| 11. |
- Richt, Bengt, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion
- 2005. - 1
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Ingår i: Sjukdomsvärldar. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144043295 - 9789144052779 ; , s. 13-49
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En stor andel av befolkningen i de västerländska samhällena och en växande andel världen över lever med långvarig kroppslig ohälsa. Den utbredda förekomsten har en djupgående påverkan på sättet att leva, både bland de redan sjuka och bland dem som är friska. Kunskap om den kroppsliga ohälsans personliga, sociala och kulturella dimensioner är därför av grundläggande betydelse för förståelsen av tendenser och processer i samtiden.Boken bygger på berättelser från personer som själva lever med olika former av långvarig och ibland svår kroppslig ohälsa. Några kapitel är rättframt rapporterande, medan andra ansluter till sådana förståelseramar som fenomenologi, symbolisk interaktionism och analytisk filosofi. Texten ansluter sig till den internationella vetenskapliga tradition som under senare tid har försökt ge den levda erfarenheten av ohälsa ett språk och en röst, i opposition mot eller som komplement till ett rent biomedicinskt perspektiv. Den är utpräglat tvärvetenskaplig och skriven av personer med olika ämnesbakgrund, alltifrån omvårdnadsvetenskap, filosofi, sociologi och pedagogik till sjukgymnastik och arbetsterapi.Sjukdomsvärldar vänder sig till alla med intresse för vad det kan innebära att leva med kroppslig ohälsa i vardagslivet och för hur de möjliga innebörderna formas av mer övergripande sociala och kulturella omständigheter. Den tvärvetenskapliga inriktningen gör boken väl användbar på såväl olika vårdutbildningar som kurser i både samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 12. |
- Gunnarsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of urea on methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside in alkali at different temperatures
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : SPRINGER. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 26:18, s. 9413-9422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissolution efficiency plays an important role on the properties of regenerated cellulose-based products. Urea is known to be one of the additives aiding to improve cellulose dissolution in the NaOH(aq) system. The acting mechanism caused by urea has been debated and one of the hypothesis is that urea could induce a conformational change on cellulose, which promotes dissolution. Here we used NMR spectroscopy on a model system for cellulose, namely, methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (beta-MeO-Glcp) and compared chemical shifts and J couplings, which both are indicators for conformational changes, as a function of temperature and upon the addition of urea. We found that in NaOH(aq), the hydroxymethyl group changes its conformation in favour of the population of the gt rotamer, while the presence of urea induced temperature dependent conformational changes. Heteronuclear Overhauser effect experiments showed that urea associates with cellulose but in a non-specific manner. This suggests that urea rather than binding to the carbohydrate, changes the chemical environment inducing a change in conformation of beta-MeO-Glcp and likely also for cellulose when dissolved in NaOH(aq) with urea.
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| 13. |
- Hensen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Association scan of the novel psoriasis susceptibility region on chromosome 19 : evidence for both susceptible and protective loci
- 2003
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Ingår i: Experimental dermatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0906-6705 .- 1600-0625. ; 12:4, s. 490-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To follow up the novel psoriasis susceptibility region on chromosome 19 (PSORS6), we performed an association scan for psoriasis vulgaris using 45 evenly spaced DNA microsatellite markers. For this study, a new independent sample of 210 nuclear psoriasis families (trio design) from Northern Germany was recruited. We used the family based association test (FBAT) for an association scan over the chromosome 19 region encompassing 50.8 cM. We obtained a positive association for the markers D19S922 (allele 5, P = 0.008) and D19S916 (allele 13, P = 0.016), which correspond to the peak of the region identified in a previously performed scan. We identified two novel regions by a single marker, each showing negative association at D19S917 on 19p13.1 (allele 8, P = 0.0034) and at D19S425 (allele 9, P = 0.0005), compatible with the hypothesis of protective loci. These two novel regions were explored in more detail using novel microsatellite markers at an average distance of 100 kb. A separate analysis distinguishing between familial (n = 137) and sporadic (n = 73) psoriasis families showed that the familial trios contribute strongly in the region around D19S425 (P = 0.004), while the comparably small subset of 73 sporadic trios has a stronger effect at the locus around D19S917 (P = 0.026). These studies confirm the existence of a psoriasis susceptibility locus on chromosome 19 and give first evidence for the existence of both susceptible and protective loci in this region. Analysis of a dense marker set from these refined regions will eventually allow identification of the underlying susceptibility alleles.
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| 14. |
- Lagunas-Rangel, Francisco Alejandro, et al.
(författare)
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Giardiavirus : an update
- 2021
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Ingår i: Parasitology Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0932-0113 .- 1432-1955. ; 120:6, s. 1943-1948
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Giardiavirus is the only virus that infects Giardia duodenalis, a highly prevalent parasite worldwide, especially in low-income and developing countries. This virus belongs to the Totiviridae family, being a relative of other viruses that infect fungi and protozoa. It has a simple structure with only two proteins encoded in its genome and it appears that it can leave the cell without lysis. All these characteristics make it an interesting study model; however, its research has unfortunately made little progress in recent years. Thus, in this review, we summarize the currently available data on Giardiavirus, from their structure, genome and main proteins, to the uses that have been given to them and the possible health applications for the future.
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| 15. |
- Lay-Ekuakille, A., et al.
(författare)
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Medical image measurement and characterization : Extracting mechanical and thermal stresses for surgery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metrology and Measurement Systems. - : Polska Akademia Nauk. - 0860-8229. ; 28:1, s. 3-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whatever the type of surgery related to inner organs, traditional or robotic, the contact with them during surgery is a key moment for pursuing the intervention. Contacts by means of surgery instruments namely scalpels, staples, clamps, graspers, etc. are decisive moments. False, and erroneous touching and manoeuvring of organs operated on can cause irreversible damage as regard morphological aspects (outer impact) and physiological aspects (inner impact). The topic is a great challenge in the effort to measure and characterize damages. In general, electrical instruments for surgery employ the following technologies: Ultrasound, radiofrequency (monopolar, and bipolar), and laser. They all result in thermal damages difficult to evaluate. The article proposes a method for a pre-screening of organ features during robotic surgery sessions by pointing out mechanical and thermal stresses. A dedicated modelling has been developed based on experimental activities during surgery session. The idea is to model tissue behaviour from real images to help surgeons to be aware of handling during surgery. This is the first step for generalization by considering the type of organ. The measurement acquisitions have been performed by means of an advanced external camera located over the surgery quadrant. The modelling and testing have been carried out on kidneys. The modelling, carried out through Comsol Multiphysics, is based on the bioheat approach. A further comparative technique has been implemented. It is based on computer vision for robotics. The findings of human tissue behavior exhibit reliable results. © 2021. The Author(s).
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| 16. |
- Makhlouf, Abdenacer, et al.
(författare)
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Hom-Lie admissible Hom-coalgebras and Hom-Hopf algebras
- 2009
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Ingår i: Generalized Lie theory in mathematics, physics and beyond. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540853312 - 9783540853329 ; , s. 189-206
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to develop the coalgebra counterpart of the notions introduced by the authors in a previous paper, we introduce the notions of Hom-coalgebra, Hom-coassociative coalgebra and G-Hom-coalgebra for any subgroup G of permutation group S3. Also we extend the concept of Lie-admissible coalgebra by Goze and Remm to Hom-coalgebras and show that G-Hom-coalgebras are Hom-Lie admissible Hom-coalgebras, and also establish duality correspondence between classes of G-Hom-coalgebras and G-Hom-algebras. In another hand, we provide relevant definitions and basic properties of Hom-Hopf algebras generalizing the classical Hopf algebras and define the module and comodule structure over Hom-associative algebra or Hom-coassociative coalgebra.
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| 17. |
- Moesch, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Late specialization : the key to success in centimeters, grams, or seconds (cgs) sports
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 21:6, s. 282-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A controversial question within elite sports is whether young athletes need to specialize early, as suggested by Ericsson et al., or if it is more beneficial to follow the path of early diversification proposed by Côté et al., which includes sampling different sport experiences during childhood and specializing later on during adolescence. Based on a Danish sample of 148 elite and 95 near‐elite athletes from cgs sports (sports measured in centimeters, grams, or seconds), the present study investigates group differences concerning accumulated practice hours during the early stages of the career, involvement in other sports, career development, as well as determining whether or not these variables predict membership in the elite group. The results clearly reveal that elite athletes specialized at a later age and trained less in childhood. However, elite athletes were shown to intensify their training regime during late adolescence more than their near‐elite peers. The involvement in other sports neither differs between the groups nor predicts success. It can be concluded that factors related to the organization of practice during the mid‐teens seem to be crucial for international success within cgs sports. Future research should adopt a longitudinal design with means of drawing causal inferences. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S
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| 18. |
- Schymanski, Emma L, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus Structure Elucidation Combining GC/EI-MS, Structure Generation, and Calculated Properties
- 2012
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society. - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 84:7, s. 3287-3295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores consensus structure elucidation on the basis of GC/EI-MS, structure generation, and calculated properties for unknown compounds. Candidate structures were generated using the molecular formula and substructure information obtained from GC/EI-MS spectra. Calculated properties were then used to score candidates according to a consensus approach, rather than altering or exclusion. Two mass spectral match calculations (MOLGEN-MS and MetFrag), retention behavior (Lee retention index/boiling point correlation, NIST Kovats retention index), octanol water partitioning behavior (log K-ow), and finally steric energy calculations were used to select candidates. A simple consensus scoring function was developed and tested on two unknown spectra detected in a mutagenic subfraction of a water sample from the Elbe River using GC/EI-MS. The top candidates proposed using the consensus scoring technique were purchased and confirmed analytically using GC/EI-MS and LC/MS/MS. Although the compounds identified were not responsible for the sample mutagenicity, the structure-generation-based identification for GC/EI-MS using calculated properties and consensus scoring was demonstrated to be applicable to real-world unknowns and suggests that the development of a similar strategy for multidimensional high-resolution MS could improve the outcomes of environmental and metabolomics studies.
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| 19. |
- Schymanski, Emma L, et al.
(författare)
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Non-target screening with high-resolution mass spectrometry : critical review using a collaborative trial on water analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 407:21, s. 6237-6255
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, a dataset from a collaborative non-target screening trial organised by the NORMAN Association is used to review the state-of-the-art and discuss future perspectives of non-target screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry in water analysis. A total of 18 institutes from 12 European countries analysed an extract of the same water sample collected from the River Danube with either one or both of liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. This article focuses mainly on the use of high resolution screening techniques with target, suspect, and non-target workflows to identify substances in environmental samples. Specific examples are given to emphasise major challenges including isobaric and co-eluting substances, dependence on target and suspect lists, formula assignment, the use of retention information, and the confidence of identification. Approaches and methods applicable to unit resolution data are also discussed. Although most substances were identified using high resolution data with target and suspect-screening approaches, some participants proposed tentative non-target identifications. This comprehensive dataset revealed that non-target analytical techniques are already substantially harmonised between the participants, but the data processing remains time-consuming. Although the objective of a "fully-automated identification workflow" remains elusive in the short term, important steps in this direction have been taken, exemplified by the growing popularity of suspect screening approaches. Major recommendations to improve non-target screening include better integration and connection of desired features into software packages, the exchange of target and suspect lists, and the contribution of more spectra from standard substances into (openly accessible) databases.
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| 20. |
- Berrhazi, Badr-eddine, et al.
(författare)
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RBDSDEs with jumps and optional Barrier and mean field game with common noise
- 2023
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Ingår i: Stochastics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1744-2508 .- 1744-2516. ; 95:4, s. 615-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study a generalization of reflected backward doubly stochastic differential equations (RBDSDEs) and present a link to a general mean field game. In our case, the RBDSDEs are associated with a lower optional not right continuous barrier. First, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution of such RBDSDEs. We then study a mean field game with a new type of common noise related to an electricity grid with storage allowing jumps and prove the existence of a mean field Nash equilibrium.
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