. The muscarinic antagonist atropine on the other hand, did not affect the orexin-A-induced secretion, excluding involvement of muscarinic receptors. Orexin-A induced calcium signaling in isolated duodenocytes suggesting a direct effect at these cells. Interestingly, orexin-induced secretion and calcium signaling as well as mucosal orexin-receptor mRNA and OX1-receptor protein levels were all substantially downregulated in overnight fasted rats compared with animals with continuous access to food. Further, secretion induced by Orexin-A was shown to be dependent on an extended period of glucose priming.The uroguanylin-induced bicarbonate secretion was reduced by atropine suggesting involvement of muscarinic receptors. The melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole attenuated the secretory response to intra-arterially administered guanylins but had no effect on secretion when the guanylins were given luminally. In conclusion, the results suggest that orexin-A as well as guanylins may participate in the regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion. Further, the duodenal orexin system is dependent on the feeding status of the animals.
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| 283. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Employee Compensation in Entrepreneurial Companies
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. - : Wiley. - 1058-6407. ; 22:2, s. 312-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the central role played by human capital in entrepreneurship, little is known about how employees in entrepreneurial firms are compensated and incentivized. We address this gap in the literature by studying 18,935 non-CEO compensation contracts across 1,809 privately held venture-backed companies. Our key finding is that employee compensation varies with the degree to which VCs versus founders control the business. We show that relative to founder-controlled firms, VC-controlled firms pay their hired-on (i.e., nonfounder) employees higher cash salaries, provide stronger cash and equity incentives, and have more formal pay policies in place. We also observe that founder employees earn less cash pay and face weaker cash incentives than do hired-on employees, but have stronger equity incentives. We propose that the compensation differences we identify arise because the preferences and capabilities of controlling shareholders significantly influence the quality of the human capital attracted and retained by the firm.
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| 284. |
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| 285. |
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| 286. |
- Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Megraft: A software package to graft ribosomal small subunit (16S/18S) fragments onto full-length sequences for accurate species richness and sequencing depth analysis in pyrosequencing-length metagenomes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Research in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-2508 .- 1769-7123. ; 163:6-7, s. 407-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metagenomic libraries represent subsamples of the total DNA found at a study site and offer unprecedented opportunities to study ecological and functional aspects of microbial communities. To examine the depth of a community sequencing effort, rarefaction analysis of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU/16S/18S) gene in the metagenome is usually performed. The fragmentary, non-overlapping nature of SSU sequences in metagenomic libraries poses a problem for this analysis, however. We introduce a software package – Megraft – that grafts SSU fragments onto full-length SSU sequences, accounting for observed and unobserved variability, for accurate assessment of species richness and sequencing depth in metagenomics endeavors.
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| 287. |
- Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Metaxa2 Database Builder: enabling taxonomic identification from metagenomic or metabarcoding data using any genetic marker
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bioinformatics (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-4811 .- 1367-4803. ; 34:23, s. 4027-4033
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Correct taxonomic identification of DNA sequences is central to studies of biodiversity using both shotgun metagenomic and metabarcoding approaches. However, no genetic marker gives sufficient performance across all the biological kingdoms, hampering studies of taxonomic diversity in many groups of organisms. This has led to the adoption of a range of genetic markers for DNA metabarcoding. While many taxonomic classification software tools can be re-trained on these genetic markers, they are often designed with assumptions that impair their utility on genes other than the SSU and LSU rRNA. Here, we present an update to Metaxa2 that enables the use of any genetic marker for taxonomic classification of metagenome and amplicon sequence data.We evaluated the Metaxa2 Database Builder on eleven commonly used barcoding regions and found that while there are wide differences in performance between different genetic markers, our software performs satisfactorily provided that the input taxonomy and sequence data are of high quality.Freely available on the web as part of the Metaxa2 package at http://microbiology.se/software/metaxa2/.Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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| 288. |
- Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Towards monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in the environment: For what reasons, how to implement it, and what are the data needs?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment International. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human and animal health and well-being. To understand AMR dynamics, it is important to monitor resistant bacteria and resistance genes in all relevant settings. How-ever, while monitoring of AMR has been implemented in clinical and veterinary settings, comprehensive monitoring of AMR in the environment is almost completely lacking. Yet, the environmental dimension of AMR is critical for understanding the dissemination routes and selection of resistant microorganisms, as well as the human health risks related to environmental AMR. Here, we outline important knowledge gaps that impede implementation of environmental AMR monitoring. These include lack of knowledge of the 'normal' background levels of environmental AMR, definition of high-risk environments for transmission, and a poor understanding of the concentrations of antibiotics and other chemical agents that promote resistance selection. Furthermore, there is a lack of methods to detect resistance genes that are not already circulating among pathogens. We conclude that these knowledge gaps need to be addressed before routine monitoring for AMR in the environment can be implemented on a large scale. Yet, AMR monitoring data bridging different sectors is needed in order to fill these knowledge gaps, which means that some level of national, regional and global AMR surveillance in the envi-ronment must happen even without all scientific questions answered. With the possibilities opened up by rapidly advancing technologies, it is time to fill these knowledge gaps. Doing so will allow for specific actions against environmental AMR development and spread to pathogens and thereby safeguard the health and wellbeing of humans and animals.
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| 289. |
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| 290. |
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