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- Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959
(författare)
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What is 'Infrastructure Physics'?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 132, s. 520-524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2014, the research group 'Infrastructure Physics' sits at the department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology. A number of researchers wonder 'What is infrastructure physics?' The aim of the paper is to explain and clarify the research field 'infrastructure physics' and its system boundary with other close research fields, such as building physics. Furthermore, some ongoing research projects will be presented briefly. Infrastructure consists of the basic physical systems of a society e.g. transportation, communication, sewage, water and electric systems. Physical infrastructure elements are always exposed to outdoor climate e.g. solar radiation, rain, driving rain, wind, and moisture and temperature variations. The harsh environment around the infrastructure causes different types of destructions that can reduce the function ability in the short time perspective and also reduce the service life time of an infrastructure. Furthermore, extreme weather conditions may cause undesired service interruptions of a system e.g. traffic stop due to flooding. Generally, infrastructure involves a heavy investment for the society which needs also maintenance under long period of time. In other to make the investment more efficient, it is possible to use our infrastructure for other proposes in addition to the initial proposes. For instance, energy harvesting in the vicinity of transport infrastructure. 'Infrastructure physics' deals with physics behind the phenomena related to physical behaviour of the materials, components and systems involved in infrastructure, in their specific environmental condition (underground, subsea, surface) in order to increase their accessibility and efficiency.
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| 4. |
- Ahmad, Tariq, et al.
(författare)
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Machine Learning Methods Improve Prognostication, Identify Clinically Distinct Phenotypes, and Detect Heterogeneity in Response to Therapy in a Large Cohort of Heart Failure Patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : WILEY. - 2047-9980. ; 7:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Whereas heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome, conventional approaches to its management have treated it as a singular disease, leading to inadequate patient care and inefficient clinical trials. We hypothesized that applying advanced analytics to a large cohort of HF patients would improve prognostication of outcomes, identify distinct patient phenotypes, and detect heterogeneity in treatment response. Methods and Results-The Swedish Heart Failure Registry is a nationwide registry collecting detailed demographic, clinical, laboratory, and medication data and linked to databases with outcome information. We applied random forest modeling to identify predictors of 1-year survival. Cluster analysis was performed and validated using serial bootstrapping. Association between clusters and survival was assessed with Cox proportional hazards modeling and interaction testing was performed to assess for heterogeneity in response to HF pharmacotherapy across propensity-matched clusters. Our study included 44 886 HF patients enrolled in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry between 2000 and 2012. Random forest modeling demonstrated excellent calibration and discrimination for survival (C-statistic=0.83) whereas left ventricular ejection fraction did not (C-statistic=0.52): there were no meaningful differences per strata of left ventricular ejection fraction (1-year survival: 80%, 81%, 83%, and 84%). Cluster analysis using the 8 highest predictive variables identified 4 clinically relevant subgroups of HF with marked differences in 1-year survival. There were significant interactions between propensity-matched clusters (across age, sex, and left ventricular ejection fraction and the following medications: diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, )i-blockers, and nitrates, Pamp;lt;0.001, all). Conclusions-Machine learning algorithms accurately predicted outcomes in a large data set of HF patients. Cluster analysis identified 4 distinct phenotypes that differed significantly in outcomes and in response to therapeutics. Use of these novel analytic approaches has the potential to enhance effectiveness of current therapies and transform future HF clinical trials.
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| 5. |
- Ahmad, Tauseef, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Methodology for Power-Aware Coherent Receiver Design
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - 2162-2701. ; , s. SPT4D.4-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a methodology to design and evaluate DSP hardware for a coherent receiver. Important parameters that can be assessed include DSP power consumption and chip area.
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| 7. |
- Almegard, B, et al.
(författare)
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Outflow facility in the monkey eye: effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, galanin, substance P and capsaicin
- 1990
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Ingår i: Experimental Eye Research. - 0014-4835. ; 51:6, s. 685-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study in cats has shown that intracameral injection of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) increases the outflow facility by four- to fivefold concomitant with a decrease in intra-ocular pressure (IOP). Since there are great differences in the anatomy of the aqueous outflow routes between cats and primates, we have examined the effects of CGRP in the cynomolgus monkey. The possible influence of the sensory neuropeptides cholecystokinin (CCK), galanin and substance P on the outflow facility and IOP were also investigated. Determinations were performed using a two-level constant-pressure procedure. At 40–60 min after intracameral injection of 3 μg CGRP the outflow facility was increased from 0·68±0·11 to 1·03±0·15 μl min−1 mmHg−1 in the CGRP-treated eyes, and from 0·71±0·12 to 0·79±0·10 μl min−1 mmHg−1 in the control eyes. The mean difference in increase was 0·27±0·06 μl min−1 mmHg−1 (P < 0·01, N = 7). During the experiments there was a small rise in the IOP. CGRP at a dose of 3 μg caused a small rise in aqueous humor protein concentration. An attempt to release endogenous CGRP with capsaicin did not result in an increased outflow facility. Three micrograms each of CCK, galanin and substance P had no significant effect on either the outflow facility or the IOP. A miosis was observed in the experiments with CCK in agreement with previous findings. CCK seems thus to cause contraction of the pupillary sphincter but does not influence the ciliary muscle sufficiently to cause a facility effect in the monkey eye. Our results indicate that the effect of CGRP on the outflow facility in the monkey eye is much smaller than in cats, and that the other sensory neuropeptides tested have no clear effects on the conductance of the outflow routes.
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| 8. |
- Amvrosiadi, Nino, et al.
(författare)
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Soil moisture storage estimation based on steady vertical fluxes under equilibrium
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 553, s. 798-804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil moisture is an important variable for hillslope and catchment hydrology. There are various computational methods to estimate soil moisture and their complexity varies greatly: from one box with vertically constant volumetric soil water content to fully saturated-unsaturated coupled physically-based models. Different complexity levels are applicable depending on the simulation scale, computational time limitations, input data and knowledge about the parameters. The Vertical Equilibrium Model (VEM) is a simple approach to estimate the catchment-wide soil water storage at a daily time-scale on the basis of water table level observations, soil properties and an assumption of hydrological equilibrium without vertical fluxes above the water table. In this study VEM was extended by considering vertical fluxes, which allows conditions with evaporation and infiltration to be represented. The aim was to test the hypothesis that the simulated volumetric soil water content significantly depends on vertical fluxes. The water content difference between the no-flux, equilibrium approach and the new constant-flux approach greatly depended on the soil textural class, ranging between ∼1% for silty clay and ∼44% for sand at an evapotranspiration rate of 5 mm·d−1. The two approaches gave a mean volumetric soil water content difference of ∼1 mm for two case studies (sandy loam and organic rich soils). The results showed that for many soil types the differences in estimated storage between the no-flux and the constant flux approaches were relatively small.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Anneli, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Research Review : The strength of the genetic overlap between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms - a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 61:11, s. 1173-1183
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Twin studies have established that these co-occurrences are in part due to shared genetic risks. However, the strength of these genetic overlaps and the potential heterogeneity accounted for by type of psychiatric symptoms, age, and methods of assessment remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review to fill this gap.Methods: We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science until March 07, 2019. Genetic correlations (r(g)) were used as effect size measures.Results: A total of 31 independent studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates showed that the associations between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms were partly explained by shared genetic factors, with a pooled genetic correlation of 0.50, 95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.60. The genetic correlations (r(g)) between ADHD and externalizing (r(g) = .49 [0.37-0.61]), internalizing (r(g) = .50 [0.39-0.69]), and neurodevelopmental (r(g) = .56 [0.47-0.66]) symptoms were similar in magnitude. The genetic correlations in childhood and adulthood werer(g) = .53 (0.43-0.63) andr(g) = .51 (0.44-0.56), respectively. For methods of assessment, the genetic correlations were also similar in strength, self-reportsr(g) = .52 (0.47-0.58), other informantsr(g) = .55 (0.41-0.69), and combined ratersr(g) = .50 (0.33-0.65).Conclusions: These findings indicate that the co-occurrence of externalizing, internalizing, and neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms in individuals with ADHD symptoms in part is due to a shared genetic risk.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling, finite size effects, and crossovers of the resistivity and current-voltage characteristics in two-dimensional superconductors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 87:22, s. 224506-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We revisit the scaling properties of the resistivity and the current-voltage characteristics at and below the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, both in zero and nonzero magnetic fields. The scaling properties are derived by integrating the renormalization group flow equations up to a scale where they can be reliably matched to simple analytic expressions. The vortex fugacity turns out to be dangerously irrelevant for these quantities below T-c, thereby altering the scaling behavior. We derive the possible crossover effects as the current, magnetic field, or system size is varied, and find a strong multiplicative logarithmic correction near T-c, all of which is necessary to account for when interpreting experiments and simulation data. Our analysis clarifies a longstanding discrepancy between the finite size dependence found in many simulations and the current-voltage characteristics of experiments. We further show that the logarithmic correction can be avoided by approaching the transition in a magnetic field, thereby simplifying the scaling analysis. We confirm our results by large-scale numerical simulations, and calculate the dynamic critical exponent z, for relaxational Langevin dynamics and for resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson junction dynamics.
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