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- Järhult, Josef D., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental levels of the antiviral oseltamivir induce development of resistance mutation H274Y in influenza A/H1N1 virus in mallards
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) is the most widely used drug against influenza infections and is extensively stockpiled worldwide as part of pandemic preparedness plans. However, resistance is a growing problem and in 2008-2009, seasonal human influenza A/H1N1 virus strains in most parts of the world carried the mutation H274Y in the neuraminidase gene which causes resistance to the drug. The active metabolite of oseltamivir, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), is poorly degraded in sewage treatment plants and surface water and has been detected in aquatic environments where the natural influenza reservoir, dabbling ducks, can be exposed to the substance. To assess if resistance can develop under these circumstances, we infected mallards with influenza A/H1N1 virus and exposed the birds to 80 ng/L, 1 µg/L and 80 µg/L of OC through their sole water source. By sequencing the neuraminidase gene from fecal samples, we found that H274Y occurred at 1 µg/L of OC and rapidly dominated the viral population at 80 µg/L. IC₅₀ for OC was increased from 2-4 nM in wild-type viruses to 400-700 nM in H274Y mutants as measured by a neuraminidase inhibition assay. This is consistent with the decrease in sensitivity to OC that has been noted among human clinical isolates carrying H274Y. Environmental OC levels have been measured to 58-293 ng/L during seasonal outbreaks and are expected to reach µg/L-levels during pandemics. Thus, resistance could be induced in influenza viruses circulating among wild ducks. As influenza viruses can cross species barriers, oseltamivir resistance could spread to human-adapted strains with pandemic potential disabling oseltamivir, a cornerstone in pandemic preparedness planning. We propose surveillance in wild birds as a measure to understand the resistance situation in nature and to monitor it over time. Strategies to lower environmental levels of OC include improved sewage treatment and, more importantly, a prudent use of antivirals.
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| 2. |
- Lindahl, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-scientific Issues : A Way to Improve Students’ Interest and Learning?
- 2011
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Ingår i: US-China Education Review B. - New York : David Publishing Company. - 2161-6248 .- 1548-6613 .- 1930-1529. ; 8:9, s. 342-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to many documents, there is a strong need to renew science education. One way could be to work with SSI (socio-scientific issues). This paper reports on both students' and teachers' experiences and learning when working with socio-scientific issues in science education in secondary school (aged from 13 to 16). The approach is multidimensional, as factors that influence cognition as well as motivation and the forming of attitudes are complex. Results suggest that SSI work forms are more important than personal factors for explaining outcomes. Relevant issues, autonomy and functioning group work seem to be important aspects of successful SSI work together with structure provided by the teacher, and information that challenges previous knowledge. In general, SSI seems to be most efficient for students, who believe that they learn from presenting and discussing their knowledge, focus on "the large picture", acknowledge own responsibility for learning, find school science personally relevant and are self-efficacious. It seems that the outcomes from SSI work are much in the hands of the teacher. This paper is a short summary of the first year and quantitative part of the project. Further results from the project will later be found in our homepage (http://www.sisc.se).
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| 3. |
- Årestedt, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Social support and its association with health-related quality of life among older patients with chronic heart failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Elsevier / SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 12:1, s. 69-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Social support is generally known to influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but this association is not well explored among older patients with chronic heart failure. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAims: (1) To describe social support in older patients with chronic heart failure in relation to gender. (2) To investigate if age, gender, cohabitation, perceived financial situation, and disease severity are associated with social support. (3) To investigate if social support is associated with HRQoL after controlling for age, gender, and disease severity. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Data were collected in a sample of 349 patients (andgt;= 65 years) with chronic heart failure. Patients HRQoL was measured with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and the Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire. The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction measured social support. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, repeated-measure ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analyses with robust standard errors. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Social support was generally rated high, although being a man, living alone, perceiving a problematic financial situation, and high disease severity (NYHA) were associated with lower levels of social support. Age was not associated with social support. Social support was generally associated with HRQoL, in particular the emotional dimensions. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: Taking social support into account when caring for older patients with heart failure can be of importance for improving or maintaining HRQoL.
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| 4. |
- Brunosson, Albina, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of cooking in food and meal science
- 2013
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Ingår i: 8th International Conference on Culinary Arts and Sciences. - 9789898631084 ; , s. 206-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education and research within the interdisciplinary subject food and meal science can be mediated through science, craft and creativity and cooking is a central activity. This paper aims at elucidating some aspects of cooking through the perspectives “Culture and Communication” “Food Science” and “Nutrition and Health”. This was done through a survey among students and teachers. The results stress the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to understand the different aspects of cooking and the prominent view on cooking as a cultural and communicative activity.
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| 7. |
- Brunosson, Albina, 1986-
(författare)
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Livsviktigt med hem- och konsumentkunskap
- 2013
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Ingår i: Skånes fria tidning. - 2001-2349.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Korvstoppning, ölbryggeri och ostmakeri. Matnörderiet har kanske aldrig varit så stort som i dag. Men betyder det att vi fått bättre kunskap om maten vi stoppar i oss och hur den blir till? Knappast, menar Albina Brunnosson, lärare vid Högskolan i Kristianstad och doktorand i kostvetenskap vid Uppsala universitet. I veckans debatt skriver hon att behovet av skolans minsta ämne är större än någonsin. Inte minst för jämställdheten.
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| 8. |
- Brunosson, Albina, 1986-
(författare)
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Måltiden i förskolan : en sammanställning
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Genom intervjuer med förskolepedagoger har flera behov kunnat utkristallisera sig, ofta är behoven snarlika. Samma behov som Annika Unt Widell har uppmärksammat i sitt arbete med Skolmatens vänner har också förskolepersonalen själva upplevt. Främst handlar det om bristande kunskaper hos pedagogerna när det gäller vilken mat som är nyttig och hälsosam. Brist på de kunskaperna gör också att det är betydligt svårare att försöka skapa hälsosamma matvanor hos barnen, eftersom pedagogerna känner sig rådvilla inför alla nya hälsobudskap och uttalanden om vilken mat som är just hälsosam och bra. Just denna osäkerhet hos pedagogerna kan ses som problematisk då våra matvanor grundläggs tidigt i livet. Ytterligare ett problem som flera av pedagogerna har är att de inte vet hur de ska arbeta pedagogiskt med måltiden. Vidare upplever de pedagoger där maten kommer från ett centralkök att de inte har de möjligheter de hade önskat för att arbeta pedagogiskt med måltiden. De menar också att de är maktlösa och inte kan påverka i en viss riktning, även om de vet hur mat- och måltidssituationen skulle kunna förbättras. För de förskolor som får maten från centralkök väcks också frågor om varmhållning och uppvärmning, alltså en slags livsmedelssäkerhet. En av pedagogerna som jobbar på en förskola där maten tillagas, kan uppleva att kokerskan och pedagogerna är långt ifrån varandra i fråga om mat, barn och måltider. Raka motsatsen är det på exempelförskolan Smultronstället där kokerskan är en självklar del av det pedagogiska arbetet. Vidare har jag också noterat att flera pedagoger skulle önska en handledning för att kunna omvandla styrdokumenten till mat- och måltidssituationer i förskolan.
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