| 61. |
- Evans Axelsson, Susan, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of a novel botanical agent TBS-101 on invasive prostate cancer in animal models.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 1791-7530. ; 29:10, s. 3917-3924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Traditional Botanical Supplement-101 (TBS-101) is a newly developed proprietary botanical agent containing seven standardized botanical extracts, including: Panax ginseng, cranberry, green tea, grape skin, grape seed, Ganoderma lucidum and chamomile. Each of the components has been consumed either in the regular diet or as natural supplement. When used as a single agent, each of these seven botanicals has been implicated in chemoprevention and therapy in various types of cancer. The anticancer effect of TBS-101, with the specific combination of these anti-cancer botanicals for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), has not been tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The IC(50) and the effect of TBS-101 on the proliferation and apoptosis of PC-3 cells were determined. Tumor xenograft mice were generated by subcutaneously implanting PC-3 cells into mice and tumors were allowed to grow to different sizes before starting the treatment. The effects of TBS-101 on tumor growth were assessed by measuring tumor size and by histological, pathological and immunohistochemical analyses. A basic toxicity study was performed to test the tolerance of the mice to high doses of TBS-101. RESULTS: Treatment of the PC-3 cells with TBS-101 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, with an IC(50) of 1.4 microg/ml. A concomitant induction of apoptosis in PC-3 cells treated with TBS-101 was also observed. Upon the treatment with TBS-101, all three groups of mice bearing moderate or large tumors showed significant inhibition of tumor growth and invasion. In contrast, control mice treated with vehicle alone had significant tumor growth and lymph node metastasis. In the basic toxicity studies, high doses of TBS-101 exerted no toxicity in healthy or tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION: The natural botanical agent TBS-101 has a good safety profile and significant anticancer activities in hormone-refractory PC-3 cells and large aggressive PC-3 tumors in a xenograft mouse model and has great potential for the treatment of aggressive prostate cancer.
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| 62. |
- Fernebro, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Standardizing evaluation of sarcoma proliferation - higher Ki-67 expression in the tumor periphery than the center
- 2007
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Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0463. ; 115:6, s. 707-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soft tissue sarcomas often present as large and histopathologically heterogenous tumors. Proliferation has repeatedly been identified as a prognostic factor and immunostaining for Ki-67 represents the most commonly used proliferation marker. There is, however, a lack of consensus on how to evaluate Ki-67 staining regarding optimal cut-off levels, selection of tumor areas, and the number of tumor cells to evaluate. We assessed the impact of targeting peripheral versus central tumor areas using tissue microarray-based staining for Ki-67 throughout the tumor diameter in 25 leiomyosarcomas. In 18/25 tumors, Ki-67 expression was higher in the tumor periphery. If 10% staining tumor nuclei was used as cut-off and the maximal Ki-67 staining section in the tumor periphery was considered, 21/25 tumors would have been classified as highly proliferative compared to 14/25 if the tumor center had been analyzed. Similar results were obtained also when higher cut-off levels were used and if the mean expression rather than the maximal expression was considered and the differences were neither caused by necrosis nor by hypoxia (assessed as HIF-1 alpha expression). Our findings suggest that the determination of proliferation in soft tissue sarcomas should be standardized for clinical application of Ki-67 as a prognostic marker.
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| 63. |
- Flodén, Liselott, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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A myriad shades of green
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Bridges 2009, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the possible application of techniques inspired by the theories of G-convergence and homogenization to understand mixtures of colors and how they appear as observed by the human eye. The ideas are illustrated by pictures describing the equivalent of a convergence process for different kinds of mixtures of colors.
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| 64. |
- Flodén, Liselott, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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On the determination of effective properties of certain structures with non-periodic temporal oscillations
- 2009
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Ingår i: MATHMOD 2009 - 6th Vienna International Conference on Mathematical Modelling. - Wien : Vienna University Press (WUV). - 9783901608353 ; , s. 2627-2630
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the homogenization of an evolution problem modelled by a parabolic equation, where the coefficient describing the structure is periodic in space but may vary in time in a non-periodic way. This is performed applying a generalization of two-scale convergence called λ-scale convergence. We give a result on the characterization of the λ-scale limit of gradients under certain boundedness assumptions. This is then applied to perform the homogenization procedure. It turns out that, under a certain condition on the rate of change of the temporal variations, the effective property of the given structure can be determined the same way as in periodic cases.
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| 65. |
- Fordell, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Carrier-envelope phase stabilization of a multi-millijoule, regenerative-amplifier-based chirped-pulse amplifier system
- 2009
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 17:23, s. 21091-21097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports on the successful stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase of a 1-kHz laser system that includes a large grating stretcher, a regenerative amplifier, a multipass amplifier and a grating compressor. Phase stability for pulse energies up to 6 mJ is demonstrated using electronic feedback to the oscillator locking electronics as well as feedback via an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
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| 66. |
- Fridberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Protein expression and cellular localization in two prognostic subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma : higher expression of ZAP70 and PKC-beta II in the non-germinal center group and poor survival in patients deficient in nuclear PTEN
- 2007
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Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 48:11, s. 2221-2232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) show varying responses to conventional therapy, and this might be contributed to the differentiation stage of the tumor B-cells. The aim of the current study was to evaluate a panel of kinases (ZAP70, PKC-β I and II and phosphorylated PKB/Akt) and phosphatases (PTEN, SHP1 and SHP2) known to be frequently deregulated in lymphoid malignancies. De novo DLBCL cases were divided into two subgroups, the germinal center (GC) group (14/28) and the non-germinal center (non-GC) or activated B-cell (ABC) group (14/28). ZAP70 and PKC-β II were expressed in a significantly higher percentage of tumor cells in the clinically more aggressive non-GC group compared with the prognostically favourable GC group. Also, the subcellular localization of PKC-β I and II differed in DLBCL cells, with the PKC-β I isoform being expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, while PKC-β II was found exclusively in the cytoplasm. Loss of nuclear PTEN correlated with poor survival in cases from both subgroups. In addition, five cell lines of DLBCL origin were analyzed for protein expression and for mRNA levels of PTEN and SHP1. For the first time, we show that ZAP70 is expressed in a higher percentage of tumor cells in the aggressive non-GC subgroup of DLBCL and that PKC-β I and II are differently distributed in the two prognostic subgroups of de novo DLBCL.
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| 67. |
- Gardelli, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics in school : a study of the foundation and methods for value communication
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is about a coming project concerning a coherentist approach to ethics in school. The project has two main parts; one theoretical and one empirical. The former focuses on philosophical problems and issues concerning coherentism as a metaethical position in general, and particularly when applied to the field of value education, and the latter aims to study some consequences of a coherentist approach to the study of discussing ethical matters with children.Metaethical coherentism is a position in the discussion about justification of moral judgements. According to coherentism, we build some kind of web in which different moral judgements are connected by some justification‐relation or the like. Some judgements might be more central than others, but these can be justified by the more particular and peripheral ones, and vice versa. Coherentism differs from foundationalism, according to which there are some foundational judgements that are not justified by any other judgements. The rest of our judgements are justified if they are justified by this foundation. We wish to study what benefits a coherentist approach might have in the study of ethical discussions in school. In Sweden, the educational system has as one of its main purposes to mediate a "value foundation" based on "Christian ethical tradition and western humanism" to the pupils. Suppose now that you have a foundationalist approach to ethical discussion in schools, as many seem to have had historically, and that some pupil expresses the judgement that some of his classmates have a lower value than him, due to the colour of their skin. This judgement conflicts with the judgement that the colour of ones skin does not have any bearing of ones value, included in the value foundation of the school. According to a foundationalist, we here have a conflict between foundational values, or so we can suppose. In this case, there is nothing obvious to do to resolve this conflict, because the foundational values cannot be justified; it is supposed that we simply realise the correctness of them by our moral intuition, or the like. A coherentist, on the other side, could point to how these two different judgements gain different amount of justification from other judgements, and thereby hopefully find consensus, and hence dissolve the conflict.Coherentism is not theoretically unproblematic, though. One problem is how to understand the justification‐relation. What does it mean that two propositions justify each other? Philosophers have discussed several different proposals. We give a new proposal, based on some of Arne Naess' theories. With regard to methods for ethical discussion in relation to a coherentistic approach, it seems as a "philosophy with children" approach will seem as a natural choice.
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| 68. |
- Glinec, Yannick, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of energy spectrum from laser-accelerated protons with a 100 fs intense prepulse
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2171 .- 1432-0649. ; 93:2-3, s. 317-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A parametric study is reported where a femtosecond prepulse is used to change the target properties before the interaction with a multi-terawatt laser pulse which accelerates protons from a foil target. The proton spectrum as function of the prepulse delay and intensity, up to 1.5 ns and up to 3x106 W/cm2, respectively, shows a global decrease of the maximum proton energy with delay and intensity. However, under appropriate conditions, it is found that the maximum proton energy increases by more than 10% and that the spectral shape changes.
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| 69. |
- Goldin, Stephen, 1948-
(författare)
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Living in the present with the past : mental health of Bosnian refugee children in Sweden
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The negative impact of war on child mental health has been repeatedly documented. Still, the majority of children exposed to ethnic and political violence show no signs of clinical disorder. In Western countries of exile, these findings have prompted a variety of attempts to evaluate refugee children, in the hope of identifying and offering support to those children “at risk”. This study critically examines one such attempt. The aims are fourfold: 1. to describe the range and pattern of child trauma-stress exposure and mental health reactions as captured on clinician semi-structured interview; 2. to critically compare clinician assessment with independent parent, child and teacher reports; 3. to identify factors of potential risk or protective import for child mental health; 4. to draw clinical implications: from whom and by what means can children at risk be reasonably identified? The target of our study was the entire population of Bosnian-Serbian-Croatian speaking child refugee families assigned to Umeå and surrounding municipalities during 1994-95. Fifty families, containing 90 children aged one month to 20 years, were included in the study. Assessment occurred in two phases. First, a semi-structured interview was conducted that inquired broadly as to the child’s family background, trauma-stress exposure, emotional-behavioral problems, patterns of family functioning, and future hopes. Second, standardized self-report questionnaires were administered, separately to parent and child, to provide alternative appraisal of the child’s war exposure, mental health symptoms, coping strategies, and social network. Teacher evaluation of child cognitive-social functioning as well as emotional-behavioral problems was also obtained. Clinician semi-structured interview revealed the child’s pre-war period as preponderantly good, and provided richly detailed narratives of child exposure during war and resettlement that clustered into a limited number of type-stories. Independent parent assessment captured the same broad strokes of child war exposure; but both approaches – fixed questionnaire and semi-structured interview – showed specific areas of blindness. Teenage self-report offered a disparate but equally rich account of war exposure, while that of primary school child was significantly less detailed. Nearly half of the study children (48%) were identified on clinician interview with one or more mental health problem “demanding further attention”. Depressiveness was the single most prevalent symptom (31%), followed by posttraumatic reactions (23%) and anxiety-regressiveness (15%). Independent symptom appraisal by parent and primary school child was largely concordant with that of clinician, while teenagers made similar assessment as to who was in distress, but defined the nature of that distress differently. Teacher report stood apart, identifying fewer inward emotional problems and asserting the cognitive-social competence of the vast majority of study children. Trauma-stress exposure during both war and resettlement presented as an unequivocal risk to mental health, but accounted for only part of outcome variance. Additional factors of strong import related broadly to “living in the present”. Parent impairment of daily routines, child dissatisfaction with school and an ongoing quarrelsome relationship presented as risk factors. Protection was associated with parent maintenance of a warm family climate and of concrete physical-emotional caring, child social ties to physically present others, including teacher; and above all, a family sense of hope for the future. Results support the general robustness of our semi-structured approach. Exploring the child’s present well-being in narrative relation to past and future, our assessment captured and gave meaning to the complexity of child exposure and behavior. At the same time, independent parent and child appraisals provided an additional richness to the retelling and evaluation of child experience. Particularly the apartness of teacher report underscores the need to incorporate an outside-world vantage point in the process of risk assessment.
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| 70. |
- Goldkuhl, Göran, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Public E-services : Investigating the E-diamond Model
- 2006
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Ingår i: First International Conference on the Pragmatic Web, PragWeb 2006. - Bonn : Gesellschaft für Informatik. - 3885791838 - 9783885791836
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The issue of the paper is how to characterize public e-services mediated through the web. One common kind of characterization is made through stage models (e-ladders). Such models are frequently used for pol-icy-planning, evaluation and bench-marking of public e-services. E-ladder models have been criticized and as an alternative the e-diamond model has been formulated, which consists of twelve categories in three polarities (in-formative vs performative; general vs individualized; separate vs coordi-nated). The differences between e-ladder and e-diamond models are de-scribed in the paper. Empirical investigations of some public e-services based on the e-diamond model are pursued. A theoretical analysis of the e-diamond model based on the language-action perspective is performed. This follows the view that public e-services are seen as government – citizen communication. The empirical and theoretical investigations give further support to the e-diamond model.
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