| 41. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Scientific Models : Red Atoms, White Lies and Black Boxes in a Yellow Book
- 2016
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
|
|
| 42. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Scientific Models
- 2016
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
|
|
| 43. |
- Hellström, Fredrik, 1993, et al.
(författare)
-
Generalization Bounds via Information Density and Conditional Information Density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory. - 2641-8770. ; 1:3, s. 824-839
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a general approach, based on an exponential inequality, to derive bounds on the generalization error of randomized learning algorithms. Using this approach, we provide bounds on the average generalization error as well as bounds on its tail probability, for both the PAC-Bayesian and single-draw scenarios. Specifically, for the case of sub-Gaussian loss functions, we obtain novel bounds that depend on the information density between the training data and the output hypothesis. When suitably weakened, these bounds recover many of the information-theoretic bounds available in the literature. We also extend the proposed exponential-inequality approach to the setting recently introduced by Steinke and Zakynthinou (2020), where the learning algorithm depends on a randomly selected subset of the available training data. For this setup, we present bounds for bounded loss functions in terms of the conditional information density between the output hypothesis and the random variable determining the subset choice, given all training data. Through our approach, we recover the average generalization bound presented by Steinke and Zakynthinou (2020) and extend it to the PAC-Bayesian and singledraw scenarios. For the single-draw scenario, we also obtain novel bounds in terms of the conditional α-mutual information and the conditional maximal leakage.
|
|
| 44. |
- Gardella, Eusebio, et al.
(författare)
-
Strongly outer actions of amenable groups on Z-stable nuclear C*-algebras
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal des Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-7824. ; 162, s. 76-123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let A be a separable, unital, simple, Z-stable, nuclear C*-algebra, and let alpha: G -+ Aut(A) be an action of a discrete, countable, amenable group. Suppose that the orbits of the action of G on T(A) are finite and that their cardinality is bounded. We show that the following are equivalent: (1) alpha is strongly outer; (2) alpha (R) idZ has the weak tracial Rokhlin property. If G is moreover residually finite, the above conditions are also equivalent to (3) alpha (R) idZ has finite Rokhlin dimension (in fact, at most 2). If partial differential eT(A) is furthermore compact, has finite covering dimension, and the orbit space partial differential eT(A)/G is Hausdorff, we generalize results by Matui and Sato to show that alpha is cocycle conjugate to alpha (R) idZ, even if alpha is not strongly outer. In particular, in this case the equivalences above hold for alpha in place of alpha (R) idZ. In the course of the proof, we develop equivariant versions of complemented partitions of unity and uniform property Gamma as technical tools of independent interest. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
|
|
| 45. |
- Goffeng, Magnus C H T, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Constructing KMS states from infinite-dimensional spectral triples
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geometry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0393-0440. ; 143, s. 107-149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We construct KMS-states from Li1-summable semifinite spectral triples and show that in several important examples the construction coincides with well-known direct constructions of KMS-states for naturally defined flows. Under further summability assumptions the constructed KMS-state can be computed in terms of Dixmier traces. For closed manifolds, we recover the ordinary Lebesgue integral. For Cuntz–Pimsner algebras with their gauge flow, the construction produces KMS-states from traces on the coefficient algebra and recovers the Laca–Neshveyev correspondence. For a discrete group acting on its Stone–Čech boundary, we recover the Patterson–Sullivan measures on the Stone-Čech boundary for a flow defined from the Radon–Nikodym cocycle.
|
|
| 46. |
- Heinrich, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
-
The space of twisted cubics
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Epijournal de Geometrie Algebrique. - : Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe (CCSD). - 2491-6765. ; 5, s. 1-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the Cohen-Macaulay compactification of the space of twisted cubics in Pn. This compactification is the fine moduli scheme representing the functor of CM-curves with Hilbert polynomial 3t + 1. We show that the moduli scheme of CM-curves in P3 is isomorphic to the twisted cubic component of the Hilbert scheme. We also describe the compactification for twisted cubics in Pn
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Hamon, Thierry, et al.
(författare)
-
Term Ranking Adaptation to the Domain : Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimisation of the C-Value
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Advances in Natural Language Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319108889 ; , s. 71-83
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Term extraction methods based on linguistic rules have been proposed to help the terminology building from corpora. As they face the difficulty of identifying the relevant terms among the noun phrases extracted, statistical measures have been proposed. However, the term selection results may depend on corpus and strong assumptions reflecting specific terminological practice. We tackle this problem by proposing a parametrised C-Value which optimally considers the length and the syntactic roles of the nested terms thanks to a genetic algorithm. We compare its impact on the ranking of terms extracted from three corpora. Results show average precision increased by 9% above the frequency-based ranking and by 12% above the C-Value-based ranking.
|
|
| 49. |
- Jagers, Peter, 1941
(författare)
-
Matematikens ord
- 2009
-
Ingår i: LexicoNordica. ; 16, s. 315-318
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 50. |
- Thörnblad, Karin, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Scheduling optimization of a real flexible job shop including fixture availability and preventive maintenance
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Industrial Engineering. - 1751-5254. ; 9:1, s. 126-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multitask cell at GKN Aerospace Sweden is a flexible job shop containing ten resources aimed at being flexible with regard to product mix and processing types. We present a time-indexed formulation of the problem of optimally scheduling the planned jobs on the resources, also considering a limited availability of fixtures as well as required preventive maintenance activities. The objective is to minimize a weighted sum of the completion times and tardiness for the jobs, where the tardiness weight for a given job is a non-increasing function of its due date. We propose a fast iterative approach to finding a suitable value of the length of the time horizon that needs to be set for the time-indexed formulation and which considerably influences the computation time. Computational results show that the method developed is able to produce optimal, or near-optimal, schedules for real data instances within an acceptable practical time frame.
|
|
