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- Hassel, Lars, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Budget effectiveness in multinational companies : An empirical examination of environmental interaction on cognitive and affective effects of two dimensions of budgetary participation
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - Oxford, UK : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 9:4, s. 299-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the interaction between two dimensions of budgetary participation and environmental dynamism on perceptions of budget effectiveness in multinational companies. Unique features are dichotomies of: (i) domestic and foreign subunits; (ii) two dimensions of budget participation, communication and influence; and (iii) two facets of effectiveness perceptions, higher level involvement and outcomes of budget process. Results show that benefits of budgetary participation are limited and not consistent. Significant differences between foreign and domestic subunits are apparent. The primary perceived benefits are associated with communication. Budget influence is associated with positive perceptions of top-level involvement in foreign subunits but negative perceptions of outcomes of budget process in both domestic and foreign subunits.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Samarbete mellan hem och skola : Erfarenheter av elevers, föräldrars och lärares arbete
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this study was to shed light upon several questions regarding co -operation between the home and school, based upon earlier research and empirical studies. The study focused on the opportunities and drawbacks as well as on the motives for home and school cooperation. The first section deals with the questions at issues, and the bases the dissertation was dealt with. The second part covers the empirical studies which were carried out within the first three years of the primary school, and in the third part the limitations, most important results, and future research were discussed. The aim of the first section was to identify the starting points for the study, based on earlier research, and to review, via the main body of the study, how co-operation between the home and the school developed. An analysis of the review suggested that the goal formulations of the main body of the paper allowed for opportunities for home and school collaboration. Not only had interesting possibilities come to light, throughout the earlier research, but so too, a number of problems concerning the concrete collaboration between home and school. An very important conclusion, as a result of this review focused on the importance of proceeding from the unit that a class of pupils, parents and teachers represents. The purpose of the empirical studies was to describe and to try to understand why co-operation between home and school developed as it did. A longitudinal study was carried out by means of on-site research in the primary school itself, among pupils in years 1-3. This was proceeded by questionnaires and prestudies of selected classes. The data was collected mainly by means of questionnaires, interviews and written documents. The results showed that parents could function as a valuable resource within the work of the school and that it was relatively easy to take advantage of them, as such. It became clear that pupils, parents and teachers were extremely inventive and resourceful with regard to ideas on cooperation, and indeed on carrying through those ideas. Parents saw themselves and other parents as an important resource for the work of the school. The teacher emerged as a key figure for intensified collaboration. In the concluding discussion the results from the microlevel formed the starting point for the discussion concerning the context of cooperation between home and school at the macrolevel. As a conclusion, the discussion was about collaboration between home and school in terms of some of the effects of cooperation opportunities and obstacles, the interest shown by parents together with the content and forms of collaboration. Here it was pointed out that an important condition for achieving society's objectives was that pupils, parents and teachers together should interpret this in order to connect them to the cultural economic and social reality that was relevant to that particular class.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Lars
(författare)
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Samhällets oregerlighet : organisering och policyproduktion i näringspolitiken
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The welfare state and the multi-actor-society have co-developed. In such a society political authority is fragmented. The process of policy making is not merely a result of the primacy of formal political institutions, political decisions and coherent administrative procedures. The field of policy-making aimed at stimulating local economic development is one example of this phenomenon. Two questions can be raised.How is policy created within a complex domain of problems, demands and challenges, particularly within the field of policy-making for local economic development? Is it possible to develop a unitary theoretical concept in order to describe and understand the process of policy-making within this sphere of politics?The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of theory concerning policy-making in complex environments, and to lay a foundation for a discussion of the possibility of political steering and the govemability of society.The empirical material consists of three multiple case studies, all of which are unified by the same policy-problem. With the use of interviews based on a "snowball" technique, it was possible to dectect and describe collective units of actors. The processes of problem solving and organizing are described and analysed as processes of collective action. This image of policy-malting coincides with a methodological point of departure which does not presuppose any primacy of political agencies, nor create any confusion between state and society. The approach of methodological individualism is suitable for this aim. Accordingly, collectively acting individuals, not solely political agencies and decision makers, are regarded as the locus of policy-making. This conception of policy-making is also compatible with the existence of public policy, even without formal political decisions, agencies and programmes.It was found that, even with a high degree of comparability, there were notable differences in the process of organizing and its outcomes. It was also found that there were no clear-cut relations between political decisions and outcomes. This gives further support to the assumption of difficulties in identifying separate sequences of implementation in the policy-making process.The conclusion drawn was that, given comparable policy-problems, there are always "policygaps". This is due to the numerous possible combinations, and the empirical contents of determinants for collective action. It was argued that this phenomenon represents a present status of constructive ungovernability, i.e. processes of policy-making without any self-evident primacy of political agencies. Political authorities have the formal capacity to regulate, to create rules, as an extension of their political will. The process of government, however, is not equivalent to the creation of rules. Only to the extent that political authorities are significant for the creation of patterns of action, within a specific sphere of politics, can the process be labelled with the notion of political government The conclusion drawn was that political administrative steering systems are generally ill-fitted for this purpose, i.e. for the process of problem solving in a multi-actor-society. Finally, this conclusion retrieved the "Durkheimian" proposal of political governance, with its predominance of general principles.
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Culture in Africa : an appeal for pluralism
- 1993
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The essays in this publication range from poetry and drama to church music, architecture, and popular magazines. Common to them is the effort to make the disciplines of arts and those of social sciences meet. African cultural expressions are treated here as anchored in the experiences common to the people of Africa, while the provincial exclusiveness of Afrocentrism is shunned.
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| 9. |
- Ekselius, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Personality disorders in DSM-III-R as categorical or dimensional.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 88:3, s. 183-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the atheoretical approach of the DSM-III-R, the personality disorders have their roots in specific theoretical schools. Due to clinical tradition, analogies with Axis I and the tradition in psychiatry and medicine, the personality disorders are presented as categories although there is more empirical support for a dimensional approach. This study attempted to determine whether the separate personality disorders meet Kendell's criteria for distinct entities, i.e., bimodality with distinct points of rarity. None of the personality disorders met the criteria for a distinct disease entity. Instead, all of the personality disorders presented as continuous, dimensional personality traits present among healthy subjects and more pronounced in patients with mental disorders.
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