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Sökning: LAR1:lu > Jönköping University > (2005-2009) > Tidskriftsartikel > Engelska > (2007)

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1.
  • Asheim, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Constructing knowledge-based regional advantage : Implications for regional innovation policy
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - 1368-275X .- 1741-5098. ; 7:2-5, s. 140-155
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A focus on constructing regional advantage requires an 'unpacking' of what makes territorial agglomerations important for innovation and competitiveness by disclosing and revealing the contingencies, particularities and specificities of the various contexts and environments where knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship take place. In order to achieve more effective regional innovation policy, this paper presents and discusses three dimensions along which such unpacking can take place. These dimensions refer to (1) specific industrial knowledge bases, (2) globally distributed knowledge networks and (3) different territorial competence bases.
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3.
  • Eklund, Mona, et al. (författare)
  • Satisfaction with Daily Occupations : Construct validity and test-retest reliability of a screening tool for people with mental disorders
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 54:1, s. 59-65
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Aim: In occupational therapy research and in clinical practice there is a need for valid, reliable and easily administered measures. For research and screening purposes, the Satisfaction with Daily Occupations (SDO) instrument was developed. It addresses work, leisure, domestic tasks and self-care and generates a satisfaction and an activity level score. This study investigated its construct validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability in 55 clients visiting occupational therapists in outpatient mental health care. Methods: The SDO was administered on two occasions with a 1-week interval, and data on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), psychosocial functioning and self-rated health were collected on the first of these occasions. Results: In contrast to what was expected, the relationships between the SDO scores and the COPM scores were low. The strongest relationship between the SDO satisfaction score and any other variable was to psychosocial functioning. These variables shared 23% of the variance. Internal consistency for the satisfaction score was acceptable, alpha = 0.75 on the second occasion, and the test–retest reliability was good; rs = 0.84 for the satisfaction score and rs = 0.92 for the activity level. Conclusions: The results indicated that the SDO has satisfactory reliability. The instrument targets a specific construct, as compared to the COPM and the measurements of self-rated health and psychosocial functioning. Thus, the SDO and the COPM satisfaction scale seem to assess different phenomena, probably because the SDO has predefined items, not specifically targeting a certain client's problematic occupations, whereas the COPM is based on self-defined problems. The instruments may therefore supplement each other.
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4.
  • Moodysson, Jerker, et al. (författare)
  • Knowledge collaboration and proximity - The spatial organization of biotech innovation projects
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: European Urban and Regional Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7764 .- 1461-7145. ; 14:2, s. 115-131
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article addresses the role of proximity for knowledge collaboration between dedicated biotechnology firms (DBFs) and related actors. Innovation projects managed by a selection of eight Swedish DBFs are analysed in detail and classified with regard to their specific knowledge characteristics. Based on this classification, explanations to the relative importance of functional and relational proximity to collaborators are sought. The findings indicate that knowledge collaboration in projects characterized by embodied knowledge are more sensitive to functional proximity than projects characterized by embrained and encoded knowledge. The findings also indicate that even though functional proximity is facilitative, global knowledge collaboration is indispensable for most DBFs. The convenience of local collaboration can never replace the extreme requirements of specialized knowledge, which forces them to seek collaborators on a global arena despite the impediments they face in these situations. Policy resources aimed at promoting bioregions are therefore better used to enhance local resources and to provide conditions for DBFs to link up with global sources of knowledge rather than to boost the formation of 'second best' local networks.
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5.
  • Samuelson, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Stressful experiences in relation to depth of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Nursing in critical care. - : Wiley. - 1478-5153 .- 1362-1017. ; 12:2, s. 93-104
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • n mechanically ventilated patients, sedatives and analgesics are commonly used to ensure comfort, but there is no documented knowledge about the impact of depth of sedation on patients' perception of discomfort. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the relationship between stressful experiences and intensive care sedation, including the depth of sedation. During 18 months, 313 intubated mechanically ventilated adults admitted to two general intensive care units (ICU) for more than 24 h were included. Patients (n= 250) were interviewed on the general ward 5 days after ICU discharge using the ICU Stressful Experiences Questionnaire. Patient data including sedation scores as measured by the Motor Activity Assessment Scale (MAAS) were collected from hospital records after the interview. Of the 206 patients with memories of the intensive care, 82% remembered at least one experience as quite a bit or extremely bothersome. Multivariate analyses showed that higher proportion of MAAS score 3 (indicating more periods of wakefulness), longer ICU stay and being admitted emergent were factors associated with remembering stressful experiences of the ICU as more bothersome. The findings indicate that the depth of sedation has an impact on patients' perception of stressful experiences and that light sedation compared with heavy seems to increase the risk of perceiving experiences in the ICU as more bothersome. In reducing discomfort, depth of sedation and patient comfort should be assessed regularly, non-pharmacological interventions taken into account and the use of sedatives and analgesics adapted to the individual requirements of the patient
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6.
  • Samuelson, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Stressful memories and psychological distress in adult mechanically ventilated intensive care patients - a 2-month follow-up study
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 51:6, s. 671-678
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: To investigate patients' psychological distress in relation to memory and stressful experiences in the intensive care unit (ICU), and to identify early predictors for the development of high levels of acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed over 18 months in two general ICUs, including 313 intubated mechanically ventilated adults admitted for more than 24 h, 226 of whom completed the study. Patients were interviewed 5 days and 2 months post-ICU concerning their memories and psychological distress. The instruments used were the ICU Memory Tool, ICU Stressful Experience Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results: High symptom levels of anxiety, depression and acute PTSD 2 months post-ICU were present in 4.9%, 7.5% and 8.4% of the 226 patients, respectively. Psychological distress 2 months post-ICU was associated with experiences of the ICU rated as extremely stressful and with high levels of anxiety and depression 5 days post-ICU, but not with amnesia or delusional memories without factual recall of the ICU. Female sex, signs of agitation (increasing proportion of Motor Activity Assessment Scale scores of 4-6) and feelings of extreme fear during the ICU stay were significantly and independently associated with IES-R scores of 30 or more. Conclusions: Extremely stressful experiences of the ICU are associated with subsequent psychological distress. Female sex, agitation and extreme fear during the ICU stay seem to increase the risk of developing high levels of acute PTSD-related symptoms.
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7.
  • Sjöström-Strand, Annica, et al. (författare)
  • Stress in women's daily life before and after a myocardial infarction: a qualitative analysis.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 21, s. 10-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Little is known about women's perceptions of their daily life before and after a myocardial infarction (MI), especially with regard to stress, which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Aim: To describe and explore women's perceptions of stress before and after an MI. Method: Two interviews with women who suffered an MI, the first at the hospital (n = 20) and the second 4-10 months after the MI (n = 14), were analysed using a phenomenographic approach. Findings: The stress emanated either from within themselves (personal traits) or as an effect of their immediate surroundings. The period before the MI was stressful due to the different roles they had to maintain in their private and professional lives. They lost control over their daily life. After hospital discharge they both wanted and needed support, as they were terrified when they returned home. They did not know how much they could do and neither did their relatives, while little or no support was provided by the healthcare professionals. Conclusions: To prevent CHD in daily life and avoid reinforcing stress, it is important to place greater emphasis on stress as an important risk factor. An understanding of this phenomenon can assist primary healthcare, coronary care unit (CCU) and rehabilitation nurses in supporting these women as well as their partners to adapt their daily lives both before and after an MI. It is essential to formulate and implement individualised treatment plans and to provide support groups for women.
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