| 22801. |
- Malaki, Akhil, 1961-
(författare)
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Informal Finance and Microfinance in Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago : An Institutional Study
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is about informal institutions in informal finance and microfinance in Jamaica and Trinidad-Tobago. Informal institutions as understood in this study are unwritten social norms that cater to specific needs in the society, and can be indirectly captured and measured in their outcome. Informal institutions are deeply embedded in the socio-cultural matrix of a society. In the context of informal finance and microfinance, the outcome of the existence of informal institutions are the indigenous financial intermediaries like Roscas, community based lending, and individual financial brokers.The institutional theoretical framework of this study helps capture the institutional dynamics and the processes in informal finance and microfinance. The theoretical framework demonstrates the following: (1) Informal institutions exist in both informal finance and formal microfinance. (2) It exposes the interface between the financial intermediaries and the informal institutions that govern informal finance and microfinance through certain mechanisms like ‘joint liability’ and ‘social collateral’, which reduce information asymmetries and transactions costs. An implication is that informal institutions address the crucial issue of ‘moral hazards’. (3) The same informal institutions governing informal finance are being adapted and innovated by microfinance. Lending methodologies of informal finance are becoming embedded in microfinance. (4) Microfinance organizations are being transformed into formal financial intermediaries, thereby exposing the process by which informal institutions are also being formalized. (5) An empirical investigation of peoples’ needs, preference and benefits provides the evidence as to why they subscribe to informal institutions via the various financial intermediaries.The findings of this study provide some interesting insights: Firstly, models of financial services based on indigenous institutions have better chances of surviving than imported models. Secondly, informal institutions compete, coexist and even complement formal institutions in providing financial services to the economically active poor. Thirdly, microfinance has not just bridged the gap between formal and the informal finance; it is also becoming a catalyst through which informal institutions are slowly being formalized. Lastly, the client base’s needs, preferences and benefits account for the pervasiveness of informal institutions in informal finance and in microfinance.
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| 22802. |
- Malaxos, Irina
(författare)
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Die russische Konstruktionen "moj+A / A+ moj" (mein+A/ A+ mein) in vokativer Funktion : eine korpusbasierte Analyse
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden bestimmte pragmatische Besonderheiten der russischen Konstruktionen moj+A/ A+moj (mein+A /A + mein) in vokativer Funktion analysiert. Diese Konstruktionen begegnen in zwei Varianten: 1) das Pronomen moj (mein) steht vor dem Adjektiv; 2) das Pronomen moj (mein) befindet sich nach dem Adjektiv. (1) Ja eto ponimaju, moj dorogoj, eto geroizm. [L. Tolstoj. Vojna i mir]. Ich verstehe das, mein Lieber, das ist Heroismus. [L. Tolstoi. Krieg und Frieden (2) – Ja? ja ne byval? Vy eto mne govorite? Neskol’ko raz, milyj moj, neskol’ko raz! [F. Dostoevsky. Idiot] Ich? Ich sollte nicht dagewesen sein? Das sagen Sie zu mir? Mehrmals, mein Lieber, mehrmals. [F. Dostojewski. Der Idiot]). Die empirischen Daten stammen aus dem Russian National Corpus (RNC). Als Slot-Filler treten verschieden Adjektive auf: dorogoj (wörtlich „teurer“), ljubimyj(wörtlich „geliebter“), milyj (lieber), rodnoj (wörtlich „verwandter“), zolotoj (wörtlich „goldener“), sladkij (wörtlich „süßer“), xorošij (wörtlich „guter“) u.a. Die gemeinsamen Elemente ihrer Semantik verweisen auf enge, meistens freundschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen den Kommunikanten. Diese vokativen Konstruktionen entsprechen ihrer Funktion nach in etwa der Anredeform mein lieber. Die Analyse der Korpusdaten hat gezeigt, dass die häufigsten Filler des offenen Slots die quasisynonymischen Adjektive dorogoj (wörtlich „teurer“), ljubimyj (wörtlich „geliebter“), milyj (lieber) und rodnoj (wörtlich „verwandter“) sind. Im Grundkorpus des RNC gibt es 4894 Treffer der betreffenden Konstruktionen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Anredekonstruktionen moj+A/ A+moj(mein+A /A + mein) zu analysieren und die relevanten semantischen und pragmatischen Besonderheiten dieser quasisynonymischen Konstruktionen aufzuzeigen.Literatur:RNC= Russian National Corpus
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| 22803. |
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| 22804. |
- Malaxos, Irina
(författare)
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Некоторые лингвоспецифические особенности прилагательных родной, дорогой, милый и любимый
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- В каждом языке имеются слова, заключающие определенную конфигурацию идей, специфичную только для данного языка. Речь идет об особых концептуальных конфигурациях, которые закрепляются в значении языковых единиц данного языка и воспринимаются носителями языка как нечто само собой разумеющееся. Они отражают определенную картину мира, которая в различных языках может быть различной. Языковые единицы, заключающие нетривиальные особенности, называемые также лингвоспецифической лексикой, представляют особые трудности для лексикографического описания, как в одноязычных, так и в двуязычных словарях.Примером лингвоспецифической лексики являются прилагательные родной, дорогой, милый и любимый. В докладе рассматриваются семантические и лингвоспецифические особенности этих прилагательных в вокативном употреблении и их шведские эквиваленты. Отправной точкой являются предыдущие исследования прилагательного родной (Зализняк, Левонтина, Шмелев 2005, 2012) и других прилагательных, а также лексикографическая информация в одноязычных и двуязычных словарях. В качестве материала для анализа используются корпусные данные Sketch Engine (подкорпуса ruTenTen и параллельного русско-шведского коспуса) и Национального корпуса русского языка (НКРЯ). Целью исследования является выявление лингвоспецифических особенностей этих прилагательных родной, дорогой, милый и любимый в вокативном употреблении и их шведских эквивалентов.
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| 22805. |
- Malaxos, Irina, 1965-
(författare)
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Русские прилагательные родной, любимый, милый и дорогой в вокативной функции: корпусный анализ
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study examines four Russian adjectives used as vocatives: rodnoj (blood-related), ljubimyj (beloved), milyj (darling) and dorogoj (dear).The principal goal is to identify and investigate the pragmatic features of these vocatives, which have not yet been described.The investigation is based on the general theories of the Moscow Semantic School, and deals, among other things, with delimitation of synonyms. The empirical data comes from the Russian National Corpus (RNC).The qualitative analysis focuses on discovering how the above-mentioned vocatives differ from each other and what factors are important when choosing the vocative adjective in a concrete situation.The thesis shows that the choice of a particular vocative depends on three parameters: 1) the type of participants in the situation; 2) tonality (negative/neutral-positive); and 3) the type of situation (critical/non-critical). The adjectives rodnoj, ljubimyj, milyj and dorogoj are near-synonyms: they have pragmatic differences and are therefore not interchangeable in all contexts.The results of the empirical study are verified through statistical analyses such as profile analysis, classification tree (ctree) and random forest (random decision forest). The quantitative analysis demonstrates how the pragmatic features interact with each other and calculates the relative importance of each condition.By identifying features of the use of the near-synonymous vocative-adjectives rodnoj (blood-related), ljubimyj (beloved), milyj (darling), and dorogoj (dear), the dissertation contributes to the description of pragmatic properties of adjectives in lexicographic sources. The results may also be useful for translators, linguists, and learners of Russian as a foreign language.
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| 22806. |
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| 22807. |
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| 22808. |
- Maldonado, Laurie C., et al.
(författare)
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Single Parents in Context
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oxford Bibliographies in Sociology. - : Oxford University Press.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most pressing challenges of single-parent families is the concern for their socioeconomic well-being. Single-parent families are more likely to be poor than two-parent families, and there is growing concern about the rising inequality among family types. Much research has focused on how children fare in single-parent families and whether or not they are at a disadvantage. However, concerns are not limited to children living in single-parent families, but also to single parents themselves. Single parenthood is strongly gendered: single parents are mostly mothers, and they therefore experience unequal opportunities and gender discrimination in the labor market. This bibliography addresses the key issues and debates related to single-parent families. Rather than promoting a single argument, it introduces the reader to a number of different perspectives, without taking a position on one perspective over the other. As the single-parent literature is broad and expanding rapidly, it is difficult to cover all aspects of single parenthood. Instead, this bibliography focuses on single-parent families in context. It covers how individual characteristics of single parents, such as their resources and education, shape aspects of their well-being. Yet the main focus is on how their well-being is also shaped by their socioeconomic and institutional context. How do employment and policy affect the lives of single parents and their children? The bibliography uses a comparative focus to examine the research on single-parent families across countries. Hence, it does not include all publications that address single parenthood, such as the social psychological aspects, but rather it examines the literature that best captures how single parents are doing in the context of the institutions and policies that surround them. This bibliography on “Single Parents in Context” is structured in six major sections. First, a broad overview of the literature is provided in the section on General Contributions This covers what can be considered Classics in the literature, and prior Research Overviews. The second section deals with aspects of the Socioeconomic Well-Being of single parents and their families, including Poverty, Child Well-Being, and Stigma. The next major sections (a substantial part of the bibliography) cover explanations for the often impaired well-being among single-parent families. These sections include resource-based, employment-based, and policy-based explanations. Resource-Based Explanations focus on individual characteristics of the single parents themselves, and include the debate regarding the important Diverging Destinies and Life-Course Perspective. Diverging Destinies suggests that single-parent families are increasingly common among those with lower socioeconomic resources, such as education. Life-Course Perspective discusses the dynamic process of single parenthood over the life course, such as transitions into and out of single parenthood. Employment-Based Explanations examine to what extent, and under which conditions, a job can be a means to improve single parents’ well-being. Employment is indeed important, because in some contexts single parents are employed but remain in poverty—considered the Working Poor. Additionally, single parents face particular challenges in terms of Work-Life Balance and negotiating the demands of work and family. Most importantly, this bibliography covers a wide range of policies and emphasizes various Policy-Based Explanations. Family Policy facilitates maternal employment and, increasingly, paternal care, as well as providing financial transfers to families with children. Active Labor Market Policy represents those policies that are often in the form of services, such as job placement and training. Such policy seeks to facilitate the employment of the inactive and unemployed. Redistributive Policy typically provides income transfers to help families financially sustain themselves. This is support from the social safety net in the form of cash assistance such as housing, food, and child benefit. Naturally, there is overlap between policy types, but family policy for families with children warrants a specific focus. There is also a focus on Child Support, which is a set of policies that regulates financial transfers among households of separated parents. This is followed by Policy Debates, a discussion that emphasizes the key debates around the design and implementation of policy for single-parent families. The final major section, Research Frontiers, lays out the frontiers in single-parent research. It highlights the potential major challenges and opportunities for research in years to come. These areas include Shared Parenting, Methodological Innovations, and Global Perspectives on what works for single parents and their families.
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| 22809. |
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| 22810. |
- Malena, Janson
(författare)
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Film som fostran
- 2008
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Ingår i: Film och andra rörliga bilder - en introduktion.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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