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- Roza, Manfred, et al.
(författare)
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The GM-VV: It’s Relationship to the VV&A Overlay for the FEDEP
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop. - Orlando, FL, USA : SISO.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Generic Methodology for Verification and Validation (GM-VV) is a generic methodology for VV&A to justify the acceptability of models, simulation, underlying data and results for an intended use. This methodology is currently in the processes of standardization within the SISO. The GM-VV attains its genericness from an abstractly defined reference framework approach, instead of trying to cover or merge all possible and existing VV&A methods into a single one-size-fits-all VV&A method implementation. This means that the GM-VV is neither prescriptive in nature, nor directly tied to any specific M&S application domain, standard, technology, organization or other distinctive M&S context related VV&A details. The GM-VV provides a three tier reference framework that consists of a conceptual, an implementation and a tailoring framework. The first two are aimed at facilitating communication, understanding and implementation of VV&A across and between different M&S contexts. The tailoring framework is applied to cost-efficiently develop and apply concrete VV&A method instantiations that meet the individual M&S organization, project, technology or application domain needs and constraints. This paper demonstrates how the established VV&A overlay for the FEDEP (IEEE 1516.4) is encompassed by the GM-VV and how it can be derived from its reference framework. A mapping between the VV&A Overlay terminology, definitions and concepts, and those of the GM-VV is provided. Detailed mappings of the VV&A overlay roles, processes and products onto the GM-VV implementation framework components illustrate the tailoring of GM-VV towards a VV&A method instance that fits a specific M&S technology, the FEDEP (1516.3). These mappings serve as an educational example to improve the understanding of the GM-VV purpose, usage and relationship to other VV&A standards.
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- Nekludov, Michael
(författare)
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Abnormal coagulation and platelet function in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a high mortality and severe long-term morbidity in survivors. TBI often affects previously healthy young persons, and represents one of the most common causes of death among younger patients. The outcome in general trauma patients has improved over the recent decades. Unfortunately, lesser improvements have been achieved in the treatment of TBI. The pathophysiology of TBI is complicated, and changes in the haemostatic system are important parts of the complex response that occurs following TBI. Development of socalled secondary brain injuries with bleeding complications follow the trauma and contributes to the adverse outcome. In the present thesis patients with severe isolated TBI were studied, with a focus on abnormalities in coagulation and platelet function. Cerebrovenous blood samples were collected repeatedly and compared to samples from the arterial circulation, in order to investigate the pathophysiological processes within the damaged brain. In agreement with previous studies, we observed that changes in the haemostatic system developed in hours to days following TBI. Intracerebral inflammation was also present in the TBI patients, which may modify coagulation responses to injury. Signs of “platelet dysfunction”, with a decreased platelet response to arachidonic acid, was observed in the patients, and over time a bleeding tendency developed. This “platelet dysfunction” was associated with bleeding complications. We also investigated circulating microparticles (MPs) released from platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes using flow-cytometry. We found that activation of platelets took place when blood passed the injured brain, as there was a transcranial gradient in platelet MPs exposing the platelet activation marker P-selectin. We also found that endothelial derived MPs exposing tissue factor were generated in the injured brain and released into the circulation, whereas leukocyte derived MPs exposing tissue factor seemed to accumulate in the brain. In order to identify new brain specific markers of injury we assessed circulating MPs exposing antigens from brain tissue (from astrocytes and neurons) using flow cytometry. These MPs were higher in plasma from TBI patients compared to healthy controls, but there was a considerable variability between individuals, and also with-in the patients over time. More research is needed before MPs derived from brain tissue can be used as biomarkers in TBI. Monitoring of coagulation and platelet function in TBI may provide information regarding which patients that will develop bleeding complications and need hemostatic (procoagulant) treatment. Solid evidence that this improves patient outcome is, however, lacking at present.
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- Muthukumar, Kaliappan, et al.
(författare)
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Endohedral Fullerene Ce@C82 on Cu(111): Orientation, Electronic Structure, and Electron-Vibration Coupling
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:4, s. 1656-1662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of the endohedral fullerene Ce@C82 on Cu(111) have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). Ce@C82 forms islands on the substrate. Our STM measurements show relatively large differences in morphology and electron spectra of molecules within these islands indicating multiple molecular orientations on the substrate, while the vibrational spectra are more uniform. We have determined molecular orientations by comparing STM and DFT molecular morphology, and we have calculated Ce@C82 bound to Cu(111) and found that it is chemisorbed. We show that Ce@C82 adopts orientations on the surface that enables Ce to remain at its most favorable binding site inside C82. The effect of chemisorption on the structural and electronic properties of Ce@C82 is thus small, and the orientations are limited to configurations with Ce in the upper hemisphere of the molecular configurational space. We show that the variations in the dI/dV spectra between molecules of different orientations is due to Ce-cage orbitals that are localized in space and their involvement in tunneling depends on the molecular orientation on the substrate. The observed electron-vibration coupling modes in the STM-IETS (in-elastic tunneling spectroscopy) of Ce@C82 arise from cage modes only, and therefore, electron transport properties are expected to be different compared to Ce2@C80, which has active Ce-cage vibrations.
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- Tarasov, Vladimir, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Application of inference rules to a software requirements ontology to generate software test cases
- 2017
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Ingår i: OWL: Experiences and Directions – Reasoner Evaluation. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319546278 ; , s. 82-94
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Testing of a software system is resource-consuming activity. One of the promising ways to improve the efficiency of the software testing process is to use ontologies for testing. This paper presents an approach to test case generation based on the use of an ontology and inference rules. The ontology represents requirements from a software requirements specification, and additional knowledge about components of the software system under development. The inference rules describe strategies for deriving test cases from the ontology. The inference rules are constructed based on the examination of the existing test documentation and acquisition of knowledge from experienced software testers. The inference rules are implemented in Prolog and applied to the ontology that is translated from OWL functional-style syntax to Prolog syntax. The first experiments with the implementation showed that it was possible to generate test cases with the same level of detail as the existing, manually produced, test cases.
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- Rahm, M, et al.
(författare)
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Phase stability of the rare-earth sesquioxides under pressure
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 80:10, s. 104105-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative phase stability of the C- and A-type polymorphs of rare-earth sesquioxides RE2O3 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Er, and Lu) under pressure have been studied by ab initio methods based on density-functional theory within the local-density approximation (LDA), and generalized gradient approximation. Both functionals show that the pressure of the C- to A-phase transition increases in the oxide series, although, the LDA results appear to be in better agreement with experimental data. The equation of states and pressure dependence of bulk modulus, c/a ratio and other structural parameters are analyzed. Our results indicate that the phase stability in these oxides to a large extend is determined by the electrostatic contribution to the total energy and it is related to the relaxation pattern of the structures.
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- Eikenaar, Cas, et al.
(författare)
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Stopover departure decisions in autumn are not associated with constitutive immune function in Northern Wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Ornithology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-7192 .- 2193-7206. ; 160:3, s. 813-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stopover periods in between migratory flights determine the speed of migration and as such may affect birds’ fitness. The decision to leave a stopover site is affected by, for example, energy stores and weather conditions. We investigated whether immunological state influences autumn stopover departure decisions in Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), a nocturnal long-distance migrant. We measured three parameters of constitutive immune function: microbial killing capacity, haptoglobin, and total immunoglobulins. None of them explained variation in departure probability, minimum stopover duration, or departure time within the night. Thus, we did not find an effect of the birds’ immunological state on stopover departure decisions.
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