| 21. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The interpreter : a cultural broker?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Interpreting in a changing landscape. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027224606 ; , s. 187-202
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Working conditions of interpreters and the responsibility of the government
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of paper presentations.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The right to interpretation service in Sweden is regulated under the Code of Judicial Procedure, the Administrative Procedures Act, and the State Officials Act. There aredifferent tools for fulfilling the responsibilities of the state, such as state funded educationand provision of authorization. In one crucial area, however, the State has no tools forcontrol and regulation of quality, namely within the labor market were communityinterpreters operate. The majority of interpreters are not employed, only registered withone or more agency. All appointments are made through an agency.Public service providers are obliged to respect the Public Procurement Act. Thus there is acompetition for contracts with agencies and not with interpreters. According to criticalvoices, this has undermined the possibilities for interpreters to have influence on theirlabor legislative situation. As there is no state supervision, except for the authorizedinterpreters, and no supervision of agencies it is impossible to make an accurateestimation of quality. We know, however, that there is divergence between agencies carefor interpreters. Some agencies pay for education, authorization, coaching andprofessional support while other agencies do nothing of the sort.Our empirical material is based on more than 100 interviews with community interpreters,educators, agencies, users etc., and fieldwork within all areas of community interpreting.Our paper deals with such rights of community interpreters as education, proper paymentand security. It deals with the question of professionalism, how the existing structuralframe undermines the ambition of interpreters to continue developing their professionalskills. It is a right for both the public service officer and the immigrant who cannot speak Swedish to have access to a skilled interpreter. The paper will consequently deal with theresponsibilities of the state in relation to above mentioned issues.
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| 23. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Working with combined methods
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of paper presentations.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are involved in two interlinked projects, “The community interpreter – a cultural broker”and “Behind closed doors – The significance of community interpreting for guaranteeing legal security and for integration; with special focus on the reception of unaccompanied children and the processing of their asylum cases” The main purpose is to analyze the position of community interpreters as cultural brokers since they are involved in interpreted meetings and communication between professionals and clients/patients. Through the eye of the community interpreter we will especially describe and analyze the reception of separated children and the handling of their asylum case. We combine a series of methods in our work. A short description of the methods: We have done more than 160 in depth and open interviews with actors from the whole of the interpreting field: Community interpreters, agencies, public service officers, refugees, clients, patients, educators... During two years we have continuously done observations in the publicly run homes where separated children are received, in agencies, at courts, in health care centers, and we have participated in a two year long basic training for interpreters as well as in coursed for further education. Furthermore we have established,and are working closely with, five different thematic groups of experienced people, interpreters, individuals who arrived in Sweden as separated children, educators, public officials and agencies. We hold seminars where our findings are continuously discussed. Our research is anchored in formal cooperation between the University in Lund, two educators (one folk high school and one educational association) and one agency. In our paper we will describe and analyze the use of these methods and evaluate the benefits and costs of the way of gaining knowledge that we have developed.
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| 24. |
- Holmquist Mengelbier, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Intratumoral genome diversity parallels progression and predicts outcome in pediatric cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic differences among neoplastic cells within the same tumour have been proposed to drive cancer progression and treatment failure. Whether data on intratumoral diversity can be used to predict clinical outcome remains unclear. We here address this issue by quantifying genetic intratumoral diversity in a set of chemotherapy-treated childhood tumours. By analysis of multiple tumour samples from seven patients we demonstrate intratumoral diversity in all patients analysed after chemotherapy, typically presenting as multiple clones within a single millimetre-sized tumour sample (microdiversity). We show that microdiversity often acts as the foundation for further genome evolution in metastases. In addition, we find that microdiversity predicts poor cancer-specific survival (60%; P=0.009), independent of other risk factors, in a cohort of 44 patients with chemotherapy-treated childhood kidney cancer. Survival was 100% for patients lacking microdiversity. Thus, intratumoral genetic diversity is common in childhood cancers after chemotherapy and may be an important factor behind treatment failure.
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| 25. |
- Itkes-Sznap, Gabriel, 1985-
(författare)
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Nollpunkten : Precisionens betydelse hos Witold Gombrowicz, Inger Christensen och Herta Müller
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation examines precision as an aesthetic concept and practice in texts by Witold Gombrowicz (1904–1969), Inger Christensen (1935–2009) and Herta Müller (1953–). Although often referred to in contemporary criticism as a marker of aesthetic value, precision in literature has rarely been the subject of academic study. The dissertation relates the meaning of precision in literature to its meaning in and for the natural sciences and takes the conceptual dependence of the former on the latter as its point of departure. It presupposes a connection between scientific or mathematical precision and the concept of nihilism, and, in a further step, makes the claim that modern literary precision should be viewed in light of a history fraught by nihilistic destruction. Two poetological texts by the poet Paul Celan (1920–1970) are identified as places where the concept of precision in its double function – both scientific/nihilistic and literary/poetic – is explicated in a historically decisive way. Together, they are construed as an interpretative frame for the subsequent readings of Gombrowicz, Christensen and Müller. The idea of “the zero point” as a point of orientation for literary precision is mapped out by way of an interpretation of Celan’s notion of “the date”. Literary precision is presented as a form of sensibility, determined by and determining sensible particulars, rather than general and abstract rules. The close readings of Gombrowicz, Christensen and Müller, focus on formative passages in each of the writer’s works where such sensibility is brought to the fore. Each reading is structured around a trope – the antinomy in the case of Gombrowicz, the chiasm in the case of Christensen and the simile in the case of Müller. All three are shown to reflect the act of precision in practice, express its guiding sensibility and demonstrate that it is paradoxical in nature – it can, so it is argued, ultimately be understood as a precision of the imprecise.
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| 26. |
- Karlsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase through gene fusion in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7980 .- 0304-3835. ; 357:2, s. 498-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare tumor type affecting infants and young children. Most CCSKs display few genomic aberrations, and no general underlying mechanism for tumor initiation has yet been identified, although a YWHAE-NUTM2B/NUTM2E fusion gene has been observed in a minority of cases. We performed RNA-sequencing of 22 CCSKs to investigate the presence of additional fusion transcripts. The presence of the YWHAE-NUTM2B/NUTM2E fusion was confirmed in two cases. In addition, a novel IRX2-TERT fusion transcript was identified in one case. SNP-array analyses revealed the underlying event to be an interstitial deletion in the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p15.33). TERT was dramatically upregulated under the influence of the IRX2 promoter. In line with TERT expression being driven by active IRX2 regulatory elements, we found a high expression of IRX2 in CCSKs irrespective of fusion gene status. IRX2 was also expressed in human fetal kidney - the presumed tissue of origin for CCSK. We conclude that in addition to promoter mutations and epigenetic events, TERT can also be activated in tumors via formation of fusion transcripts.
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| 27. |
- Norström, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Interpreters in Sweden : A tool for Equal Rights?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gramma. Journal of Theory and Criticism. - Thessaloniki : Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. - 1106-1170. ; 19, s. 59-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with professional community interpreting as a tool for guaranteeing equal rights. The main focus is on the interpreter with specialfocus on children in interpreted meetings. Equal access to legal, social and medical rights is a prerequisite for a democratic welfare state. These rights depend to a large extent on verbal communication between an individual and a public servant such as a lawyer, a social worker, a teacher or a doctor. Non-Swedish speakers need interpretation in order to be able to come into contact with these services and enjoy their fullrights. Professional interpretation, therefore, is a necessary tool to enable the public servant to do his/her job; more importantly, it is a tool to obtain maximum legal, social and medical security for the immigrant. The paper deals with the actors involved, and with issues of responsibilityand synergy. The empirical material has been collected from two research projects on community interpreting (2008-2011). A conclusion is that in community interpreting the interpreter and the public servant have responsibilities. Therefore, professionalism together with mutual respect and teamwork are important tools to avoid misunderstandings and to guarantee full access to equal rights.
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| 28. |
- Norström, Eva, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Tolkars roll och tolkars yrkesetik
- 2013
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Ingår i: Från ett språk till ett annat. - Falun : Norstedts Förlag. - 9789113053660 ; , s. 249-261
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 29. |
- Norström, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Working conditions of community interpreters in Sweden : Opportunities and shortcomings
- 2012
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Ingår i: Interpreting. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1384-6647 .- 1569-982X. ; 14:2, s. 242-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to describe and analyse the working conditions of interpreters and interpreting services in Sweden. An understanding of interpreters' working conditions is a key to such factors as the management of resources, the reading and implementation of legislation, the organisation of interpreting services and the performance of interpreters in different situations. An understanding of interpreters' working conditions is also important in understanding how multiculturalism and multilingualism are viewed on a national scale in Sweden. This review of the working conditions of interpreters is based on material from two joint research projects, which appear to indicate that interpreters as a group have much to say and often reflect on their work and working conditions. The interpreters participating in this study often demonstrated a strong commitment to professionalism. At the same time, however, many of the reflections recorded for this study were about things that undermine professionalism: bad working conditions, low pay, the feeling of being "as replaceable as potatoes", and the feeling that the social status of interpreters is low. In analysing the consequences of working conditions we have found a tension between professionalism and deprofessionalisation. This tension has consequences for the rule of law and integration.
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| 30. |
- Torkpoor, Rozita, et al.
(författare)
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"I Know Hyena. Do you Know Hyena?" Challenges in Interpreter-Mediated Dementia Assessment, Focusing on the Role of the Interpreter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 37:1, s. 45-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia assessment requires functional communication and interaction between healthcare professionals and the patient being assessed. These can be affected by the requirement for an interpreter to communicate with the patient. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the interactions between patient, healthcare professionals and interpreter, focusing on the role of the interpreter and the challenges that may arise in interpreter-mediated dementia assessment. The study had an ethnographic design in which the data consisted of audio and video recordings of 19 dementia assessments conducted in the presence of an interpreter. The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The results showed that the interpreter could affect the patient's performance and results during the dementia assessment. The interpreter could alter the meaning and content of what was communicated, sometimes change information and instructions exchanged between the patient and healthcare professionals, could avoid interpreting everything being said, and occasionally made their own corrections to what was being communicated. This occurred mainly because of the interpreter's lack of linguistic skills and the interpreter failing to adhere to the ethical guidelines governing their profession. These challenges could also occur when the interpreter was not familiar with the context of dementia assessment. Alterations made by the interpreter to what was being communicated could lead to incorrect evaluation of the patient's cognitive abilities and health status. This, in turn, may lead to misjudgment of the patient's remaining resources and symptoms and their required treatment and support.
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