| 731. |
- Berglund, Magnus M.
(författare)
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Cloning and structure-activity relationship studies of neuropeptide Y family receptors belonging to the Y1 subfamily
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) belong to afamily of structurally related 36-amino-acid peptides. NPY acts as a neurotransmitter both inthe central and the peripheral nervous system and influences many functions includingfeeding, reproduction, and blood pressure while PYY and PP mainly act as hormones in thegut.NPY, PYY, and PP bind to a family of G-protein coupled receptors. This thesis describesthe cloning of five NPY-family receptors, three of which are new subtypes, using degenerateprimers and homology screenings. The rapidly evolving PP-preferring receptor Y4 fromhuman (h) and guinea pig (gp) were found to be more closely related to each other than eitherwas to the rat receptor. The gpY1 receptor is highly conserved with 91-92% identity to Y1from other orders of mammals. Two highly homologous zebrafish (z) receptors, zYb and zYc(75% identical), were cloned. These receptors form together with mammalian Y1, Y4, and y6and a third zebrafish receptor, zYa, a subfamily of receptors with 50% identity betweensubtypes.Structure-activity relationships of the gpY1, zYa, zYb, and zYc as well as rY4, rY4, andgpY4 receptors were investigated using peptide analogues with deletions or replacements ofvarious parts of the NPY molecule. The gpY1 receptor has previously been reported to displaydeviant pharmacological properties. However, the binding properties of the cloned gpY1expressed in CHO cells conforms to other cloned mammalian Y1 receptors. Receptors zYband zYc display properties similar to Y1 with a gradual loss of affinity with progressive N-terminal truncation of the NPY molecule. In contrast, NPY and truncated analogues likeNPY13-36 as well as loop-deleted peptides like [Ahx5-24]NPY bind to the zYa receptor withsimilar affinity as NPY. Despite the Y1-like binding profile and amino acid sequences of zYband zYc, neither of these bound the Y1-selective antagonists BIBP3226 and SR120819A.The different ligand-binding profiles of Y1-subfamily receptors together with the highdegree of sequence homology between the subtypes will be very useful in future modeling ofthese receptors. This will promote the development of new drugs, agonists and antagonists,directed against primarily the Y1 receptor but may also have relevance for drugs directedagainst the Y2 and Y5 receptors.
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| 732. |
- Berglund, Mia M. U.
(författare)
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Learning turning points - in life with long-term illness - visualized with the help of the life-world philosophy
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A long-term illness is an occurrence that changes one’s life and generates a need to learn how to live with it. This article is based on an empirical study of interviews on people living with different long-term illnesses. The results have shown that the learning process is a complex phenomenon interwoven with life as a whole. The essential meaning of learning to live with long-term illness concerns a movement toward a change of understanding of access to the world. In this movement, in which everyday lives as well as relationships with oneself and others are affected, a continual renegotiation is needed. Texts from existential/lifeworld philosopher, Heidegger and Gadamer, have been used to get a greater understanding of the empirical results. These texts have been analysed with particular focus on learning turning points and the importance of reflection. The results are highlighted under the following themes: Pursuit of balance*the aim of learning, The tense grip*the resistance to learning, To live more really*the possibilities of the learning, Distancing*the how of the learning, and The tense of the learning*the whole of the learning. In those learning turning points are present. Knowledge from this study has been used to make a didactic model designed to give caregivers a tool to support patients’ learning. The didactic model is called: The challenge to take charge of life with a long-term illness.
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| 733. |
- Berglund, Maria M., 1977-
(författare)
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Värv och verk : Förnyelse och tradition i Nordisk kvinnolitteraturhistoria från tillkomst till tryckt bok
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nordisk kvinnolitteraturhistoria [The History of Nordic Women’s Literature; henceforth NKLH] is a history of literature published in five volumes 1993–1998. It was written with the overtly stated intention to change literary history on feminist grounds. The primary aim of this doctoral thesis is to map out and analyze the ways in which NKLH shows renewal and tradition compared to the histories of literature that it was a critique of. What conventions and criteria in the genre of literary history has the group of researchers strived to challenge, and what have they overlooked or neglected? How was the ambition of renewal in NKLH received on publication? What underlying factors in the project’s design and execution can account for the final product? The thesis explores these questions in three main chapters: one that analyses the processes of writing NKLH by means of an archival study, one that analyses the reception of the volumes in newspapers and journals, and one that analyses aspects of renewal and tradition in the four chronological volumes.The most significant ways in which NKLH shows renewal compared to previous histories of literature are in its reinterpretations of canonized authors and in its broad inclusion of different types of texts in the first two volumes. The Nordic approach is another area of renewal. The inter-Nordic perspectives in the volumes tend, however, toward a Danish-Swedish dominance. In some aspects NKLH also shows tradition, most notably in its strong developmental narrative and in its selection of literary genres in the latter two volumes. That NKLH shows both renewal and tradition is a result partly of what the researchers involved wanted to convey, partly of long-lived traditions and expectations within the genre of literary history, and partly of material factors such as organization, funding, geographical outspread and the parallel production of national histories of women’s literature in two of the Nordic countries.
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| 734. |
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| 735. |
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| 736. |
- Berglund, M., et al.
(författare)
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On Human Terms – A First Evaluation of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in Ergonomics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9783319960791 ; 821, s. 530-538
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) ‘Work and Technology on Human Terms’ (www.onhumanterms.org ) was launched in July 2017 with the aim to contribute to safer and healthier workplaces by increasing the knowledge about how products, systems, and work organizations can be designed on human terms. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a first evaluation of the MOOC. The online course was used in four different university courses in Ergonomics in Sweden, two given at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg and two given at Linköping University. The MOOC material was used in different ways in the courses: (1) suggested voluntary, alternative material for the students’ self-studies, (2) scheduled activity for self-studies with appointed chapters, and (3) mandatory, selected course material being discussed in follow-up seminars. Data for the evaluation was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The results showed that the MOOC served as a repetition of lectured material and gave increased understanding of the theories. The recorded interviews with practitioners and researchers in the MOOC highlighted the importance of the subject in real working life. The knowledge tests were appreciated as rehearsal of understanding. However, the MOOC in parallel with the other course material was also considered to be too much work by some students. A recommendation is to carefully consider how to use and integrate the MOOC as a meaningful, individual, theoretical learning activity for the students. Thereby the lectures in classroom could focus more on discussions and problem-solving regarding the topics and less on basic theory.
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| 737. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Risk for Cannabis, Tobacco and Alcohol : Comparison of US and Swedish High School Students
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 38:s1, s. 347A-347A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: Perceived risk is related to use of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco among youth. Sweden and US have different policies and customs related to these substances thatmay influence both risk perception and behavior regarding use of these substances. Differences in perceived risk of cannabis, cigarettes, chewing tobacco and alcohol in Sweden and the US have been reported but no direct systematic comparison has been performed. Design and setting: The ATLAS Project is a long-term longitudinal study comparing the development of substance use from high school to the young adult life period (18–23 years) in the US and Sweden. Participants: Baseline data for 3352 17–19 year-old high school students (65%from Sweden, 56% women, mean age 17.8, 35%from US 58%women,mean age 17.6). Measurements: Surveys of perceived risk items, ever use of cannabis, cigarettes and alcohol, as well as conduct problems, mental health symptoms, and impulsivity. Findings: The largest differences between the countries were found for the risk of cannabis use. Swedish participants reported much higher perceived risk both for continuous and occasional use than US students. For cigarettes, chewing tobacco and alcohol students from the US reported higher risk perception than the Swedish students did. Females reported higher perceived risk for all substances than male students.Conduct problems were associated with less perceived risk in all examples and impulsivity in cannabis and alcohol issues. Increasedmental health symptoms were associated with increased perceived risk for alcohol. Those who have used the specific drug reported lower levels of risk for that drug butmostly not for other drugs. Conclusions: Perceived risk for cannabis was higher in Swedish students than in US students while cigarette smoking, chewing tobacco and alcohol use were perceived as more risky in the US. One possibility could be that Sweden has much tougher drug laws than the US while less stringent alcohol and tobacco laws.
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| 738. |
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| 739. |
- Berglund, M, et al.
(författare)
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Towards understanding and managing the learning process in mail sorting
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41:2, s. 115-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This paper was based on case study research at the Swedish Mail Service Division and it addresses learning time to sort mail at new districts and means to support the learning process on an individual as well as organizational level. Participants: The study population consisted of 46 postmen and one team leader in the Swedish Mail Service Division. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Data were collected through measurements of time for mail sorting, interviews and a focus group. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: The study showed that learning to sort mail was a much more complex process and took more time than expected by management. Means to support the learning process included clarification of the relationship between sorting and the topology of the district, a good work environment, increased support from colleagues and management, and a thorough introduction for new postmen. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: The identified means to support the learning process require an integration of human, technological and organizational aspects. The study further showed that increased operations flexibility cannot be reinforced without a systems perspective and thorough knowledge about real work activities and that ergonomists can aid businesses to acquire this knowledge.
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| 740. |
- Berglund, M, et al.
(författare)
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VERTICAL INFORMATION TRANSFER IN KNOWLEDGE INTENSE MANUFACTURING
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to highlight vertical information transfer in relation to operator involvement in development work and to analyze the information channels utilized. A special focus is put on product, production, organisation and information system development. Data were collected in 14 Swedish companies through interviews with operators, production support, and production management. The study indicated a need of strategies for vertical information distribution. Verbal information channels are mostly used. However, formalized information transfer is needed to better utilize the operators’ knowledge and experience for development work as well as to provide personnel with relevant knowledge required for their work. Information flow may be simplified through IT-systems, intranet, documents and instructions, but it implies strong support from management and adapted working methods.
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