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Sökning: WFRF:(Holmér Ingvar)

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61.
  • Geng, Q., et al. (författare)
  • Temperature limit values for touching cold surfaces with the fingertip
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162 .- 0003-4878. ; 50:8, s. 851-862
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: At the request of the European Commission and in the framework of the European Machinery Directive, research was performed in five different laboratories to develop specifications for surface temperature limit values for the short-term accidental touching of the fingertip with cold surfaces. Methods: Data were collected in four laboratories with a total of 20 males and 20 females performing a grand total of 1655 exposures. Each touched polished blocks of aluminium, stainless steel, nylon-6 and wood using the distal phalanx of the index finger with a contact force of 1.0, 2.9 and 9.8 N, at surface temperatures from +2 to -40 degrees C for a maximum duration of 120 s. Conditions were selected in order to elicit varying rates of skin cooling upon contact. Contact temperature (T-C) of the fingertip was measured over time using a T-type thermocouple. Results: A database obtained from the experiments was collated and analysed to characterize fingertip contact cooling across a range of materials and surface temperatures. The database was subsequently used to develop a predictive model to describe the contact duration required for skin contact temperature to reach the physiological criteria of onset of pain (15 degrees C), onset of numbness (7 degrees C) and onset of frostbite risk (0 degrees C). Conclusions: The data reflect the strong link between the risk of skin damage and the thermal properties of the material touched. For aluminium and steel, skin temperatures of 0 degrees C occurs within 2-6 s at surface temperatures of -15 degrees C. For non-metallic surfaces, onset of numbness occurs within 15-65 s of contact at -35 degrees C and onset of cold pain occurs within 5 s of contact at -20 degrees C. The predictive model subsequently developed was a non-linear exponential expression also reflecting the effects of material thermal properties and initial temperature. This model provides information for the protection of workers against the risk of cold injury by establishing the temperature limits of cold touchable surfaces for a broad range of materials, and it is now proposed as guidance values in a new international standard.
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62.
  • Geng, Qiuqing, et al. (författare)
  • The Effect of Protective Gloves on Manual Dexterity in the Cold Environments
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 3:1-2, s. 15-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article presents a study on the effect of different protective gloves (which are commercially available and commonly used in the cold) on manual dexterity in cold environments. The experiments compared statistically four different types of gloves and two different types of gloving (outer or double) at +19 degrees C and -10 degrees C. Performance was determined both objectively and subjectively using two manual dexterity tasks: bolt-nut and pick-up tasks. The response measured was the time of performing each task. Statistical analysis showed that all independent factors such as glove type, participant, object size, and temperature had significant effects on the hand cooling reaction. A significant difference in the performance between the gloves was found in the bolt-nut task. It was also found that outer-inner combination gloving may be an approach to use for precision tasks.
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63.
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64.
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65.
  • Ghaddar, Nesreen, et al. (författare)
  • Experimental and Theoretical Study of Ventilation and Heat Loss From Isothermally Heated Clothed Vertical Cylinder in Uniform Flow Field
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Mechanics. - : ASME International. - 0021-8936 .- 1528-9036. ; 77:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The flow characteristics and heat transfer are studied in a vertical annulus of a heated cylinder surrounded by a permeable cylinder, subject to cross uniform wind with open end to the environment and in the presence of natural convection. The objective here is to develop a computationally efficient model capable of capturing the physics of the flow and heat transport to predict air renewal rates in the vertical annulus. The small quantities of air infiltrating/exfiltrating through the porous cylinder over its upstream/downstream regions do not substantially affect the external flow pattern around the clothed cylinder. The air annulus flow and heat transport model predicted the radial and vertical mass fluxes and the mass flow rate at the opening as a function of environment conditions, porous cylinder thermal properties, wind speed, and annulus geometry. Experiments were performed in a low speed wind tunnel (0.5-5 m/s), in which an isothermally heated vertical cylinder surrounded by a clothed outer cylinder was placed in uniform cross wind. The tracer gas method is used to predict total ventilation flow rates through the fabric and the opening. Good agreement was found between the model and experimental measurements of air renewal rate and predicted heat loss from the inner cylinder at steady conditions. A parametric study is performed to study the effect of wind speed and temperature difference between the wind and skin temperature on induced ventilation through the clothing and the opening. It is found that natural convection enhances ventilation of the annulus air at wind speed, less than 3 m/s, while at higher speeds, natural convection effect is negligible. As the temperature difference between external wind and inner cylinder surface increases, the vertical air temperature gradient and total upward airflow through the opening increase.
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66.
  • Giedraityte, Lina, et al. (författare)
  • Methods used to measure metabolic rate
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th year anniversary of M. Sc. ergonomics. - Luleå : Luleå University of Technology. Department of Human Work Sciences. Division of Industrial Ergonomics. ; , s. 243-250
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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67.
  • Giedraityte, Lina, et al. (författare)
  • Validation of methods for determination of metabolic rate in the Edholm scale and ISO 8996
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 7:2, s. 135-48
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to validate the Edholm scale (Edholm, 1966) and the ISO 8996 standard (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1990) by comparing the metabolic rates estimated for both methods with the actual measured metabolic rate (MMeas) in 6 manual material handling tasks simulated under laboratory conditions. The metabolic rate was calculated from oxygen consumption VO2 (19 participants) according to Standard No. ISO 8996 (ISO, 1990). Additionally, the participants estimated perceived exertion using the Borg scale. The metabolic rates derived from the Edholm scale (MEdh) overestimated 5 of 6 activities by 34-50% (alpha = .05). The metabolic rates derived from ISO 8996 (MISO) overestimated all activities by 7-38% (alpha = .05).
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68.
  • Gudmundsson, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Dust in Buildings - A Method for Identifying Particle Sources
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Environmental ergonomics XI : proceedings of the 11th International Conference, 22-26 May, 2005, Ystad, Sweden - proceedings of the 11th International Conference, 22-26 May, 2005, Ystad, Sweden. - 9163170620 ; , s. 507-510
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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69.
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70.
  • Havenith, Bensahbat, et al. (författare)
  • The UTCI-Clothing Model
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1254 .- 0020-7128. ; 56:3, s. 461-470
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was conceived as a thermal index covering the whole climate range from heat to cold. This would be impossible without considering clothing as the interface between the person (here, the physiological model of thermoregulation) and the environment. It was decided to develop a clothing model for this application in which the following three factors were considered: (1) typical dressing behaviour in different temperatures, as observed in the field, resulting in a model of the distribution of clothing over the different body segments in relation to the ambient temperature, (2) the changes in clothing insulation and vapour resistance caused by wind and body movement, and (3) the change in wind speed in relation to the height above ground. The outcome was a clothing model that defines in detail the effective clothing insulation and vapour resistance for each of the thermo-physiological model's body segments over a wide range of climatic conditions. This paper details this model's conception and documents its definitions.
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