| 1. |
- Aaltonen, Kirsimari, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclin D1 expression is associated with poor prognostic features in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7217 .- 0167-6806. ; 113:1, s. 75-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclins D1 and E play an important role in breast carcinogenesis. High cyclin E expression is common in hormone receptor negative and high grade aggressive breast cancer, whereas cyclin D1 in hormone receptor positive and low grade breast cancer. Experimental data has suggested that cyclin D1 and E mediate cell proliferation by different mechanisms in estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative breast cancer. To test this hypotheses in large breast cancer material and to clarify the histopathological correlations of cyclin E and D1, especially the association with proliferation, we analyzed cyclin E and D1 immunohistochemical expression on breast tumour microarrays consisting of 1348 invasive breast cancers. High cyclin D1 expression was associated with high grade (P < 0.0005), high cyclin A (P < 0.0005) and Ki67 (P < 0.0005) expression among ER positive but with low grade (P = 0.05) and low Ki67 (P = 0.01) expression among ER negative breast cancers. Cyclin E and D1 expression correlated positively in ER positive (P < 0.0005) but had a negative correlation in ER negative tumours (P = 0.004). Cyclin E associated with high grade among all tumours (P < 0.0005). In conclusion, the findings of this study show that cyclin D1 has separate roles, and proliferation is driven by different mechanisms in ER positive and negative breast cancers.
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| 2. |
- Abbott, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Correlated morphological and colour differences among females of the damselfly Ischnura elegans
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecological Entomology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2311 .- 0307-6946. ; 34:3, s. 378-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The female-limited colour polymorphic damselfly Ischnura elegans has proven to be an interesting study organism both as an example of female sexual polymorphism, and in the context of the evolution of colour polymorphism, as a model of speciation processes. 2. Previous research suggests the existence of correlations between colour morph and other phenotypic traits, and the different female morphs in I. elegans may be pursuing alternative phenotypically integrated strategies. However, previous research on morphological differences in southern Swedish individuals of this species was only carried out on laboratory-raised offspring from a single population, leaving open the question of how widespread such differences are. 3. The present study therefore analysed multi-generational data from 12 populations, investigating morphological differences between the female morphs in the field, differences in the pattern of phenotypic integration between morphs, and quantified selection on morphological traits. 4. It was found that consistent morphological differences indeed existed between the morphs across populations, confirming that the previously observed differences were not simply a laboratory artefact. It was also found, somewhat surprisingly, that despite the existence of sexual dimorphism in body size and shape, patterns of phenotypic integration differed most between the morphs and not between the sexes. Finally, linear selection gradients showed that female morphology affected fecundity differently between the morphs. 5. We discuss the relevance of these results to the male mimicry hypothesis and to the existence of potential ecological differences between the morphs.
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| 3. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(författare)
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A study of b(b)over-bar production in e(+)e(-) collisions at root s=130-207 GeV
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 60:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements are presented of R-b, the ratio of the b (b) over bar cross-section to the q (q) over bar cross-section in e(+)e(-) collisions, and the forward-backward asymmetry A(FB)(b) at twelve energy points in the range root s = 130-207 GeV. These results are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations. The measurements are used to set limits on new physics scenarios involving contact interactions.
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| 4. |
- Abdallah, J, et al.
(författare)
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Correlations between polarisation states of W particles in the reaction e(-)e(+)-> W-W+ at LEP2 energies 189-209 GeV
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 63:4, s. 611-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a study of the reaction e(-)e(+)-> W-W+ with the DELPHI detector, the probabilities of the two W particles occurring in the joint polarisation states transverse-transverse (T T), longitudinal-transverse plus transverse-longitudinal (LT) and longitudinal-longitudinal (LL) have been determined using the final states WW -> lvq (q) over bar (l = e, mu). The two-particle joint polarisation probabilities, i.e. the spin density matrix elements rho T T, rho LT, rho LL, are measured as functions of the W- production angle, theta(W-), at an average reaction energy of 198.2 GeV. Averaged over all cos.W-, the following joint probabilities are obtained: (rho) over barT T = (67 +/- 8)%, (rho) over barL T = (30 +/- 8)%, (rho) over barL T = (3 +/- 7)%. These results are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions of 63.0%, 28.9% and 8.1%, respectively. The related polarisation cross-sections sigma(TT), sigma(LT) and sigma(LL) are also presented.
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| 5. |
- Abdallah, J, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusive single-particle production in two-photon collisions at LEP II with the DELPHI detector
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 678:5, s. 444-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study of the inclusive charged hadron production in two-photon collisions is described. The data were collected with the DELPHI detector at LEP II. Results on the inclusive single-particle p(T) distribution and the differential charged hadrons d sigma/dp(T) cross-section are presented and compared to the predictions of perturbative NLO QCD calculations and to published results. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(författare)
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Search for one large extra dimension with the DELPHI detector at LEP
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 60:1, s. 17-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single photons detected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP2 in the years 1997-2000 are reanalysed to investigate the existence of a single extra dimension in a modified ADD scenario with slightly warped large extra dimensions. The data collected at centre-of-mass energies between 180 and 209 GeV for an integrated luminosity of similar to 650 pb(-1) agree with the predictions of the Standard Model and allow a limit to be set on graviton emission in one large extra dimension. The limit obtained on the fundamental mass scale M-D is 1.69 TeV/c(2) at 95% CL, with an expected limit of 1.71 TeV/c(2).
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| 7. |
- Abdurahman, Samir, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and characterization of a small antiretroviral molecule affecting HIV-1 capsid morphology
- 2009
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Ingår i: Retrovirology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-4690. ; 6, s. 34-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Formation of an HIV-1 particle with a conical core structure is a prerequisite for the subsequent infectivity of the virus particle. We have previously described that glycineamide (G-NH2) when added to the culture medium of infected cells induces non-infectious HIV-1 particles with aberrant core structures. Results: Here we demonstrate that it is not G-NH2 itself but a metabolite thereof that displays antiviral activity. We show that conversion of G-NH2 to its antiviral metabolite is catalyzed by an enzyme present in bovine and porcine but surprisingly not in human serum. Structure determination by NMR suggested that the active G-NH2 metabolite was alpha-hydroxy-glycineamide (alpha-HGA). Chemically synthesized alpha-HGA inhibited HIV-1 replication to the same degree as G-NH2, unlike a number of other synthesized analogues of G-NH2 which had no effect on HIV-1 replication. Comparisons by capillary electrophoresis and HPLC of the metabolite with the chemically synthesized alpha-HGA further confirmed that the antiviral G-NH2-metabolite indeed was alpha-HGA. Conclusion: alpha-HGA has an unusually simple structure and a novel mechanism of antiviral action. Thus, alpha-HGA could be a lead for new antiviral substances belonging to a new class of anti-HIV drugs, i.e. capsid assembly inhibitors.
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| 8. |
- Ahlin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclin A is a proliferative marker with good prognostic value in node-negative breast cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 18:9, s. 2501-2506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Proliferative markers are not recommended as prognostic factors for clinical use in breast cancer due to lack of standardization in methodology. However, proliferation is driving several gene expression signatures emphasizing the need for a reliable proliferative marker IF or clinical use. Studies suggest that cyclin A is a prognostic marker with satisfying reproducibility. We investigated cyclin A as a prognostic marker in node-negative breast cancer using previously defined cutoff values. Patients and Methods: In a case-control study, we defined 190 women who died from breast cancer as cases and 190 women alive at the time for the corresponding case's death as controls. Inclusion criteria were tumor size <= 50 mm, no lymph node metastases and no adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor tissues were immunostained for cyclin A using commercially available antibodies. Results: We found a statistically significant association between expression of cyclin A and breast cancer death in a univariate model: odds ratio for cyclin A(ave) 2.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-4.3] and cyclin A(max) 3.4 (CI, 2.1-5.5). Corresponding odds ratio for Ki67 were Ki67(ave) 1.9 (CI, 1.2-3.1) and Ki67(max) 1.7 (CI, 1.1-2.7) and for grade 3.1 (CI, 1.8-5.1). Cyclin A was strongly correlated to Ki67 and grade why a model including all was not appropriate. Conclusions: Cyclin A is a prognostic factor for breast cancer death in node-negative patients using standardized methodology regarding scoring and cutoff values. Adding cyclin A as a proliferative marker to established clinicopathologic factors will improve the separation of low and high risk breast cancer.
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| 9. |
- Anderberg, Elsie, et al.
(författare)
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Micro processes of learning : Exploring the interplay between conceptions, meanings and expressions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Higher Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-1560 .- 1573-174X. ; 58:5, s. 653-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article describes qualitative variation in micro processes of learning, focusing the dynamic interplay between conceptions, expressions and meanings of expressions in students' learning in higher education. The intentional-expressive approach employed is an alternative approach to the function of language use in learning processes. In the empirical investigation, a dialogue model was used that both stimulates and documents students' ways of processing meaning. Results were grouped into three descriptive categories: vague, stabilising and developing ways of processing. Educational implications include, firstly, two distinct types of vague constitution of meaning in learning: one connected to fragmentary relationships between expressions and meanings, and another that triggers and creates close relationships and changes in relationships. Secondly, the categories display different unexplored ways of processing, related to deep and surface approaches in students' learning.
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| 10. |
- Anderot, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of dissociation constants between polyelectrolytes and proteins by affinity capillary electrophoresis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 877:10, s. 892-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this manuscript we report the binding affinity between two model proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and ribonuclease A (RNase A), and negatively charged polyelectrolytes, two different heparin fractions and dextran sulfate, by means of partial filling and affinity capillary electrophoresis. The apparent dissociation constants, K-d, obtained by use of the partial-filling method, between HSA and heparin (17 kDa), heparin (3 kDa) and dextran sulfate (8 kDa) were 33 and 307 mu M, respectively. A new method was developed to determine affinities that take in account different migration directions between the protein and the polyelectrolyte, which was required to study RNase A. By use of this affinity capillary electrophoresis two K-d values were observed for the interaction between RNase A and heparin 17 kDa, yielding a high affinity binding with K-d1 0.0075 mu M, and a lower affinity binding with K-d2 8.7 mu M. For dextran sulfate 8 kDa these K-d values were 0.027 and 10.4 mu M, respectively. Heparin 3 kDa only showed a single K-d value of 0.52 mu M. The results show that the magnitude of the binding affinity depends on the type of polyelectrolyte and its molecular weight. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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