| 21. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes to dental hygienists: evaluation of the Dental Hygienist Beliefs Survey in a Swedish population of patients and students.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of dental hygiene. - : Wiley. - 1601-5029 .- 1601-5037. ; 5:2, s. 95-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate and test the psychometric properties of the Dental Hygienist Beliefs Survey (DHBS) in a Swedish sample of different patient groups and students. It was hypothesized that negative dental hygienist beliefs would discriminate between fearful and non-fearful study groups. The DHBS was distributed together with the revised Dental Beliefs Survey (DBS-R) and the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). The study sample included 394 subjects (130 students, 144 general dental patients, 90 periodontal patients and 30 patients on a waiting list for dental fear treatment). The results verified that the DHBS discriminates well between dentally fearful and non-fearful study groups. The DHBS had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96-0.98) in all the groups. The correlation between the DHBS and the DBS-R was high (rho = 0.82, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the DHBS correlated significantly with the DAS, as well as with a low but significant correlation to age (more negative attitudes in younger age groups) and gender (more negative attitudes amongst women). Regression analysis showed that gender and the DHBS items: 23, 16 and 28, i.e. items related to feeling helpless, worries/fears not being taken seriously and fear about 'bad news' possibly preventing treatment, were the most important predictors of dental fear. The results suggest that the DHBS may be a valid and reliable scale to use in order to assess patient's specific attitudes to dental hygienists. However, the psychometric properties including test-retest analysis and the underlying factor structure of the DHBS need to be further explored.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Abrahamsson, Kate, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Urodynamic findings in children with myelomeningocele after untethering of the spinal cord
- 2007
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Ingår i: J Urol. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347. ; 177:1, s. 331-4; discussion 334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The effect on bladder function of tethered spinal cord release in individuals with myelomeningocele differs in published studies, and the benefit has been the subject of debate. We studied the urodynamic findings in a consecutively treated population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 120 children born with myelomeningocele between 1986 and 1999, 20 underwent surgery for the tethered cord syndrome at a median age of 8 years (range 2 to 13). Time points for cystometry used for comparison were before symptoms at a median age of 20 months (range 9 to 106), a median of 5 months preoperatively (1 to 33) and at 12 months postoperatively (6 to 19). Severe bladder dysfunction was defined as basal pressure more than 40 and/or overactivity greater than 60 cm H2O, moderate dysfunction as basal pressure 20 to 40 and/or overactivity 20 to 60 cm H2O, and mild dysfunction as basal pressure less than 20 cm H2O. RESULTS: Of the 20 patients who underwent untethering 7 had improvement to a milder dysfunctional level, while 1 deteriorated postoperatively. Six patients experienced deterioration in bladder dysfunction level before untethering, and all returned to a milder level afterward. A total of 10 patients had unchanged bladder dysfunction before symptoms and preoperatively. Of these patients 9 (90%) continued unchanged after untethering, while 1 deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: After untethering secondary to myelomeningocele 35% of the patients experienced improved bladder function and 5% deteriorated. All of the patients who deteriorated before untethering improved afterward, and 90% of those who were stable preoperatively continued to be stable postoperatively. Therefore, regular evaluation of bladder function in children with myelomeningocele should be performed.
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| 24. |
- Abrahamsson, L., et al.
(författare)
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Behöver arbetslinjen inte forskning?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet Brännpunkt (debattinlägg). ; :2007-11-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Abrahamsson, Therése, 1976
(författare)
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Plasticity of the developing glutamate synapse in the hippocampus
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Synapses are highly plastic, i.e. they have the ability to change their signaling strength both in the short- and long-term (e.g. long-term potentiation - LTP) in response to specific patterns of activity. In the developing brain synaptic plasticity promotes activity-dependent development, whereas in the mature brain synaptic plasticity forms the basis for learning and memory. Although both development and learning involve organization and reorganization of synaptic circuits, the extent to which the plasticity behind these two phenomena uses the same mechanisms is unknown. The glutamate synapse which represents > 90 % of the brain synapses signals mainly via postsynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors. In the developing brain, sparse synaptic activation can make the synapse lose its AMPA signaling capacity, i.e. make it AMPA silent, while LTP can reinstall the AMPA signaling (unsilencing). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of the AMPA silent synapse, and its unsilencing, in developmental and mature synaptic plasticity. Electrophysiological recordings of synaptic transmission in the CA1 region and in the dentate gyrus of acute hippocampal slices were used for these studies. A new and unexpected finding was that AMPA unsilencing can also be induced by not activating the AMPA silent synapse for tens of minutes. Together with previous findings this suggests a model in which the glutamate synapse is born with a single AMPA labile module, i.e. the synapse cycles between an AMPA silent state, induced by sparse synaptic activity, and an AMPA signaling state, induced by the absence of synaptic activity. The results further suggest that AMPA silencing is a prerequisite for developmental LTP to occur. In other words, developmental LTP does not potentiate synaptic transmission but rather stabilizes the AMPA labile module. It can, however, transiently potentiate the synapse by the addition of a labile AMPA module to an existing synapse with a single stable AMPA module. After this initial period of synaptic stabilization there is an increase in synaptic connectivity between pre- and postsynaptic neurons. It is proposed that this increased connectivity can be explained, at least partly, by the addition of stable AMPA modules to existing synapses promoted by mature LTP. This thesis thus proposes that, using the same principle mechanism, namely the addition of stable AMPA modules, developmental LTP promotes initial synaptic stabilization while mature LTP promotes synaptic growth.
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| 26. |
- Abrahamsson, Therése, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Reversible synaptic depression in developing rat CA3-CA1 synapses explained by a novel cycle of AMPA silencing-unsilencing
- 2007
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY. - : American Physiological Society. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598. ; 98:5, s. 2604-2611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the developing hippocampus, experiments using whole cell recordings have shown that a small number of synaptic activations can convert many glutamate synapses to AMPA silent synapses. This depression of AMPA signaling is induced by low-frequency (0.05–0.2 Hz) activation, does not require N-methyl-d-aspartate or metabotropic glutamate receptor activation for its induction, and does not readily reverse after stimulus interruption. Here we show, using field recordings and perforated patch-clamp recordings of transmission in developing CA3–CA1 synapses, that this synaptic depression also can be observed under more noninvasive recording conditions. Moreover, under these conditions, the synaptic depression spontaneously recovers within 20 min by the absence of synaptic activation alone, with a time constant of ∼7 min as determined by field excitatory postsynaptic potential recordings. Thus as for the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP), recovery from this depression is susceptible to whole cell dialysis (“wash-out”). In contrast to LTP-induced unsilencing, the AMPA signaling after stimulus interruption was again labile, resumed stimulation resulted in renewed depression. The present study has thus identified a novel cycle for AMPA signaling in which the nascent glutamate synapse cycles between an AMPA silent state, induced by a small number of synaptic activations, and a labile AMPA signaling, induced by prolonged inactivity.
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| 27. |
- Abramowicz, Marek A, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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And yet it's expanding
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Astronomica. - 0001-5237. ; 57:2, s. 139-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Abramowicz, Marek A, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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The Twin Peak QPOs in Neutron Star and Black Hole Sources: What is explained, and What is not
- 2007
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Ingår i: Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias). ; 27, s. 8-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resonance model proposed in 2000 by Kluzniak and Abra-mo-wicz, explains the twin peak, high frequency, quasi periodic oscillations (HF QPOs) observed in the X-ray flux from black hole and neutron stars, as a non-linear resonance in modes of oscillations of accretion flows in strong gravity. While several important physical questions remain unanswered, recent observations of HF QPOs provide direct evidence of non-linear resonances. This article gives an up to date (May 2006) review of what has been explained, and what has not been explained, by the resonance model.
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| 30. |
- Abramowicz, Marek A, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Twin paradox on the photon sphere
- 2007
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW A. - 1050-2947. ; 75:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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