| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Jin-ming, et al.
(författare)
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Mid-term effects of lung volume reduction surgery on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2007
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Ingår i: Chinese Medical Journal. - 0366-6999. ; 120:8, s. 658-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Now lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has become one of the most effective methods for the management of some cases of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the mid-term effects of LVRS on pulmonary function in patients with severe COPD. Methods Ten male patients with severe COPD aged 38-70 years underwent LVRS and their pulmonary function was assessed before, 3 months and 3 years after surgery. The spirometric and gas exchange parameters included residual volume, total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, diffusion capacity for CO, and arterial blood gas. A 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) test was performed. Results As to preoperative assessment, most spirometric parameters and 6MWD were significantly improved after 3 months and slightly 3 years after LVRS. Gas exchange parameters were significantly improved 3 months after surgery, but returned to the preoperative levels after 3 years. Conclusions LVRS may significantly improve pulmonary function in patients with severe COPD indicating for LVRS. Mid-term pulmonary function 3 years after surgery can be decreased to the level at 3 months after surgery. Three years after LVRS, lung volume and pulmonary ventilation function can be significantly improved, but the improvement in gas exchange function was not significant.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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ATCA-based Computation Platform for Data Acquisition and Triggering in Particle Physics Experiments
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE AND LOGIC APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2. ; , s. 287-292
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An ATCA-based computation platform for data acquisition and trigger applications in nuclear and particle physics experiments has been developed. Each Compute Node (CN) which appears as a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) in an ATCA shelf, features 5 Xilinx Virtex-4 FX60 FPGAs and up to 10 GBytes DDR2 memory. Connectivity is provided with 8 optical links and 5 Gigabit Ethernet ports, which are mounted on each board to receive data from detectors and forward results to outer shelves or PC farms with attached mass storage. Fast point-to-point on-board interconnections between FPGAs as well as the full-mesh shelf backplane provide flexibility and high bandwidth to partition algorithms and correlate results among them. The system represents a highly reconfigurable and scalable solution for multiple applications.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Trigger algorithm development on FPGA-based Compute Nodes
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 16th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference. - New York : IEEE. - 9781424457960 ; , s. 478-484
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the ATCA computation architecture and Compute Nodes (CN), investigation and implementation work has been being executed for HADES and PANDA trigger algorithms. We present our designs for HADES track reconstruction processing, Cherenkov ring recognition, Time-Of-Flight processing, electromagnetic shower recognition.. and the PANDA straw tube tracking algorithm. They will appear as co-processors in the uniform system design to undertake the detector-specific computing. The algorithm principles will be explained and hardware designs are described in the paper. The current progress reveals the feasibility to implement these algorithms on FPGAs. Also experimental results demonstrate the performance speedup when compared to alternative software solutions, as well as the potential capability of high-speed parallel/pipelined processing in Data Acquisition and Trigger systems.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Hardware/Software Co-design of an ATCA-based Computation Platform for Data Acquisition and Triggering
- 2009
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Ingår i: 16th IEEE NPSS Real Time Conference. - 9781424457960 ; , s. 485-489
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An ATCA-based computation platform for data acquisition and trigger(TDAQ) applications has been developed for multiple future projects such its PANDA. HADES, and BESIII. Each Compute Node (CN) appears as one (if the fourteen Field Replaceable Units (FRU) in an ATCA shelf, which in total features a high performance of 1890 Clips inter-FPGA on-board channels, 1456 Gbps inter-board backplane connections, 728 Gbps full-duplex optical links, 70 Gbps Ethernet. 140 GBytes DDR2 SDRAM. and all computing resources of 70 Xilinx Virtex-4 FX60 FPGAs. Corresponding to (the system architecture, a hardware/software co-design approach is proposed to ease and accelerate the development for different experiments. In the uniform system design. application-specific computation is to be implemented as customized hardware co-processors, while the embedded PowerPC processor takes charge of flexible slow controls and transmission protocol processing.
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| 6. |
- Lu, Yuan-Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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A clinical study of microcirculatory disturbance in Chinese patients with sudden deafness
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 128:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion. Cochlear microcirculation disturbance is closely associated with sudden deafness. Objectives. To investigate the relationship between cochlear microcirculation and sudden deafness. Subjects and methods. Clinical laboratory parameters (clinical chemistry, hemorheology, hematology, and hemostasis determinations) were studied in 86 patients with sudden deafness and 30 healthy control subjects. Results. The levels of total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and lipoprotein A were significantly higher in patients with sudden deafness than in control subjects. Plasma viscosity, ratio viscosity of whole blood, reduced viscosity of whole blood, high and low shear relative viscosity of whole blood, index of red blood cells transmutation, and fibrinogen level in the plasma of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) were also significantly elevated in comparison with those in control subjects. White-collar workers with psychological and behavioral abnormalities tend to suffer from sudden deafness.
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