| 201. |
- Lantz, B., et al.
(författare)
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Parental interaction with infants treated with medical technology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:3, s. 597-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is well established that parents must interact with their new-born babies to facilitate attachment. However, very little is known about how parents perceive different types of medical technology products commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) as barriers to their wish to interact with their infants. Aim: This study aims to examine to what extent the different medical technology products commonly used in the NICU are perceived by parents to be obstacles in their wish to interact with their babies. Design and methods: In 2010, a cross-sectional survey, using a questionnaire specifically developed for this study, was conducted among the parents of children who were discharged from any of the five NICUs of the Vastra Gotaland region in Sweden. A consecutive sample of 248 parents anticipated, and multiple regressions and t-tests were used to analyse the data. Results: The parents generally perceived the various medical technology products differently, according to the perceived level of obstruction. The variables of gender, age,educational level, origin, gestational age, previous experience of being a parent, and the offer of accommodation at the NICU were significantly associated with the perceived level of obstruction in the parents’ wish to interact with their baby while the baby was being treated with different medical technology products. Conclusion: The primary implication for practice is that to facilitate attachment, nurses should involve different categories of parents in different ways in the care of their children, depending on the equipment being used in the treatment of the children. Thus, the individual care plan should explicitly include the details of the specific medical equipment, because although its use is medically beneficial for the child, it is associated with potential liabilities regarding parent–child interaction and, consequently, regarding parent–child attachment.
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| 202. |
- Lantz, Björn
(författare)
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The impact of sample non-normality on ANOVA and alternative methods
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons Ltd.. - 0007-1102 .- 2044-8317. ; 66:2, s. 224-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this journal, Zimmerman (2004, 2011) has discussed preliminary tests that researchers often use to choose an appropriate method for comparing locations when the assumption of normality is doubtful. The conceptual problem with this approach is that such a two-stage process makes both the power and the significance of the entire procedure uncertain, as type I and type II errors are possible at both stages. A type I error at the first stage, for example, will obviously increase the probability of a type II error at the second stage. Based on the idea of Schmider et al. (2010), which proposes that simulated sets of sample data be ranked with respect to their degree of normality, this paper investigates the relationship between population non-normality and sample non-normality with respect to the performance of the ANOVA, Brown–Forsythe test, Welch test, and Kruskal–Wallis test when used with different distributions, sample sizes, and effect sizes. The overall conclusion is that the Kruskal–Wallis test is considerably less sensitive to the degree of sample normality when populations are distinctly non-normal and should therefore be the primary tool used to compare locations when it is known that populations are not at least approximately normal.
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| 203. |
- Lantz, Björn
(författare)
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The large sample size fallacy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:2, s. 487-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Significance in the statistical sense has little to do with significance in the common practical sense. Statistical significance is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for practical significance. Hence, results that are extremely statistically significant may be highly nonsignificant in practice. The degree of practical significance is generally determined by the size of the observed effect, not the p-value. The results of studies based on large samples are often characterized by extreme statistical significance despite small or even trivial effect sizes. Interpreting such results as significant in practice without further analysis is referred to as the large sample size fallacy in this article. Aim: The aim of this article is to explore the relevance of the large sample size fallacy in contemporary nursing research. Results: Relatively few nursing articles display explicit measures of observed effect sizes or include a qualitative discussion of observed effect sizes. Statistical significance is often treated as an end in itself. Conclusion: Effect sizes should generally be calculated and presented along with p-values for statistically significant results, and observed effect sizes should be discussed qualitatively through direct and explicit comparisons with the effects in related literature.
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| 204. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic factors for the effect of a myofeedback-based teletreatment service
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. - : SAGE Publications. - 1357-633X .- 1758-1109. ; 16:6, s. 336-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the potential prognostic factors for clinically relevant improvements in pain intensity and pain-related disability after myofeedback-based teletreatment. Sixty-five female computer users, 56 female patients with whiplash-associated disorders and 18 female patients with non-specific neck and shoulder pain participated in the study. They received myofeedback-based teletreatment or usual treatment. Questionnaires concerning prognostic factors, pain and disability were completed before the start of the intervention (baseline) and at follow-ups at the end of the intervention, and after 3 and 6 months. Logistic regression analyses were performed in order to investigate prognostic factors for clinically relevant improvement. In the intervention group, improvement in pain intensity was predicted by baseline pain intensity. Baseline pain intensity and disability, and fear-avoidance and endurance related pain coping responses were prognostic factors for outcome in pain-related disability in this group. Therewere few differences between the intervention groups; fear avoidance coping responses influenced the outcome after teletreatment only.Myofeedback-based teletreatment appears to be an useful telemedicine intervention, especially for participants with moderate to high levels of pain and disability, high perceived help/ hopelessness, and those who tend to deal with their pain by avoiding social and physical activities.
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| 205. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial work conditions, perceived stress, perceived muscular tension, and neck/shoulder symptoms among medical secretaries
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 86:1, s. 57-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Unfavorable psychosocial working conditions are hypothesized to lead to perceived stress, which, in turn, can be related to an increased risk of development of neck/shoulder symptoms through increased and sustained muscle activation. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesized process model among medical secretaries, a female-dominated profession characterized by a high amount of visual display unit use and a high prevalence of neck/shoulder symptoms. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among medical secretaries (n = 200). The proposed process model was tested using a path model framework. Results The results indicate that high work demands were related to high perceived stress, which in turn was related to a high perceived muscle tension and neck/shoulder symptoms. Low influence at work was not related to perceived stress, but was directly related to a high perceived muscle tension. Conclusions In general, these cross-sectional results lend tentative support for the hypothesis that adverse psychosocial work conditions (high work demands) may contribute to the development of neck/shoulder symptoms through the mechanism of stress-induced sustained muscular activation. This process model needs to be further tested in longitudinal studies.
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| 206. |
- Larsson, Jonas
(författare)
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One-piece fashion : Demand driven supply chain management
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fashion market is characterised by short life cycles, low predictability, and high impulse purchasing. In order to respond to these characteristics, companies are constantly introducing new collections and models. There are now so many new models introduced that the seasons have been erased and the leader of fast fashion, Zara, introduces 211 new models each week. Not all of these garments are sold at full price—the sell-through factor in fashion, which indicates how many of the total SKUs are sold at full price, is approximately 65 percent. One of the reasons why so much must be sold at a reduced price is that the fashion companies might have created a new buying behaviour among their customers by offering everything quickly. This new buying behaviour cannot be answered with traditional supply-chain management. Knit-on-Demand is a research project in the Swedish School of Textiles. The objective of the project is to demonstrate a production method for knitwear that may strongly influence the ability of the fashion industry to meet new demands for agility in customer relations. It will also provide insight and transparency in the total cost picture related to logistics and supply chain management, which leads to improved decision support in outsourcing and off-shoring strategies and may contribute to increased local fashion production. Knit-on-Demand differs from traditional garment manufacturing since nothing is produced to forecast and everything is produced to order from the end customer. Together with Ivanhoe AB, a producer of knitwear, and SOMconcept, a tailored fashion retailer, the idea of on-demand knitting has developed into a business concept where the customer is allowed to design their own garments. The customer chooses his or her fit, colour and model, places an order, and one week later the garment is delivered. The customer is not completely free in his or her design because the quality and lead-times of the production processes have to be guaranteed. Therefore, the process is really more a configuration of pre-engineered modules. The methods used are case studies with some action research as the researchers have taken an active role in the development of the project. Mass customisation as a concept and on-demand business have great potential to decrease wasteful overproduction of garments and benefit the customer, company, and society: The customer receives a garment that better fits his or her needs, the company is able to meet customer demand more accurately, and society does not have to pay for overproduction.
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| 207. |
- Larsson, Stig, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The continuous Galerkin method for an integro-differential equation modeling dynamic fractional order viscoelasticity
- 2010
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Ingår i: IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3642 .- 0272-4979. ; 30:4, s. 964-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a fractional order integro-differential equation with a weakly singular convolution kernel. The equation with homogeneous mixed Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions is reformulated as an abstract Cauchy problem, and well-posedness is verified in the context of linear semigroup theory. Then we formulate a continuous Galerkin method for the problem, and we prove stability estimates. These are then used to prove a priori error estimates. The theory is illustrated by a numerical example.
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| 208. |
- Lennartsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study on lignocelluloses to ethanol and fish feed using NMMO pretreatment and cultivation with Zygomycetes in an airlift reactor
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 102:6, s. 4425-4432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A complete process for the production of bioethanol and fungal biomass from spruce and birch was investigated. The process included milling, pretreatment with N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), washing of the pretreated wood, enzymatic hydrolysis, and cultivation of the zygomycetes fungi Mucor indicus. Investigated factors included wood chip size (0.5-16 mm), pretreatment time (1-5 h), and scale of the process from bench-scale to 2 m high airlift reactor. Best hydrolysis yields were achieved from wood chips below 2 mm after 5 h of pretreatment. Ethanol yields (mg/g wood) of 195 and 128 for spruce, and 175 and 136 for birch were achieved from bench-scale and airlift, respectively. Fungal biomass yields (mg/g wood) of 103 and 70 for spruce, and 86 and 66 for birch from bench scale and airlift respectively were simultaneously achieved. NMMO pretreatment and cultivation with M. indicus appear to be a good alternative for ethanol production from birch and spruce.
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| 209. |
- Lennartsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Growth tolerance of Zygomycetes Mucor indicus in orange peel hydrolysate without detoxification
- 2012
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Ingår i: Process Biochemistry. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1359-5113 .- 1873-3298. ; 47:5, s. 836-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The capability of two zygomycetes strains, Mucor indicus and an isolate from tempeh (Rhizopus sp.), to grow on orange peel hydrolysate and their tolerance to its antimicrobial activity, was investigated. Both fungi, in particular M. indicus, tolerated up to 2% d-limonene in semi-synthetic media during cultivation in shake flasks, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions. The tolerance of M. indicus was also tested in a bioreactor, giving rise to varying results in the presence of 2% limonene. Furthermore, both strains were capable of consuming galacturonic acid, the main monomer of pectin, under aerobic conditions when no other carbon source was present. The orange peel hydrolysate was based on 12% (dry w/v) orange peels, containing d-limonene at a concentration of 0.6% (v/v), which no other microorganism has been reported to be able to ferment. However, the hydrolysate was utilised by M. indicus under aerobic conditions, resulting in production of 410 and 400 mg ethanol/g hexoses and 57 and 75 mg fungal biomass/g sugars from cultivations in shake flasks and a bioreactor, respectively. Rhizopus sp., however, was slow to germinate aerobically, and neither of the zygomycetes was able to consistently germinate in orange peel hydrolysate, under anaerobic conditions. The zygomycetes strains used in the present study demonstrated a relatively high resistance to the antimicrobial compounds present in orange peel hydrolysate, and they were capable of producing ethanol and biomass in the presence of limonene, particularly when cultivated with air supply.
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| 210. |
- Lennartsson, Patrik R, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of different growth forms of Mucor indicus on cultivation on dilute-acid lignocellulosic hydrolyzate, inhibitor tolerance, and cell wall composition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 143:4, s. 255-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dimorphic fungus Mucor indicus was grown in different forms classified as purely filamentous, mostly filamentous, mostly yeast-like and purely yeast-like, and the relationship between morphology and metabolite production, inhibitor tolerance and the cell wall composition was investigated. Low concentrations of spores in the inoculum with subsequent aeration promoted filamentous growth, whereas higher spore concentrations and anaerobic conditions promoted yeast-like growth. Ethanol was the main metabolite with glycerol next under all conditions tested. The yields of ethanol from glucose were between 0.39 and 0.42 g g(-1) with productivities of 3.2-5.0 g l(-1) h(-1). The ethanol productivity of mostly filamentous cells was increased from 3.9 to 5.0 g l(-1) h(-1) by the presence of oxygen, whereas aeration of purely yeast-like cells showed no such effect. All growth forms were able to tolerate 4.6 g l(-1) furfural and 10 g l(-1) acetic acid and assimilate the sugars, although with different consumption rates. The cell wall content of the fungus measured as alkali insoluble materials (AIM) of the purely yeast-like cells was 26% of the biomass, compared to 8% of the pure filaments. However, the chitosan concentration of the filaments was 29% of the AIM, compared to 6% of the yeast-like cells.
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