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| 2. |
- Persson, Magnus, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Product Modularisation and Organisational Coordination
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management. - : Inderscience. - 1741-5012 .- 1470-9511. ; 13:1, s. 55-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product modularization can bring a lot of benefits, for example shorter lead-time since different modules can be developed in parallel. Existing literature proposes that by standardizing interfaces, it is possible to avoid coordination problems in the development of different modules; coordination problems that might be caused by conflicts calling for management decisions. We test this assumption by investigating two modules in a new car development project. Despite having standardized and simple interfaces to other modules, managerial involvement in coordination was still needed. Hence, dividing a product into modules does not eliminate the need for a managerial hierarchy making important decisions.
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| 3. |
- Aczel, Balazs, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting multi-analyst studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Any large dataset can be analyzed in a number of ways, and it is possible that the use of different analysis strategies will lead to different results and conclusions. One way to assess whether the results obtained depend on the analysis strategy chosen is to employ multiple analysts and leave each of them free to follow their own approach. Here, we present consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting such multi-analyst studies, and we discuss how broader adoption of the multi-analyst approach has the potential to strengthen the robustness of results and conclusions obtained from analyses of datasets in basic and applied research.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ahrne, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Organization outside organizations : The significance of partial organization
- 2011
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Ingår i: Organization. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-5084 .- 1461-7323. ; 18:1, s. 83-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is common practice in organizational research to restrict the concept of organization to formal organizations, and to describe the world outside these entities by such other concepts as institutions or networks. It is argued in this article that the concept of organization can be fruitfully broadened to include some aspects of the order that exists outside and among organizations. A broader concept includes not only complete, formal organization, but also 'partial organization'. Both types of organization are based on decisions, but whereas complete organizations have access to all elements of organization, partial organization is based on only one or a few of these elements. Like complete organization, partial organization is a common phenomenon that not least characterizes much of the contemporary global order. The authors discuss how partial organization arises, how and why institutions and networks sometimes become organized, and the consequences of organization for change, transparency and accountability.
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| 6. |
- Alger, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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A generalization of Hamilton's rule-Love others how much?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5193 .- 1095-8541. ; 299, s. 42-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to Hamilton's (1964a, b) rule, a costly action will be undertaken if its fitness cost to the actor falls short of the discounted benefit to the recipient, where the discount factor is Wright's index of relatedness between the two. We propose a generalization of this rule, and show that if evolution operates at the level of behavior rules, rather than directly at the level of actions, evolution will select behavior rules that induce a degree of cooperation that may differ from that predicted by Hamilton's rule as applied to actions. In social dilemmas there will be less (more) cooperation than under Hamilton's rule if the actions are strategic substitutes (complements). Our approach is based on natural selection, defined in terms of personal (direct) fitness, and applies to a wide range of pairwise interactions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Altmejd, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Nowcasting COVID-19 statistics reported with delay : A case-study of Sweden and the UK
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of unbiased, real-time statistics of trends in disease events in order to achieve an effective response. Because of reporting delays, real-time statistics frequently underestimate the total number of infections, hospitalizations and deaths. When studied by event date, such delays also risk creating an illusion of a downward trend. Here, we describe a statistical methodology for predicting true daily quantities and their uncertainty, estimated using historical reporting delays. The methodology takes into account the observed distribution pattern of the lag. It is derived from the "removal method"-a well-established estimation framework in the field of ecology.
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| 9. |
- Amado, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling changes in the unconditional variance of long stock return series
- 2009
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we develop a testing and modelling procedure for describing the longterm movements over very long return series. For the purpose, we assume that volatility is multiplicatively decomposed into a conditional and an unconditional component as in Amado and Terasvirta (2008). The latter component is modelled by incorporating smooth changes so that the unconditional variance is allowed to evolve slowly over time. Statistical inference is used for specifying the parameterization of the time-varying component by applying a sequence of Lagrange multiplier tests. The model building procedure is illustrated with an application to the daily returns of the DJIA index covering a period of eighty three years of nancial market history. Two major conclusions are as follows. First, the LM tests strongly reject the assumption of constancy of the unconditional variance. Second, the results show that the long-memory property in volatility may be explained by ignored changes in the unconditional variance of the long series.
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| 10. |
- Amado, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling conditional and unconditional heteroskedasticity with smoothly time-varying structure
- 2008
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we propose two parametric alternatives to the standard GARCH model. They allow the conditional variance to have a smooth time-varying structure of either additive or multiplicative type. The suggested parameterizations describe both nonlinearity and structural change in the conditional and unconditional variances where the transition between regimes over time is smooth. A modelling strategy for these new time-varying parameter GARCH models is developed. It relies on a sequence of Lagrange multiplier tests, and the adequacy of the estimated models is investigated by Lagrange multiplier type misspecification tests. Finite-sample properties of these procedures and tests are examined by simulation. An empirical application to daily stock returns and another one to daily exchange rate returns illustrate the functioning and properties of our modelling strategy in practice. The results show that the long memory type behaviour of the sample autocorrelation functions of the absolute returns can also be explained by deterministic changes in the unconditional variance.
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