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- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Different Personality Patterns in Non-Socialized (Juvenile Delinquents) and Socialized (Air Force Pilot Recruits) Sensation Seekers
- 2001
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In: European Journal of Personality. - : SAGE Publications. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 15, s. 239-252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Young delinquents are known to be sensation seekers. Not all sensation seekers become delinquents: many engage in socially accepted activities, such as mountaineering or parachute jumping. The present study compares 47 juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) with 18 Swedish air force pilot recruits (mean age 23 years) and 19 conscripts (mean age 18 years) as a control group. Sensation-seeking behaviour, impulsiveness, and psychiatric/psychological vulnerability were measured by the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales (SSS), the Karolinska Scales of Personality, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Two separate multivariate analyses of variance were performed, followed up by stepdown analyses to identify those personality scale scores that contributed uniquely. In order to clarify the relationships, the pooled within-group correlations among scales were computed. Juvenile delinquents and pilot recruits were both high in sensation seeking, but on different subscales. Delinquents were high in impulsiveness, somatic anxiety, and extraversion–sociability, and low in socialization, suggesting psychiatric/psychological vulnerability. The findings may have implications for the treatment of juvenile delinquents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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| 2. |
- Magnusson, J, et al.
(author)
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A kinetic study in adults with food hypersensitivity assessed as eosinophil activation in fecal samples
- 2003
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In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 33:8, s. 1052-1059.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated food hypersensitivity affecting the gut is difficult to evaluate, and objective tools to diagnose local gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory reactions are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether allergic manifestations in adults with a history of food-related GI symptoms could be assessed in feces during symptomatic and non-symptomatic periods, using the surrogate markers, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS: Thirteen subjects with food hypersensitivity-related GI symptoms, confirmed by a positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), were subjected to an open kinetic food challenge design for 6 weeks. Symptoms were recorded and scored during the 3-week study period and stool samples were obtained every day. The surrogate markers ECP, EPX and MPO were measured in the supernatants from feces samples. RESULTS: A significant increase in abdominal pain, distension and flatulence was observed during challenge, with a gradual decrease during elimination diet. Both between days and subjects, EPX levels were more frequently increased compared to ECP and MPO. Individuals with a history of a short duration of symptoms had significantly higher mean levels of EPX and MPO than those with a longer duration of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: An overall increase in levels of eosinophil markers, in particular EPX, was observed in feces from patients with food-related GI symptoms. However, rather than being a tool to differentiate symptomatic from non-symptomatic periods, EPX might be used for detecting an ongoing clinical or subclinical chronic inflammation, that may have an impact on the patient's clinical course of GI symptoms.
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| 3. |
- Ribom, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Muscle strength correlates with total body bone mineral density in young women but not in men
- 2004
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 14, s. 24-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a growing health problem. One of the proposed reasons for this is a more sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between muscle strength and total body bone mineral density (TBMD) in young adults at expected peak bone mass. METHODS: Sixty-four women and 61 men (total 125) 21 years of age were included. Handgrip strength, isokinetic knee-flexion and -extension muscle strength, TBMD, and body composition were measured. RESULTS: Univariate regression analyses showed that knee flexion and extension explained almost 30% of the variation in TBMD in women, whereas handgrip strength was not associated with TBMD. In men, no correlation between any measures of muscle strength and TBMD was evident. Stepwise regression analysis showed that knee-flexion and -extension muscle strength in women were associated with TBMD, R2=0.27. In men, lean body mass, fat mass, weight, and height were predictors for TBMD, R2=0.43, whereas muscle strength did not affect the prediction of TBMD. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle strength at weight-bearing sites is related to TBMD in women, whereas body composition is related to TBMD in men. The association of lower limb strength on TBMD only in young women indicates a gender difference.
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| 4. |
- Zalesky, Bodil, 1954-
(author)
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Erzählverhalten und narrative Sprechweisen : Narratologische Untersuchung von "Effi Briest" mit Schwerpunkt in den Dialogen
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A central theme in this dissertation is the relationship between narrative conduct and narrative modes or ways of speaking. Narrative conduct is defined as either authorial (from the perspective of the narrator) or figural (from the perspective of characters). An investigation of previous narratology research indicates that there has been no systematic description of this relationship between conduct and mode. A model is therefore proposed in which authorial and figural elements of conduct are identified and described as they appear in the following modes: narrator commentary (comment about the story or the telling of the story), narrative (the narrator's telling of the story or bringing the story forward), indirect speech or thought, free indirect speech, direct speech or thought, and interior monologue. Because direct speech or dialogue in narratives has been evaluated differently by narratologists, the emphasis in the present study is on an investigation of the role of dialogue in narrative works.A general analysis of narrative conduct in Theodor Fontane's Effi Briest is carried out by applying the model of narrative modes through which authorial and figural components in the novel are separated from each other. Certain passages of the novel, especially dialogue, are scrutinized using this model. An important finding is the establishing of the existence of different kinds of authorial elements in direct speech. One such element is authorial anticipation of the future, or authorial prolepsis, when this appears as expressed by a character, and the character does not know the future.This investigation of Fontane's novel further indicates that Fontane makes use of a mixture of direct and indirect speech to which the term "hybrid speech" is applied.
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