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Sökning: LAR1:gu > (2010) > Högskolan i Halmstad

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11.
  • Hildingh, Cathrine, et al. (författare)
  • The association among hypertension and reduced psychological well-being, anxiety and sleep disturbances : a population study
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 24:2, s. 366-371
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hypertension (HP) is a serious condition affecting about one quarter of all adults, both men and women. Genetic and environmental factors are of importance in its aetiology, while psychosocial factors may also play a role. This study focused on psychosocial factors and examined the association among reduced psychological well-being, anxiety, sleep disturbances and HP by comparing people with HP and the general population. A national survey of 12 166 individuals (hypertensives n = 2047; rest of population n = 10 119) was conducted using two-step multiple logistic regression with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. The study is in accordance with Swedish legislation pertaining to ethics. Reduced psychological well-being, anxiety and sleep disturbances were higher in the HP group and, in addition, reduced psychological well-being was, still higher in the presence of severe anxiety and serious sleep disturbances. These three factors are of major importance for HP, but it is difficult to know whether they are causes or consequences. In order to prevent HP, support for people who exhibit such risk factors should be a matter of high priority.
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13.
  • Jansson, Inger, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of documented nursing care plans by the use of nursing-sensitive outcome indicators
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:3, s. 611-618
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Rationale and aim: There is a lack of evidence that nursing care plans affect patient outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether documented nursing care plans affect patient outcomes by the use of nursing-sensitive outcome indicators. Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional design with patients surveyed at time of discharge from two hospital units for patients with stroke and after 2-3 weeks at home. The control unit (A) did not employ care plans. The intervention unit (B) used care plans on a daily basis. Outcome was measured by 'the National Stroke Register' and the two questionnaires: 'Quality of patients' perspective' and 'Euroquol five dimensions'. Data were collected over a 5-month period (October 2007-February 2008). Results: In total, 87 patients were included in the study. Patient characteristics in the two groups at admission and the health-related quality of life 2 to 3 weeks after discharge were similar. The patients from unit B were more satisfied with individual care (P = 0.03) and participation (P = 0.007). Unit B also had a shorter length of stay (P = 0.004). Conclusions: The effects of documented care plans are difficult to evaluate from a patient perspective, as many factors can improve the outcome. However, documentation of care plans is a prerequisite for measuring the quality and outcome of the care provided. This small study indicates that documented care plans may affect patient satisfaction regarding individual care, participation and length of hospital stay.
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14.
  • Jansson, Inger, et al. (författare)
  • Factors and conditions that influence the implementation of standardized nursing care plans
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Open Nursing Journal. - Hilversum : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1874-4346. ; 4, s. 25-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rationale and aim: There is a lack of evidence about how to successfully implement standardized nursing care plans (SNCP) in various settings. The aim of this study was to use the “Promotion Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework” (PARIHS) to explore important factors and conditions at hospital wards that had implemented SNCPs.Method. We employed a retrospective, cross-sectional design and recruited nurses from four units at a rural hospital and seven units at a university hospital in the western and southern region of Sweden where SNCPs had been implemented. Outcome was measured by means of a questionnaire based on the PARIHS-model.Result: In total, 137 nurses participated in the study. The main factors that had motivated the nurses to implement SNCPs were that they were easy to understand and follow as well as corresponding to organisational norms. The SNCPs were normally based on clinical experience, although research more frequently formed the basis of the SNCPs at the university hospital. Internal facilitators acted as important educators, who provided reminders to use the SNCP and feedback to the SNCP users. The patient experience was not considered valuable. Those who claimed that the implementation was successful were generally more positive in all measurable aspects. The use of SNCPs was rarely evaluated.Conclusions: Clinical experience was considered important by the nurses, while they attributed little value to the patient experiences. Successful implementation of research based SNCPs requires internal facilitators with knowledge of evidence-based nursing.
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15.
  • Jansson, Inger, 1964 (författare)
  • Planerad processorienterad omvårdnad – nytta och implementering
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • To ensure the provision of good and safe nursing care in the ward, the nursing needs of each patient should be established and clearly documented in the form of care plans in his/her medical record. There is a lack of scientific evidence of the benefits of this method of working as well as why this part of the nursing process is not always successful. The main aim of this thesis was to describe the assessment and decision-making process pertaining to nursing needs performed by nurses, to evaluate the consequences of planned, process oriented nursing care and to identify the factors and conditions that have had an impact on the implementation of individual care plans (ICP) and standardized care plans (SCP). In studies I and III, qualitative methods were used. In study I, data collection and analysis were carried out by means of Grounded theory. Study III was conducted by means of directed content analysis and guided by “The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework”. In studies II and IV, quantitative methods were employed. The benefits of a planned, process oriented method of working involving documentation of care plans have been investigated from the perspective of both the patient and the nurse. Nurses who applied the process oriented method adopted a nursing perspective in the assessment of and decision making pertaining to the patient’s nursing needs, which was not the case with nurses who did not work in this way and who instead exhibited a more medical approach (I). Patients cared for in wards where care plans were documented reported being more involved and that the care was more tailored to their individual needs compared to those not cared for in this manner (II). Leadership that prioritises the development of nursing care is essential for the implementation and continued use of ICPs and SCPs. Another important factor was the presence of internal facilitators in the ward in the form of nurses with a clear mandate to work with these issues. The nurses reported that they did not discuss scientific evidence as a basis for performing planned process oriented nursing care and that they did not listen to patient experiences to any great extent (III, IV). The conclusion is that structured, process oriented nursing care based on written care plans probably promotes the nursing perspective and enables patient participation. Leadership as well as facilitators with a clear role and mandate are important factors in the implementation of this method of working and scientific evidence is of less importance.
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16.
  • Karlsson, Ann-Kristin, 1953, et al. (författare)
  • Well-being in patients and relatives after open-heart surgery from the perspective of health care professionals
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - Oxford : Wiley. - 1365-2702 .- 0962-1067. ; 19:5-6, s. 840-846
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: The aim of this study was to explore how health care professionals perceive the well-being of patients and relatives following open-heart surgery. BACKGROUND: Open-heart surgery is an extraordinary life event associated with hope and fear among both patients and relatives, thus they require attention from health care professionals. Patients' short stay in hospital after surgery and the workload of health care professionals increase the risk that reduced well-being will be overlooked. Health care professionals need to become familiar with the signs of reduced well-being. DESIGN: The study has an observational design and was performed using a qualitative method. METHOD: Health care professionals working with patients who have undergone open-heart surgery participated in focus group discussions. The data were analysed by means of content analysis. RESULTS: Two categories emerged: signs of vulnerability and signs of insecurity. The latent meaning of the study was interpreted as awareness of an exposed position. CONCLUSION: The health care professionals were aware of patients' and relatives' exposed position following open-heart surgery. Reduced well-being was communicated by bodily and emotional signs, which were captured using direct communication or intuition. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Developing the ability to recognise signs of reduced well-being is important for minimising the negative influences associated with open-heart surgery for patients and relatives. Increased awareness that both anger and avoidance can mask depression is important. Patients and their relatives, particularly younger ones, should be observed to ensure early detection of a life crisis provoked by the heart disease. Furthermore, staff should invite patients and their partners to talk about sexuality. Changes aimed at increasing patients' and relatives' well-being would be facilitated by interdisciplinary teamwork, 'reflection groups' for a greater exchange of knowledge and the implementation of a patient/family perspective. The latter would lead to greater interest in the relatives' situation and position in cardiac care.
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17.
  • Karlsson, Göran, 1954- (författare)
  • Animation and grammar in science education : Learners’ construal of animated educational software
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1556-1607 .- 1556-1615. ; 5:2, s. 167-189
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This case study reports on how students, working collaboratively, interpret and construct a written report of the events described in animated educational software. The analysis is based on video recordings of two upper-secondary-school students while they are endeavouring to construe an animated sequence of the mouldering process. How the students grammatically construct their written account by means of available semiotic resources (i. e., animation and educational text) provided by the software is investigated. The results show that attentionally detected features of the animation take the role of active subjects in the students' description of the animated phenomena. When framing their sentences, the students derive noun phrases from animated active subjects and from the educational text. In the students' efforts to express themselves in their own words, they use verbs that differ from the educational text. These two actions together contribute to giving the students' description of the process a character of a non-scientific explanation. Lacking relevant subject matter knowledge, the students cannot judge whether they have given an adequate account or not. The only way that the students have to appraise their written report is to check if it is grammatically correct. It is concluded that it is essential to consider both cultural and semiotic processes when designing technology-supported educational approaches to the teaching of scientific concepts. © 2010 International Society of the Learning Sciences, Inc.; Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.
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18.
  • Karlsson, Göran, 1954- (författare)
  • Learning science by digital technology : Students’ understanding of computer animated learning material
  • 2010
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Digital learning material is associated with grand expectations among educational policy makers. Several attempts to introduce this new technology with the purpose of enhancing learning have been made in recent years. The schooling system has, however, been rather hesitant and not so ready to adopt this kind of teaching aid. The aim of this thesis is to probe into students‘ practical problems of understanding computerised science learning material involving animated sequences and educational text. For the purpose of this investigation an application describing the different events in the carbon cycle was developed. Two studies present analyses of students‘ reasoning and actions when working collaboratively with the task of making a written account of what is illustrated in the learning material. Both studies present examples of identified phenomena that were observed in more extensive empirical materials. The data is represented by video recordings of students‘ interaction with each other and the interface. Results from the studies reveal students‘ propensity for concentrating their attention to prominent characteristics of the animated display and to describe the animated models in correspondence to their resemblance of objects and occurrences in everyday life. In study II it is revealed how students, when constructing a written report of the described events, derive noun phrases from attentionally detected objects in the animation and from the educational text. In their effort to express themselves in colloquial language, when preparing their report, they deliberately select verbs that differ from the educational text. These courses of action together, contribute to give the report on what happens in the process a non-scientific explanation. It is concluded that students, lacking definite access to the relevant subject matter knowledge, consequently, cannot judge whether they have given an approvable account or not. Findings from the studies show that the school context with its explicit stipulations of assignments and implicit request for expressing oneself in your own words frames the learning and creates conditions for how the technology is used and understood. The results indicate that animated models of scientific concepts risk inferring misconceptions if students are left on their own with interpreting information from the learning material. Despite the detected problems of students‘ interpretations of the described phenomena, the results indicate that animated learning material can proffer an exploitable resource in science education. Such a prospect is the ability of animation to engage students in discussions of the subject and to make them recognise otherwise unobservable phenomena.
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