| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Sundström, Björn, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma phospholipid fatty acid content is related to disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - Toronto : Journal of Rheumatology Pub. Co.. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 39:2, s. 327-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the fatty acid composition in the diet, plasma phospholipids, and adipose tissue among a cohort of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to determine their correlation to disease activity and blood lipids in a cross-sectionally designed study. Methods: Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire on 66 patients with AS. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma phospholipids and gluteal adipose tissue were measured using gas chromatography. Disease status was quantified using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high sensitivity C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results: Diet did not correlate to disease activity assessed by the BASDAI, but there were negative correlation between the dietary intake of long-chained omega-3 fatty acids and ESR (rs=-0.27, p<0.05). The plasma phospholipid content of arachidonic acid (AA) correlated significantly with the BASDAI score (rs=0.39, p<0.01). There were correlations between the intake of long-chained omega-3 fatty acids and high-density lipoproteins as well as to serum triglycerides (rs=0.26 and rs=-0.25; respectively, p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between levels of AA in plasma phospholipids and disease activity assessed by BASDAI in patients with AS. A western diet does not appear to influence this correlation, but seems to affect blood lipids involved in atherogenic processes.
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| 23. |
- Zhang, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
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Our way(s) to action research : Doctoral students’ international and interdisciplinary collective memory work
- 2014
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Ingår i: Action Research. - London, UK : SAGE Publications. - 1476-7503 .- 1741-2617 .- 0264-5122. ; 12:3, s. 293-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study involved six Swedish and Canadian doctoral students who shared interests in using action research in professional education in different disciplines. We employed Noffke’s three dimensions of action research as a theoretical framework (i.e., the Professional, the Personal, and the Political). Using collective biography as a methodology, we cooperatively examined how our personal and professional agendas and macro-level structures have been shaping our intentions to conduct action research projects in our respective disciplines. The key findings of this international and interdisciplinary collective biography relate our growing awareness of the intimacy between research and life in vari- ous professional and geographic contexts. Collectively addressing our shared frustrations, we celebrated action research as a methodology that attends to the dynamic and concrete lived experiences of our participants in various spatio-temporalities. Reflecting upon the hybridity of our own researcher identities, we were also able to see the intimate relation between ourselves as active citizens and critical action researchers who are determined to take up the challenges and engage in critically oriented action research that could nurture more ‘‘caring,’’ ‘‘empowering,’’ and ‘‘transforming’’ public spheres.
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| 24. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial factors and sport injuries: Meta-analyses for prediction and prevention
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - Auckland : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 47:2, s. 353-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Several studies have suggested that psychosocial variables can increase the risk of becoming injured during sport participation. Objectives The main objectives of these meta-analyses were to examine (i) the effect sizes of relationships between the psychosocial variables (suggested as injury predictors in the model of stress and athletic injury) and injury rates, and (ii) the effects of psychological interventions aimed at reducing injury occurrence (prevention). Methods Electronic databases as well as specific sport and exercise psychology journals were searched. The literature review resulted in 48 published studies containing 161 effect sizes for injury prediction and seven effect sizes for injury prevention. Results The results showed that stress responses (r = 0.27, 80 % CI [0.20, 0.33]) and history of stressors (r = 0.13, 80 % CI [0.11, 0.15]) had the strongest associations with injury rates. Also, the results from the path analysis showed that the stress response mediated the relationship between history of stressors and injury rates. For injury prevention studies, all studies included (N = 7) showed decreased injury rates in the treatment groups compared to control groups. Conclusion The results support the model’s suggestion that psychosocial variables, as well as psychologically, based interventions, can influence injury risk among athletes.
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| 25. |
- Ekelund, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Interventions for improving mental health in athletes : a scoping review
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - Oxon : Routledge. - 1750-984X .- 1750-9858.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this scoping review were to map the current literature on interventions for improving mental health in athletes, identify knowledge gaps, and generate future research questions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guided this review. A systematic literature search was conducted in SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS and 44 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that 22 studies (50%) implemented cognitive behavioural principles, and the majority of these studies were influenced by various mindfulness programmes. Most studies (93%) included healthy athlete samples, and athletes aged 15–19 were the most examined age group (43%). Only three studies used clinical criteria in their sampling of participants and mediators were examined in two studies. The scarcity of studies examining mediators and subclinical or clinical samples revealed critical knowledge gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the critical appraisal showed that regardless of study design, most studies demonstrated low internal validity. We propose the use of high-quality single-case studies with athletes who experience subclinical or clinical mental health issues, and further investigation of mechanisms of change linking intervention components to outcomes of interest.
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| 26. |
- Grim, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Development- and usability testing of a web-based decision support for users and health professionals in psychiatric services
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychiatric rehabilitation journal. - Washington, DC : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1095-158X .- 1559-3126. ; 40:3, s. 293-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Shared decision making (SMD) related to treatment and rehabilitation is considered a central component in recovery-oriented practice. Although decision aids are regarded as an essential component for successfully implementing SDM, these aids are often lacking within psychiatric services. The aim of this study was to use a participatory design to facilitate the development of a user-generated, web-based decision aid for individuals receiving psychiatric services. The results of this effort as well as the lessons learned during the development and usability processes are reported. Method: The participatory design included 4 iterative cycles of development. Various qualitative methods for data collection were used with potential end users participating as informants in focus group and individual interviews and as usability and pilot testers. Results: Interviewing and testing identified usability problems that then led to refinements and making the subsequent prototypes increasingly user-friendly and relevant. In each phase of the process, feedback from potential end-users provided guidance in developing the formation of the web-based decision aid that strengthens the position of users by integrating access to information regarding alternative supports, interactivity between staff and users, and user preferences as a continual focus in the tool. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: This web-based decision aid has the potential to strengthen service users’ experience of self-efficacy and control as well as provide staff access to user knowledge and preferences. Studies employing participatory models focusing on usability have potential to significantly contribute to the development and implementation of tools that reflect user perspectives.
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| 27. |
- Grim, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Shared decision-making in mental health care : a user perspective on decisional needs in community-based services
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Järfälla : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) is an emergent research topic in the field of mental health care and is considered to be a central component of a recovery-oriented system. Despite the evidence suggesting the benefits of this change in the power relationship between users and practitioners, the method has not been widely implemented in clinical practice.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate decisional and information needs among users with mental illness as a prerequisite for the development of a decision support tool aimed at supporting SDM in community-based mental health services in Sweden.Methods: Three semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 22 adult users with mental illness. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a directed content analysis. This method was used to develop an in-depth understanding of the decisional process as well as to validate and conceptually extend Elwyn et al.’s model of SDM.Results: The model Elwyn et al. have created for SDM in somatic care fits well for mental health services, both in terms of process and content. However, the results also suggest an extension of the model because decisions related to mental illness are often complex and involve a number of life domains. Issues related to social context and individual recovery point to the need for a preparation phase focused on establishing cooperation and mutual understanding as well as a clear follow-up phase that allows for feedback and adjustments to the decision-making process.Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The current study contributes to a deeper understanding of decisional and information needs among users of community-based mental health services that may reduce barriers to participation in decision-making. The results also shed light on attitudinal, relationship-based, and cognitive factors that are important to consider in adapting SDM in the mental health system.
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| 28. |
- Kalén, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of initial selection age, relative age effect and country long-term performance on the re-selection process in European basketball youth national teams
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - Oxon : Routledge. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 39:4, s. 388-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the study were to: (a) analyse the re-selection patterns in European youth basketball national teams, and (b) investigate how the chance of re-selection is influenced by the initial selection age and relative age of the players, as well as the long-term performance of the country at the youth level. The sample consisted of 8362 basketball players (5038 men, 3324 women) born 1988-1997 who have participated in at least one U16, U18 or U20 European youth basketball championship between 2004 and 2017. The results from the survival analysis showed that around 75% of male and 80% of female players participating in a championship were re-selected the following year. Also, initial selection age, relative age effect, and the country long-term performance influenced the re-selection rates, with relationships being different between men and women. To conclude, the results of the present study show that the re-selection process by which players progress in European youth national basketball teams is complex and influenced by several different factors.
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| 29. |
- Lindh, Markus V., et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling seasonal bacterioplankton population dynamics by high-frequency sampling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 17:7, s. 2459-2476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiyear comparisons of bacterioplankton succession reveal that environmental conditions drive community shifts with repeatable patterns between years. However, corresponding insight into bacterioplankton dynamics at a temporal resolution relevant for detailed examination of variation and characteristics of specific populations within years is essentially lacking. During 1 year, we collected 46 samples in the Baltic Sea for assessing bacterial community composition by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing (nearly twice weekly during productive season). Beta-diversity analysis showed distinct clustering of samples, attributable to seemingly synchronous temporal transitions among populations (populations defined by 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity). A wide spectrum of bacterioplankton dynamics was evident, where divergent temporal patterns resulted both from pronounced differences in relative abundance and presence/absence of populations. Rates of change in relative abundance calculated for individual populations ranged from 0.23 to 1.79 day(-1). Populations that were persistently dominant, transiently abundant or generally rare were found in several major bacterial groups, implying evolution has favoured a similar variety of life strategies within these groups. These findings suggest that high temporal resolution sampling allows constraining the timescales and frequencies at which distinct populations transition between being abundant or rare, thus potentially providing clues about physical, chemical or biological forcing on bacterioplankton community structure.
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| 30. |
- Lindh, Markus V., et al.
(författare)
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Local Environmental Conditions Shape Generalist But Not Specialist Components of Microbial Metacommunities in the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media. - 1664-302X. ; 7, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine microbes exhibit biogeographical patterns linked with fluxes of matter and energy. Yet, knowledge of the mechanisms shaping bacterioplankton community assembly across temporal scales remains poor. We examined bacterioplankton 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained from Baltic Sea transects to determine phylogenetic relatedness and assembly processes coupled with niche breadth. Communities were phylogenetically more related over time than expected by chance, albeit with considerable temporal variation. Hence, habitat filtering, i.e., local environmental conditions, rather than competition structured bacterioplankton communities in summer but not in spring or autumn. Species sorting (SS) was the dominant assembly process, but temporal and taxonomical variation in mechanisms was observed. For May communities, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria exhibited SS while Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were assembled by SS and mass effect. Concomitantly, Gammaproteobacteria were assembled by the neutral model and patch dynamics. Temporal variation in habitat filtering and dispersal highlights the impact of seasonally driven reorganization of microbial communities. Typically abundant Baltic Sea populations such as the NS3a marine group (Bacteroidetes) and the SAR86 and SAR11 clade had the highest niche breadth. The verrucomicrobial Spartobacteria population also exhibited high niche breadth. Surprisingly, variation in bacterioplankton community composition was regulated by environmental factors for generalist taxa but not specialists. Our results suggest that generalists such as NS3a, SAR86, and SAR11 are reorganized to a greater extent by changes in the environment compared to specialists and contribute more strongly to determining overall biogeographical patterns of marine bacterial communities.
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