| 1851. |
- Lukas, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Experimental Pain Thresholds and Trajectories of Postoperative Recovery Measures After Benign Hysterectomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : Dove Medical Press LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 15, s. 3657-3674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Quantitative sensory testing (QST) can be applied to quantify the sensitivity to different painful stimuli. This study aims to evaluate the association between preoperative pressure and thermal pain thresholds and trajectories of measurements of postoperative recovery (patient-reported daily maximum and average pain intensity, sum score of symptoms, and analgesic consumption) after benign hysterectomy.Patients and Methods: A prospective, longitudinal single-blinded, observational multicenter study was conducted in five hospitals in the southeast of Sweden between 2011 and 2017. A total of 406 women scheduled for abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy for benign conditions were enrolled in the study. QST measuring pressure (PPT), heat (HPT), and cold pain thresholds (CPT) were performed preoperatively. The cut-off levels for dichotomizing the pain thresholds (low/high) were set at the 25-percentile for PPT and HPT and the 75-percentile for CPT. The Swedish Postoperative Symptom Questionnaire was used to measure postoperative pain and other symptoms of discomfort (symptom sum score) on 13 occasions for six weeks postoperatively. Daily analgesic consumption of opioids and non-opioids was registered.Results: A CPT above the 75-percentile was associated with high postoperative maximum pain intensity (p = 0.04), high symptom sum score (p = 0.03) and greater consumption of non-opioids (p = 0.03). A HPT below the 25-percentile was only associated with greater consumption of non-opioids (p = 0.02). PPT was not associated with any of the outcome measures.Conclusion: CPT seemed to be predictive for postoperative pain and symptoms of discomfort after benign hysterectomy. Preoperative QST may be used to individualize the management of postoperative recovery for low pain threshold individuals.
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| 1852. |
- Luna, Gustavo, et al.
(författare)
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Infection Risks Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Fingolimod, Natalizumab, Rituximab, and Injectable Therapies
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medial Association. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 177:2, s. 184-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Although highly effective disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been associated with an increased risk of infections vs injectable therapies interferon beta and glatiramer acetate (GA), the magnitude of potential risk increase is not well established in real-world populations. Even less is known about infection risk associated with rituximab, which is extensively used off-label to treat MS in Sweden.Objective: To examine the risk of serious infections associated with disease-modifying treatments for MS.Design, Setting, and Participants: This nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted in Sweden from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017. National registers with prospective data collection from the public health care system were used. All Swedish patients with relapsing-remitting MS whose data were recorded in the Swedish MS register as initiating treatment with rituximab, natalizumab, fingolimod, or interferon beta and GA and an age-matched and sex-matched general population comparator cohort were included.Exposures: Treatment with rituximab, natalizumab, fingolimod, and interferon beta and GA.Main Outcomes and Measures: Serious infections were defined as all infections resulting in hospitalization. Additional outcomes included outpatient treatment with antibiotic or herpes antiviral medications. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated in Cox regressions.Results: A total of 6421 patients (3260 taking rituximab, 1588 taking natalizumab, 1535 taking fingolimod, and 2217 taking interferon beta/GA) were included, plus a comparator cohort of 42 645 individuals. Among 6421 patients with 8600 treatment episodes, the mean (SD) age at treatment start ranged from 35.0 (10.1) years to 40.4 (10.6) years; 6186 patients were female. The crude rate of infections was higher in patients with MS taking interferon beta and GA than the general population (incidence rate, 8.9 [95% CI, 6.4-12.1] vs 5.2 [95% CI, 4.8-5.5] per 1000 person-years), and higher still in patients taking fingolimod (incidence rate, 14.3 [95% CI, 10.8-18.5] per 1000 person-years), natalizumab (incidence rate, 11.4 [95% CI, 8.3-15.3] per 1000 person-years), and rituximab (incidence rate, 19.7 [95% CI, 16.4-23.5] per 1000 person-years). After confounder adjustment, the rate remained significantly higher for rituximab (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.11-2.61]) but not fingolimod (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.84-2.03]) or natalizumab (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.71-1.77]) compared with interferon beta and GA. In contrast, use of herpes antiviral drugs during rituximab treatment was similar to that of interferon beta and GA and lower than that of natalizumab (HR, 1.82 [1.34-2.46]) and fingolimod (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.27-2.32]).Conclusions and Relevance: Patients with MS are at a generally increased risk of infections, and this differs by treatment. The rate of infections was lowest with interferon beta and GA; among newer treatments, off-label use of rituximab was associated with the highest rate of serious infections. The different risk profiles should inform the risk-benefit assessments of these treatments.
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| 1853. |
- Lund, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in exchange of CO2 across 12 northern peatland and tundra sites
- 2010
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 16:9, s. 2436-2448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many wetland ecosystems such as peatlands and wet tundra hold large amounts of organic carbon (C) in their soils, and are thus important in the terrestrial C cycle. We have synthesized data on the carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange obtained from eddy covariance measurements from 12 wetland sites, covering 1-7 years at each site, across Europe and North America, ranging from ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands to wet tundra ecosystems, spanning temperate to arctic climate zones. The average summertime net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was highly variable between sites. However, all sites with complete annual datasets, seven in total, acted as annual net sinks for atmospheric CO2. To evaluate the influence of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R-eco) on NEE, we first removed the artificial correlation emanating from the method of partitioning NEE into GPP and R-eco. After this correction neither R-eco (P = 0.162) nor GPP (P = 0.110) correlated significantly with NEE on an annual basis. Spatial variation in annual and summertime R-eco was associated with growing season period, air temperature, growing degree days, normalized difference vegetation index and vapour pressure deficit. GPP showed weaker correlations with environmental variables as compared with R-eco, the exception being leaf area index (LAI), which correlated with both GPP and NEE, but not with R-eco. Length of growing season period was found to be the most important variable describing the spatial variation in summertime GPP and R-eco; global warming will thus cause these components to increase. Annual GPP and NEE correlated significantly with LAI and pH, thus, in order to predict wetland C exchange, differences in ecosystem structure such as leaf area and biomass as well as nutritional status must be taken into account.
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| 1854. |
- Lundberg, Peter, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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C-13 NMR spectroscopy studies of forest soil microbial activity : glucose uptake and fatty acid biosynthesis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 33:4-5, s. 621-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intimate association of soil microorganisms with the soil matrix complicates analysis of their metabolism, since thorough separation of intact cells from the matrix is very difficult using standard protocols. Thus, in the study reported here, in situ glucose decomposition and metabolism in humus from a coniferous forest soil was monitored and evaluated using ‘solution state’ 13C NMR, which can be used in a non-invasive manner. [U-13C] glucose was added at a concentration of 1.73 mmol C g−1 dry organic matter, which is known to allow maximal substrate induced respiration (SIR), and the microbial metabolism of the added C was followed over a period of 28 days. The data showed that ∼50% of the added glucose was consumed within three days, coinciding with the appearance of label in CH3, –CH2– and –CH=CH– groups, and in glycerol-carbons, suggesting that olefinic triacylglycerols were being formed, probably located in oil droplets. During days two to three, around 40% of the consumed glucose C was allocated into solid state components, about 40% was respired and about 20% was found as triglycerols. The triacylglycerol signal reached a maximum after 13 days, but subsequently declined by 60%, as the triacylglycerols were apparently consumed, by day 28 of the incubation. Our results indicate there was an initial formation of structural microbial C (solid state carbon) followed by formation of storage lipid C, which subsequently decreased, probably because it was used to provide the organisms with energy when the external energy source (i.e. the glucose) was depleted. The formation of unsaturated triacylglycerols, typical storage metabolites of eucaryotes, suggests that fungi were the most active organisms in the glucose degradation.
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| 1855. |
- Lundgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Three replication origins in Sulfolobus species : synchronous initiation of chromosome replication and asynchronous termination
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 101:18, s. 7046-7051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromosome replication origins were mapped in vivo in the two hyperthermophilic archaea, Sulfolobus acidocaidarius and Sulfolobus solfataricus, by using microarray-based marker frequency analysis. Bidirectional replication was found to be initiated in near synchrony from three separate sites in both organisms. Two of the three replication origins in each species were located in the vicinity of a cdc6/orc1 replication initiation gene, whereas no known replication-associated gene could be identified near the third origin in either organism. In contrast to initiation, replication termination occurred asynchronously, such that certain replication forks continued to progress for >40 min after the others had terminated. In each species, all replication forks advanced at similar DNA polymerization rates; this was found to be an order of magnitude below that displayed by Escherichia coli and thus closer to eukaryotic elongation rates. In S. acidocaidarius, a region containing short regularly spaced repeats was found to hybridize aberrantly, as compared to the rest of the chromosome, raising the possibility of a centromere-like function.
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| 1856. |
- Lundgren, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Coronary Artery Disease Patients : Potential Improvements in Mastery and Depressive Symptoms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings. - : Springer / Plenum. - 1068-9583 .- 1573-3572. ; 29:3, s. 489-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depressive symptoms after coronary events are associated with a worse prognosis. When changing the focus from psychopathology towards a resilience framework, treatments such as mindfulness meditation could offer novel ways to address psychological distress among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We studied the feasibility of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for CAD patients with depressive symptoms. Seventy-nine CAD patients with elevated depressive symptoms were invited to an 8-week MBSR course. Twenty-four patients (30%) accepted and 16 (20%) completed MBSR. Depressive symptoms decreased immediately after the course (p = .006). After 12 months, this improvement remained, and Mastery scores increased (p = .005). A reference group of 108 CAD patients did not show any significant changes in depressive symptoms or Mastery between 1 and 12 months after a coronary event. MBSR thus appears to be a feasible alternative for CAD patients with elevated depressive symptoms. Future studies are warranted to study if MBSR can improve psychological functioning in CAD patients. Clinicaltrials.gov (Registration Number: NCT03340948).
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| 1857. |
- Lundin, A., et al.
(författare)
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Slow genetic divergence of Helicobacter pylori strains during long-term colonization
- 2005
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 73:8, s. 4818-4822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic variability of Helicobacter pylori is known to be high compared to that of many other bacterial species. H. pylori is adapted to the human stomach, where it persists for decades, and adaptation to each host results in every individual harboring a distinctive bacterial population. Although clonal variants may exist within such a population, all isolates are generally genetically related and thus derived from a common ancestor. We sought to determine the rate of genetic change of H. pylori over 9 years in two asymptomatic adult patients. Arbitrary primed PCR confirmed the relatedness of individual subclones within a patient. Furthermore, sequencing of 10 loci (similar to 6,000 bp) in three subclones per time and patient revealed only two base pair changes among the subclones from patient I. All sequences were identical among the patient II subclones. However, PCR amplification of the highly divergent gene amiA revealed great variation in the size of the gene between the subclones within each patient. Thus, both patients harbored a single strain with clonal variants at both times. We also studied genetic changes in culture- and mouse-passaged strains, and under both conditions no genetic divergence was found. These results suggest that previous estimates of the rate of genetic change in H. pylori within an individual might be overestimates.
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| 1858. |
- Lundin, Johan A., et al.
(författare)
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Rockmusik och folkbildarnas gränser
- 2009
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Ingår i: Populärmusik, uppror och samhälle. - : Malmö högskola. - 9789171040503 ; , s. 137-156
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 1859. |
- Lundin, Johan A., et al.
(författare)
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Rock'n'roll och folkbildarnas gränser
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I vårt paper intresserar vi oss för den omfattande rockmusikverksamhet som byggdes upp inom studieförbunden under 1980-talet. Vi är intresserade av hur denna skapades och hur kulturella gränser synliggjordes, hotades och överskreds i mötet mellan folkbildare och de ungdomar som spelade rockmusik. Av utrymmesskäl är det här endast folkbildarnas perspektiv som diskuteras. Texten inleds med ett teoretiskt avstamp i Actor Network Theory, varefter vi analyserar hur rockmusikverksamheten utvecklades i studieförbunden på 1980-talet. Därefter följer en diskussion om Konsertbyråutredningen från 1963 som i stora delar legat till grund för folkbildarnas syn på rockmusik. Vi gör sedan två nedslag i material från tidigt 1980-tal. Det första är en studie av Skånes bildningsförbunds musikverksamhet utifrån dess programutbud. Det andra är en studie av vad som skrevs om rockmusik i ABF:s medlemstidning Fönstret. Texten är prövande och tänkt som underlag för en vidare diskussion om hur ett mer omfattande projekt med denna tematik skulle kunna utvecklas.
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| 1860. |
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