| 541. |
- Landstedt, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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Bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health in young people
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:4, s. 393-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the factors associated with exposure to in-real-life (IRL) bullying, cyberbullying, and both IRL and cyberbullying and to explore the relationship between these types of bullying and mental health among 13-16-year-old Swedish boys and girls. Methods: Data was derived from a cross-sectional web-based study of 13-16-year-old students in northern Sweden (n=1214, response rate 81.9%). Results: The combination of IRL- and cyberbullying was the most common type of bullying. A non-supportive school environment and poor body image were related to exposure to bullying for both genders but the relationship was more distinct in girls. All types of bullying were associated with depressive symptoms in both boys and girls and all forms of bullying increased the likelihood of psychosomatic problems in girls. Conclusions: Cyberbullying can be seen as an extension of IRL bullying. A combination of IRL- and cyberbullying seems to be particularly negative for mental health. Interventions should focus on improved school environment and body image as well as anti-violence programmes. Gender aspects of bullying need to be acknowledged.
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| 542. |
- Landstedt, Evelina, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Deliberate self-harm and associated factors in 17-year-old Swedish students
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) in young people is an important public health issue. To prevent DSH, more knowledge is needed about its prevalence and associated contextual factors in community samples of adolescents. Aims: To determine the prevalence of deliberate self-harm in 17-year-old Swedish students and to explore the association of demographic variables, psychological distress, experiences of violence, and school-related factors with DSH. Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional study in which 17-year-old students completed questionnaires during school hours (n=1,663; 78.3%). The variables used in this analysis are as follows: deliberate self-harm, demographic variables, psychological distress, experiences of violence, and school-related factors. Data were analysed using chi-squared statistics and logistic regression. Results: The lifetime prevalence of DSH was 17%, and it was more common among girls (23.3%) than boys (10.5%). There were considerable socioeconomic differences in reports of DSH. Psychological distress was strongly associated with DSH in both boys and girls, as were experiences of bullying, sexual harassment, physical violence and sexual assault. Social support, safety and academic factors in school were related to reports of DSH in both girls and boys. There were some gender differences with respect to which factors were associated with DSH. Conclusions: Deliberate self-harm is common and more frequently reported by girls than boys. Psychological distress, experiences of different types of violence, and school-related factors (academic, social and safety-related), should be considered risk factors for DSH in young people. Findings can be applied to health-promotion policy and interventions in various contexts, for example schools.
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| 543. |
- Landstedt, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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How well do parental and peer relationships in adolescence predict health in adulthood?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43:5, s. 460-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Although health effects of social relationships are well-researched, long-term health consequences of adolescent family as well as peer relationships are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to explore the prospective importance of parental and peer social relationships in adolescence on internalising and functional somatic symptoms in adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from four waves of the Northern Swedish Cohort Study, response rate 94.3%, N=1001. Outcome variables were internalising and functional somatic symptoms at the ages of 21, 30 and 42. Relationship variables at age 16 were poor parental contact and three indicators of poor peer relationships. Associations were assessed in multivariate ordinal logistic regressions with adjustment for confounders and baseline health. Results: Results show that the main relationships-related predictors of adult internalising symptoms were self-rated poor peer relationships in terms of spending time alone during after-school hours and poor parental relationship. Functional somatic symptoms on the other hand were most strongly associated with poor parental contact and not being happy with classmates at age 16. Conclusions: The quality of parental and peer relationships in adolescence predicts adult mental and functional somatic health as much as 26 years later, even when accounting for confounders and adolescent symptomatology. This study extends past research by exploring how both adolescent parental and peer relationships (self-reported as well as teacher reported) predict adult self-reported health.
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| 544. |
- Landström, Björn, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Attributes of competence -- on GPs' work performance in daily practice.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:6, s. 598-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The core competencies of general practitioners (GP) are ordinarily formulated by professional bodies and international organisations, like the World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca). Official documents are sometimes questioned as being too comprehensive and products of the drawing board. The aim was to explore clinically oriented GPs own description of the proficiency used in everyday practice. The study could be essential both for GPs and other professionals who work with consultations. METHOD: Group interviews with GPs selected by regional supervisors and with substantial clinical competence were carried out. The verbatim transcribed sessions were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis approach. RESULTS: Two main categories emerged reflecting the competence: ''Professional readiness'' and ''Working behaviour''. Professional readiness comprises the inclination of understanding and acting based on the subcategories: medical knowledge modified by experience, knowing the patient, involvement and uncertainty. Working behaviour describes in a more concrete way the doctoring approach and is formed by the subcategories: preparation, the current problem, use of time, body attention, cooperation with other professionals, and record keeping as a work aid. CONCLUSIONS: The attributes of competence of GPs empirically have two components: professional readiness and working behaviour. Together they compose a comprehensive picture of the GP's everyday clinical setting.
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| 545. |
- Larm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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How are social capital and sense of coherence associated with hazardous alcohol use? : Findings from a large population-based Swedish sample of adults
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 44:5, s. 525-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study examined whether social capital and a sense of coherence are associated with hazardous alcohol use in a large population-based Swedish sample. In particular, the objectives were (a) to examine which of five subdimensions of social capital is associated with hazardous alcohol use, (b) to investigate the moderating role of sense of coherence and (c) to examine possible sex differences. Methods: A postal survey was distributed to a sample of respondents (aged 18-84 years) from five Swedish counties that was stratified by sex, age and city; 40,674 (59.2%) participants responded, of which 45.5% were men and 54.5% were women with a mean +/- SD age of 53.8 +/- 17.9 years. Results: Structural dimensions of social capital were associated with an increased probability of hazardous alcohol use among both men and women, whereas the increased probability associated with cognitive dimensions occurred mostly among women. Sense of coherence was robustly associated with a decreased probability of hazardous alcohol use among both men and women. There were few moderating effects of sense of coherence and sex differences emerged mainly for the cognitive dimension of social capital. Conclusions: Associations between social capital dimensions and hazardous alcohol use were partly sex-specific, whereas the benefits of a sense of coherence accrued to both sexes. Social capital dimensions and sense of coherence were generally unrelated to each other. Only associations between the cognitive dimensions of social capital and hazardous alcohol use differed by sex.
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| 546. |
- Larsen, Louise B., et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial job demand and control : multi-site musculoskeletal pain in Swedish police
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:3, s. 318-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsPolice have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. While physical factors contributing to this have been explored, little is known regarding the contribution of the psychosocial work environment. This study explores the association between elements of the JDC model, social support and multi-site musculoskeletal pain among Swedish police.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, response from 4185 police were collected using a self-administered online survey. The survey included questions on psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal pain, as well as several potential confounding factors. Binominal regression analyses were performed to explore the degree of association between 1) the indices for job demands, job control, social support and multi-site musculoskeletal pain and 2) the four categories of the JDC model, social support and multi-site musculoskeletal pain.Results The overall psychosocial work environment of Swedish police was characterised by low control and high social support. Police who reported active and high strain jobs were found to have an increase in the odds ratio for multi-site musculoskeletal pain (OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.08-1.94), and 1.84 (1.51-2.24) respectively). High demands, which is a component in the categories for active and high strain jobs, was also found to be associated with an increase in the odds ratio for multi-site musculoskeletal pain (OR 1.66 (1.45-1.91)). High social support was associated with a decrease in the odds ratio formulti-site musculoskeletal pain (OR 0.72 (0.57-0.86)).Conclusions Psychosocial work environment should be considered when investigating factors related to the health and wellbeing of police.
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| 547. |
- Larsen, Vilde Bergstad, et al.
(författare)
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Health care use after severe respiratory tract infections in children aged 0 to 5 years
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - 1403-4948.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore whether children in specialist care with COVID-19 have increased post-discharge health care use when compared with children in specialist care with 1) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and 2) other respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Methods: In 34,214 children aged 1 month to 5 years who were registered as having one or more hospital visit (outpatient or inpatient) with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (N = 128), RSV infection (N = 4,009), or other RTIs (N = 34,458) from 2017 to 2021, we used a difference-in-differences study design to investigate individual all-cause primary and specialist health care use from 12 weeks prior to 12 weeks after the hospital visit, stratified by infants (1 to 11 months) and children (1 to 5 years). Results: We found a slight increase in primary health care use in the first 4 weeks after the hospital visit for infants with COVID-19 when compared with infants with RSV infection (6 per 10,000; 95% CI [2, 13], a 0.52% relative increase). For infants diagnosed with COVID-19, we found a similar post-visit increase in inpatients when compared with infants with RSV infection, which lasted for 12 weeks. Conclusions: Our findings imply a slightly increased health care use among infants after a hospital visit for COVID-19 than among infants with other RTIs, the potential etiological mechanisms of which deserve future clinical research. Severe COVID-19 in young children will not represent any markedly increased burden on the health services.
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| 548. |
- Larsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health and mortality among young men: what is the relation and how may it be explained?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 30:4, s. 259-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study examined the relation between self-rated health (SRH) and mortality among young men, and factors in youth and adolescence that could explain the relation. Methods: Using logistic regression relative risks of mortality between various levels of self-rated health were compared in a longitudinal study of 49,321 men born in 1949-51, participating in a nationwide military conscription survey in 1969-70. Results: Poor self-rated health at conscription was associated with increased mortality during 27 years of follow up for those stating Rather poor or Very poor compared with those stating Very good SRH. SRH was most strongly related to alcohol- and drug-related mortality. Three psychological factors ( low emotional control, psychiatric diagnosis at conscription, and self-reported medication for nervous problems) were found to account for 84% of the increased mortality in the group stating Rather poor or Very poor SRH (remaining RR=1.1). However, the explanatory power of the psychologicalfactors was widely different for different diagnoses of death. Conclusions: Poor self-rated health among young men is a predictor of future mortality. Psychological factors seem to be important explanatory variables.
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| 549. |
- Larsson, Jerry, et al.
(författare)
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Sick leave after traumatic brain injury. The person or the diagnosis - Which has greater impact?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:5, s. 541-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe if and when a sample of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients could finish their time of sick leave during a 4-year follow up and to explore which factors that influenced the time for sick leave. Materials and methods: All persons, 1999—2002, between 18 and 64 years of age (250 in total), admitted to the emergency room and diagnosed according to ICD 10 as S062 and S063, were included. Demographic data were gathered from medical charts and data concerning sick leave 1 year before trauma and 4 years after trauma, were collected from the Swedish social insurance system. To explore predictors of sick leave, two logistic regressions were performed. Results: The sample (mean age 39.68) consisted of 78% men. More than half of the accidents were due to fall. In the sample, 28 % was on sick leave on the day of trauma and 96 % of these were still on sick leave 4 years after trauma, compared with 39 % in the group not on sick leave on the day of TBI. Sick leave at the day for trauma was found to be a predictor for sick leave 4 years after trauma for the whole group (p = 0.000) together with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (p = 0.002) and length of stay (p = 0.049). In the logistic regression with only the group not on sick leave, the only significant variable was GCS (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The findings support the necessity to consider premorbid and social factors in the TBI rehabilitation.
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| 550. |
- Larsson, Kjerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Screening accuracy of brief alcohol screening instruments in a general hospital setting
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 44:6, s. 599-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the screening accuracy of four brief alcohol screening instruments in a general hospital setting.Methods: Ten outpatient clinics were recruited to ensure a representative mix of demographics (e.g. sex, age and diagnosis). The staff at the reception desk handed out pre-sorted envelopes with questionnaires and information letters to the visitors. The questionnaires consisted of the 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Weekly Consumption Question (WCQ), the Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED) question and two questions on sex and age. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the AUDIT-C, AUDIT-3, WCQ and HED using the full 10-item AUDIT for comparison, with cut-off points of 6 for women and 8 for men.Results: In all, 898 questionnaires were included (52% women). According to the full AUDIT, 12.0% of the women and 14.8% of the men were drinking above the hazardous level. Corresponding percentages for the brief screening instruments for women and men, respectively, were as follows: AUDIT-C: 17.2% and 27.4%; the AUDIT-3: 6% and 16.2%; the WCQ: 2% and 1.6%; and the HED screener: 12.9% and 21.2%.Conclusions: The AUDIT-C may be used as a brief screener in a general hospital setting. The WCQ, as a stand-alone screening tool, may underestimate hazardous drinking habits. Screening results from the AUDIT-3 and the HED should be interpreted with caution when applied to women because of the risk of underestimation.
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