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Sökning: WFRF:(Johansson Kenneth) > Refereegranskat

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91.
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92.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Eye movements during visual imagery have a functional role and are related to individual differences in spatial imagery ability
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: In B. Kokinov, A. Karmiloff-Smith, & N. J. Nersessian (Eds.), European perspectives on cognitive science: Proceedings of the European conference on cognitive science EuroCogSci 2011. Sofia: New Bulgarian University Press..
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study investigated eye movements during visual imagery, under two experimental conditions. Participants recalled complex pictures from memory while looking at a blank screen under a condition of free viewing and under a condition where fixation was maintained in the centre of the screen. The recall task was to orally describe the picture. Results showed that, under the condition of free viewing, eye movements spread out and closely reflected content and spatial information from the recalled picture. However, the degree and amplitude of this effect varied among individuals and had a negative correlation with spatial imagery ability. Maintaining central fixation during recall affected and impaired pictorial recall. Descriptions focused significantly more on global and general aspects of the picture than on specific elements and spatial relations, when compared with the free viewing condition. These findings have important implications for visuo-spatial reasoning, mental models and spatial cognition in general.
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93.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Gaze patterns reveal how situation models and text representations contribute to episodic text memory
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Cognition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-0277. ; 175, s. 53-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • When recalling something you have previously read, to what degree will such episodic remembering activate a situation model of described events versus a memory representation of the text itself? The present study was designed to address this question by recording eye movements of participants who recalled previously read texts while looking at a blank screen. An accumulating body of research has demonstrated that spontaneous eye movements occur during episodic memory retrieval and that fixation locations from such gaze patterns to a large degree overlap with the visuospatial layout of the recalled information. Here we used this phenomenon to investigate to what degree participants’ gaze patterns corresponded with the visuospatial configuration of the text itself versus a visuospatial configuration described in it. The texts to be recalled were scene descriptions, where the spatial configuration of the scene content was manipulated to be either congruent or incongruent with the spatial configuration of the text itself. Results show that participants’ gaze patterns were more likely to correspond with a visuospatial representation of the described scene than with a visuospatial representation of the text itself, but also that the contribution of those representations of space is sensitive to the text content. This is the first demonstration that eye movements can be used to discriminate on which representational level texts are remembered and the findings provide novel insight into the underlying dynamics in play.
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94.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Pictures and spoken descriptions elicit similar eye movements during mental imagery, both in light and in complete darkness
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Cognitive Science. - : Wiley. - 0364-0213. ; 30:6, s. 1053-1079
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study provides evidence that eye movements reflect the positions of objects while participants listen to a spoken description, retell a previously heard spoken description, and describe a previously seen picture. This effect is equally strong in retelling from memory, irrespective of whether the original elicitation was spoken or visual. In addition, this effect occurs both while watching a blank white board and while sitting in complete darkness. This study includes 4 experiments. The first 2 experiments measured eye movements of participants looking at a blank white board. Experiment I monitors eye movements of participants on 2 occasions: first, when participants listened to a prerecorded spoken scene description; second, when participants were later retelling it from memory. Experiment 2 first monitored eye movements of participants as they studied a complex picture visually, and then later as they described it from memory. The second pair of experiments (Experiments 3 and 4) replicated Experiments I and 2 with the only difference being that they were executed in complete darkness. This method of analysis differentiated between eye movements that are categorically correct relative to the positions of the whole eye gaze pattern (global correspondence) and eye movements that are only locally correct (local correspondence). The discussion relates the findings to the current debate on mental imagery.
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95.
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96.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • The Dispersion of Eye Movements During Visual Imagery is Related to Individual Differences in Spatial Imagery Ability
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1200-1205). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.. ; , s. 1200-1205
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study explored individual differences in eye movements during visual imagery. Eye movements were recorded for participants who recalled a picture from memory while looking at a blank screen. All participants were tested for working memory capacity and the OSIVQ (Blazhenkova & Kozhevnikov, 2009) was used as an assessment for individual differences in object imagery, spatial imagery and verbal cognitive style. Results revealed a negative correlation between the overall spatial dispersion of eye movements and the spatial imagery score. Consequently, those with a lower spatial imagery score employed a larger degree of eye movements to blank spaces than those with a higher spatial imagery score. No relationship was found between eye movements and the other aspects. We propose that weaker spatial imagery ability increases the “need” to execute eye movements during recall and discuss this finding in relation to the current literature on eye movements to ‘nothing’.
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97.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Using Eye Movements and Spoken Discourse as Windows to Inner Space
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: The Construal of Spatial Meaning : Windows into Conceptual Space - Windows into Conceptual Space. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199641635 - 9780191760020 ; , s. 9-28
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this paper is to show how eye-tracking methodology can be used to study ‘inner space’; both from a theoretical point of view – the existence (or not) of internal image representations – as well as from an applied point of view – the usage of mental imagery in thinking and reasoning. First, we introduce the reader to the mental imagery debate. Second, we summarize studies on mental imagery in different areas of research. Third, we focus on our studies, described in Johansson, Holsanova and Holmqvist (2005, 2006), where we developed a method to study ‘inner space’, and showed that eye movements do to a high degree reflect spatiality during visualizations of both pictures and spoken scene descriptions. Fourth, we discuss theoretical implications, advantages and limitations of this methodology and relate them to current theories of mental imagery, perception and mental simulation. Fifth, we mention relevant application areas and show how our method can be used in thinking and reasoning.
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98.
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99.
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100.
  • Johansson, Sanne, et al. (författare)
  • Estimation of mould growth levels on rendered facades based on surface RH and surface temperature measurements
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-684X .- 0360-1323. ; 45, s. 1153-1160
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many façades made with thin rendering on thermal insulation have problems with biological growth. In this study surface temperature and surface RH were monitored over a 20 month period on test house façades with different constructions (thermal inertia), surface color and compass directions. This data were used to test three theoretical indices of biological growth with the aim of indicating the potential of mould growth on different types of rendered façades. The result show that thin renderings on thermal insulation have significantly higher surface humidities compared to façade constructions with higher thermal inertia and therefore have a higher potential for mould growth. The color is the most important factor for the surface humidity levels on south facing façades (on the northern hemisphere) as darker surfaces absorb more solar radiation and therefore have a higher average temperature. On a north facing façade the heat storage capability of the façade and its effect on the surface temperature is most import
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