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- Aasmundtveit, K.E., et al.
(författare)
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Structural anisotropy of poly(alkylthiophene) films
- 2000
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 33:8, s. 3120-3127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural anisotropy of various poly(alkylthiophene) films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, using both conventional methods and synchrotron radiation at grazing incidence. Solution-cast films orient with the side chains preferably normal to the film surface, whereas spin-cast films of nonstereoregular material orient with both the main and the side chains in the film plane. For thick (10-50 µm) solution-cast films, the degree of orientation depends strongly on the solvent used for casting, and on the stereoregularity of the polymer, films of stereoregular materials being more oriented than those of nonregular materials. The most oriented nonregular films are those cast from mixtures of chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. Thin (50-500 nm) solution-cast films are more oriented than the thicker ones, and the effects of different stereoregularity or different casting solvents are small. For spin-cast films, the degree of orientation is independent of substrate and solvent. Spin-cast films of stereoregular material have two different phases: One with the side chains normal to the substrate, and another where they are parallel to the substrate. The diffraction peaks of spin-cast poly(octylthiophene) narrow considerably upon heating.
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- Abram, Emese, et al.
(författare)
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The colour of monolithic zirconia restorations determined by spectrophotometric examination
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Ceramics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-6753 .- 1743-6761. ; 118:1-2, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this in vitro study is to examine the optical effects of monolithic zirconia of different translucency and thickness, combined with substrates of different colours. Materials and methods: Zirconia specimens of two colours (A2P1, WHITE) were used for the study, three try-in pastes (Variolink Esthetic); substrates were prepared from nine types of materials (six VITA SIMULATE, three metals). Measurements were carried out at the Faculty of Atomic Physics of the Technical University of Budapest with the state-of-the-art PerkinElmer (R) Lambda 1050 spectrophotometer. Results: The colouring of zirconia has a major effect on dE values resulting in different colour perceptibility and acceptability. Try-in pastes, however, have no significant effects overall. Conclusion: Applying coloured zirconia is highly eligible for preparing aesthetic crowns as their substrate-covering effect makes it possible to reproduce the desired colour. Uncoloured zirconia nonetheless is unaffected by the substrate material, especially above a certain layer thickness.
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- Adman, Per, 1970-
(författare)
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Who cares about the democratic mandate of education? : A text analysis of the Swedish secondary education reform of 2009
- 2014
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several decades after WWII, Swedish education reforms were justified extensivelybased on democratic and equality arguments. The Social Democrats, the partyin governing power during this era, considered a uniform education system crucialto their endeavors towardsa greaterdemocracy and greater equality. According to current research, arguments of this kind are being used increasingly rarely to justify general reforms to public primary and secondary education. It is however unknown whether this is also true forthe leftist/green opposition parties and not only the current center-right governingparties. The subject of this study is parliamentary debate and the text of the government bill concerning the latest keyupper-secondary school reform of 2009, which entailed greater differentiation between students. Consequently, strong criticism from the leftistopposition from the democraticand equality perspectiveswas to be expected. On the contrary, this study shows that the opposition –like the center-right government –used democratic and equality arguments only to a minor extent. The results areconsistent with fears,expressed with regard toSweden and globally,that the democratic mandate is being ignored in the design ofeducation systems forthe future.
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- Admass, Muluneh
(författare)
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3-D numerical modeling of flow and sediment transport in rivers
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fully integrated 3-D, time dependant, hydrodynamic and sediment transport numerical model ECOMSED was used to simulate flow and sediment transport in rivers. ECOMSED was originally developed for large water bodies such as lakes and oceans and solves the primitive equations of RANS along with a second order turbulence model in an orthogonal curvilinear σ- coordinate system. The availability of the model as an open FORTRAN source code made modifications and addition of new models possible. A new bed load transport model was implemented in the code as well as improvements in treatment of river roughness parameterization, bed form effects, and automatic update of flow depth due to bed evolution. The model was applied to 1- km long reach of the River Klarälven, Sweden, where it bifurcates into two west and east channels. The water surface and the flow division in the channels were made in agreement with field data by spatially varying the roughness. However, the spatial distribution of the bed shear stress was not realistic. Improvements were made in the bottom boundary condition to represent the variable effects of bed forms on roughness depending on the flow regime and the flow depth. The improved model realistically reproduced the flow field as well as the sediment transport processes in the river Klarälven.
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- Aiki, T., et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2012
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Ingår i: Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series S. - : American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS). - 1937-1632 .- 1937-1179. ; 5:1, s. 1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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