| 61. |
- Olofsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Value of a QALY and VSI Estimated with the Chained Approach
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The value of a Quality-Adjusted Life-Year (QALY) and the Value of a Statistical Injury (VSI) are important measures within health economics and transport economics. Several studies have therefore estimated people’s WTP for these estimates, but most results show problems with scale insensitivity. The Chained Approach (CA) is a method developed to reduce this problem. The objective of this study was to estimate the value of a QALY and VSI in the context of non-fatal road traffic accidents using CA. Data was collected from a total of 800 individuals in the Swedish adult general population using two web-based questionnaires. The result showed evidence of scale sensitivity both within and between samples. The value of a QALY based on trimmed individual estimates where close to constant at €300,000 irrespective of the type and size of the QALY gain. The study shows promising results for using the original CA to estimate the value of a QALY and VSI. It also supports the use of a constant value of a QALY, but at a higher level than what is currently applied by HTA’s.
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| 62. |
- Treschow, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Konflikterna i skogen – en analys av regelkonflikter och myndighetsagerande
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi har undersökt orsaken till pågående konflikt mellan skogsägare och skogsvårdande myndigheter angående tillämpningen av artskyddsförordningen. Skogsägarna har i debatten hävdat att villkoren för att bedriva skogsbruk har försämrats i en omfattning att äganderätten såsom den normalt uppfattas är hotad. Vi har funnit att det finns fog för skogsägarnas kritik. Vi konstaterar att myndigheterna i ett internt projekt har utvecklat en tillämpning avartskyddsförordningen som saknar stöd i gängse rättskällor, som lagtext, förarbeten och praxis. Tillämpningen etablerades i internt framtagna riktlinjer för handläggning av artskyddsärenden. Innehållet i riktlinjerna bryter mot den praxis som tidigare etablerats i artskyddsärenden och leder runt år 2016 till en omsvängning i tillämpningen av artskyddsförordningen. Vi konstaterar också att den nya tillämpningen konsekvent är till nackdel för den enskilde skogsbrukaren. De viktigaste punkterna är a) en försämrad möjlighet att få ersättning vid nekad skogsbruksåtgärd, b) svårighet att av myndigheten få svar på vad som gäller och c) en utökad börda för utredningar och bevisföring.
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| 63. |
- Xiao, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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The emergence of Artificial Intelligence in European regions: the role of a local ICT base
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate how a regional knowledge base in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) influences the emergence of AI technologies in European regions. Replying on patent data and studying the knowledge production of AI technologies in 233 European regions in the period of 1994 to 2017, our study reveals three results. First, ICTs are a major knowledge source of AI technologies and their importance has been increasing over time. Second, a regional knowledge base in ICTs is highly relevant for regions to engage in AI inventing. Third, the effects of regional knowledge base of ICTs are stronger for regions that recently caught up in AI inventing. Our findings suggest that ICTs play a critically enabling role for regions to diversify into AI technologies, especially in catching-up regions.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Andersson Djurfeltd, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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The Gendered Possibilities for Participating in Agricultural Intensification in Sub-Saharan Africa – a Longitudinal Perspective from Seven Regions in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia
- 2020
-
Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5068.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper looks at the gendered possibilities for participating in agricultural intensification in seven regions in Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania, using a longitudinal, regional, mixed methods approach combining household level data on land, labour and use of agricultural techniques for male and female farm managers as well as qualitative data collected from within male-headed households and community level data. The analysis is based on a quantitative dataset covering 1070 small scale farmers covering the period 2002 to 2017/18, as well as around roughly 350 qualitative interviews collected over the course of a decade. The results point to great variation between the regions as well as the countries in terms of access to land, but also suggest that gender relations around land are changing as a result both of deliberate policies as well as the emergence of rental markets for land. Indeed, gender-based gaps in cultivated area have fallen in some regions, but are persistent in others. Surprisingly, neither tenure security nor formalisation of tenure is differentiated between male and female respondents, in any of the regions. Access to family labour is however smaller on female managed farms and labour shortages are generally higher on these farms in most regions. Capital and labour intensive technologies add to gender based differentiation in cultivated area in regions where commercial opportunities are driving intensification, whereas gender based gaps in the use of these technologies have narrowed in poor regions as a result of deteriorating conditions for male farmers.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Tyllström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Becoming a business student : Negotiating identity and social contacts during the first three months of an elite business education
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We know that informal networks explain differences in career success. Historical differences in business careers of men and women have frequently been explained with differences in informal networks. We also know that corporations tend to recruit future leaders and professionals from highly ranked business schools, and that important social networks form among the students there. However, it is not fully known how these networks form initially, and how they develop over time. In this first report from an ongoing longitudinal study of networking among students of four business schools in Sweden and Finland, we explore networking and socializing during the first term of education. The data that is reported here were collected in 2019, i.e. before the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that the first few weeks of education are crucial for networking: they present an “open window” for making new friends. This process is aided by structured efforts by the schools and the student unions which facilitate networking. We also find that expectations of networking can be felt as stressful by some students, as well as there being strong tendencies of homophily regarding gender and ethnicity among students. From the students’ point of view, however, the friends they make seem to be the result of random encounters. Being socialized into becoming a business student also means relating to and often challenging a perceived stereotype of the (male) business student. The report ends with pointing toward the need for establishing an intersectional and longitudinal approach to the study of networking.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Grillitsch, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Does institutional diversity promote global innovation networks?
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent literature stresses the increasing importance of global innovation networks as a new mechanism to organize innovation across geographical space. This paper investigates if institutional diversity, defined at the level of the firm, influences firms’ engagement in GINs. Institutional diversity provides knowledge about the institutional context of other countries, increased capabilities to deal with institutional differences, larger social networks to build GINs and a broader search space. Further, the paper examines how the absorptive capacity of firms mediates the relationship between institutional diversity and global innovation networks. The empirical study is based on a linked employee-employer dataset with 8,573 innovative firms in Sweden. It provides strong evidence that the engagement in GINs is positively related to institutional diversity and that the relation is particularly strong for global innovation networks, depending, however, on the absorptive capacity of firms.
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