| 321. |
- Jacobsson, Stefan, 1975
(författare)
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Access management in intermodal freight terminals: The perspective of road haulier operations
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Given its possibilities of switching freight from road to more sustainable modes such as rail, inland water ways and seaways, intermodal freight transportation depends on environmental and economic variables. At the same time, intermodal freight transportation is essentially complex due to the variety of modes of transport and their corresponding actors. To reduce the complexity of such transport, the interaction of those actors and the exchange of information are crucial. In short, the more enhanced information exchange among actors, the higher potential of improving their management of access to intermodal terminals (e.g. railroad terminals and seaports). In this work, access management, refers to the management of the process of actors accessing resources for specific activities in transportation systems. Improved access management that relies upon increased information exchange among those actors might increase resource efficiency via the improved management of truck arrivals to terminals and of road haulier operations. The goal of this research is to clarify how access management affects resource efficiency in road haulage in intermodal freight transportation. Accordingly, the purpose of the research is to improve access management at intermodal freight terminals from the perspective of road haulier operators.The thesis is a compilation of three papers that reports studies involving literature reviews, participant observations, interviews, focus group meetings, and time measurements. First, literature regarding access management and information exchange for road hauliers in intermodal freight transportation was studied. Second, a framework was developed in order to sort and analyse the identified information-related attributes required to improve access management for road hauliers. Third, a differentiation and segmentation framework with corresponding strategies are devised afford a better overview for analysing different access management service used by the industry, as well as to segment access depending on whether the terminal is a railroad terminal or a seaport. Fourth, an information exchange framework was developed and implemented in a smartphone app to measure and analyse the potential operational benefits of improved access management. The major contributions of this work, except the definition of access management, are clarifications of how contemporary access is handled, how access management can be improved, and investigations of the potential operational benefits of improved access management.
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| 322. |
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| 323. |
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| 324. |
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| 325. |
- Onufrey, Ksenia, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Transformation in a mature industry: the role of business and innovation strategies
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims to investigate the relationship between business and innovation strategies in a time of industry transformation. The paper conceptualizes business and innovation strategies based on two main dimensions, the competitive position and the resource position. For the business strategy, the paper addresses Porter’s (1980, 1985) generic competitive strategies and the resource-based view (Barney, 2001b). For the innovation strategy, the paper addresses the dimensions of technology strategy (Zahra and Covin, 1993) and the degree and the type of ambidexterity. The empirical case study builds on 15 interviews with 8 producers in the Swedish pulp and paper industry, which currently faces transformation pressures. The interview results are also complemented with the results of the survey sent to all pulp and paper plants in Sweden. Regarding business strategies, the results reveal three strategic groups, with different characteristics in terms of both competitive position and resource position. For innovation strategies, the results show that the companies mainly differed with regard to competitive positioning, while with regard to resource position, they were more similar. In particular, a common for most companies type of ambidexterity strategy, market-driven exploitation, is revealed and explained. In terms of interrelation between the business and innovation strategies, the results complement previous research by showing a clear relationship between the two strategy types for competitive position dimension, and by providing a more detailed understanding of this relation within the resource dimension. The paper provides a complementary explanation of the observed slow transformation of the industry, highlighting the strains such a transformation puts on the involved companies in terms of the trade-offs involved in changing strategic direction while retaining core capabilities.
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| 326. |
- van der Werf, H. M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Towards eco-efficient agriculture and food systems: theory, praxis and future challenges
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 73, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper introduces the Special Volume (SV) dedicated to the 2012 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Food Conference. During recent years, these conferences have seen a rapid increase in the number of participants, reflecting the development of an interdisciplinary research and development community at the intersection between the agronomic, food/nutrition science and environmental system analysis disciplines. This introductory paper summarises the key issues addressed in the individual papers of this SV, which present a balance between methodological and applied studies. The application of LCA to agro-food systems exemplifies a dynamic and productive interaction between scientific disciplines that previously led separate lives. As a result, LCA in the agro-food sector leads LCA methodological developments on topics such as the attributional versus consequential debate, land use changes, impacts on biodiversity, biotic resource depletion, water use, soil quality, and modelling of direct emissions of crop and animal production systems. Future challenges for the LCA Food research and development domain concern the following issues: functional unit and multi-functionality, emission models, land occupation and transformation, LCA for low-income countries, resilience of agro-food systems and presentation and transparency of results. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 327. |
- Williamsson, Jon, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility study of the electrification of the urban goods distribution transport system, part II
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on the results from FFI project Feasibility study of the electrification of the urban goods distribution transport system (Vinnova reg. no. 2011-01803), this project aimed to investigate how urban goods distribution fleets can be electrified and how new logistics solutions and incentives can influence the transition in a positive way, considering the year 2015, 2020 and 2025. The project is divided into five work packages (WP). The purpose of the first work package, WP1 Fleet Electrification Study, was to evaluate at what rate it is possible for urban goods distribution fleets to become electrified. WP2, Service Impact Evaluation, is a description of ICT services to support electric trucks for goods distribution in cities. The purpose of WP3, Comparative Fleet Electrification Case and Best Practice Investigation, was to compare the electrification case for TGM/Bäckebol in Gothenburg to a reference case in France and to the findings from research and demonstration projects within Europe. WP4, Method Description, package had two purposes. First, it aimed to broadly describe, from a project management perspective, how the project was executed. Second, it presents a review of the project based on the members’ views on how the project was conducted. Finally, WP5, Project Management, included the operative project management activities in the different work packages as well as administrative work such as financial reporting and communications on project progress and results. The project results show that it is difficult for the EVs to compete in 2015 considering a replacement of the diesel trucks with all-electric trucks. However, in 2020 the switch to an EV produces a small profit. This positive outcome for the EV is repeated in 2025 over 8 years of operation. Comparing the results, the two shifts solution never did get financially competitive with the diesel vehicle used in one shift. The reason for this was that the cost of unsocial hours was greater than the benefit of increased utilization of the EVs. Keeping the amount of unsocial hours down, while maximizing the utilization rate of the EV is therefore paramount. In other cities than Gothenburg, where congestion causes severe delays, the efficiency gained by distributing goods off-hours might balance the higher salary costs. The starting point in both the previous and in this project was the introduction of new technology to reduce the negative environmental impact of transports. As the project progressed it became clear that many parameters, other than strictly technological ones, influence the possibility to make a transition to electric distribution. One example, as described above, is the case of off-hour distribution, where the increased salary cost was too high to make the business case profitable. Another example is the limited range of electric vehicles. As the cost competitiveness of electric vehicles benefit greatly from specialization, the business relationship between the transport operator and the shippers becomes more important than in the case of a diesel vehicle. Long term assignments with well-defined transport routes are preferable to be able to use the vehicles long term and dare to take the higher investment cost.
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| 328. |
- Johansson, Daniel, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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The future of oil in a carbon constrained world
- 2012
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Ingår i: Handbook of Oil Politics / Robert E. Looney (ed.). - London : Routledge. - 9781857435832 ; , s. 415-434
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 329. |
- Ó Broin, Eoin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A top-down approach to modelling national energy demand: example of residential sector space heating
- 2011
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Ingår i: Methods and Models used in in the project Pathways to Sustainable European Energy Systems. - 9789197858526 ; , s. 131-135
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Decomposition and econometrics are used to model future energy demand forresidential sector space heating, in the context of the development of the economy.The objective of this modelling work is to assess the roles of national trendsin personal income, energy prices, carbon taxes, and general energy efficiencyimprovements. The outputs should provide an alternative yet complementaryperspective on the development of energy demand to that obtained from modelsthat focus on bottom-up technologies, se e.g., Chapter 14.
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| 330. |
- Ó Broin, Eoin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Future demand for space heating in buildings: a top-down analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN ENERGY PATHWAYS. Pathways to Sustainable European Energy Systems, pp. 363-367. - 9789197858519 ; , s. 363-367
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- If the trends in energy demand for residential sector space heating seen inSweden from 1970 to 2005 continue, total demand is predicted to fall from52 TWh to 47 TWh by 2050. This fall will occur despite projected increasesin average dwelling size and population size. This is because the unit consumption(kWh/m2) of energy use for space heating continues to fall and itstrajectory will offset increases in demand attributable to increases in averagedwelling size and population size. These figures correspond to a reduction inunit consumption for energy for space heating from 125 kWh/m2 to between60 kWh/m2 and 74 kWh/m2. This fall can be amplified through higherenergy prices and increased energy efficiency, to reduce the total to 37 TWh(60 kWh/m2). However, the price elasticity of demand for energy for heatingin dwellings has been found to be very low (-0.16), which means that improvementsin energy efficiency brought about by direct regulatory intervention andincremental technical breakthroughs are of greater importance.
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